3. RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FLOWS AND FORCES: THE KEDEM-KATCHALSKY EQUATIONS

Kapitel in diesem Buch

1. Frontmatter i
2. PREFACE vii
3. CONTENTS xi
4. 1. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1
5. 2. FUNDAMENTALS OF EQUILIBRIUM AND NONEQUILIBRIUM THERMODYNAMICS 5
6. 3. RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FLOWS AND FORCES: THE KEDEM-KATCHALSKY EQUATIONS 24
7. 4. EFFECTIVENESS OF ENERGY CONVERSION 54
8. 5. THE DIAGRAM METHOD 74
9. 6. POSSIBLE CONDITIONS FOR LINEARITY AND SYMMETRY OF COUPLED PROCESSES FAR FROM EQUILIBRIUM 96
10. 7. ENERGETICS OF ACTIVE TRANSPORT: THEORY 132
11. 8. ENERGETICS OF ACTIVE TRANSPORT: EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 168
12. 9. KINETICS OF ISOTOPE FLOWS: BACKGROUND AND THEORY 215
13. 10. KINETICS OF ISOTOPE FLOWS: MECHANISMS OF ISOTOPE INTERACTION 246
14. 11. KINETICS OF ISOTOPE FLOWS: TESTS AND APPLICATIONS OF THERMODYNAMIC FORMULATION 274
15. 12. MUSCULAR CONTRACTION 301
16. 13. ENERGY COUPLING IN MITOCHONDRIA, CHLOROPLASTS, AND HALOPHILIC BACTERIA 348
17. AFTERWORD 389
18. LIST OF SYMBOLS A 393
19. NOTES 401
20. REFERENCES 413
21. INDEX 425