Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. Contents v
3. Prologue 1
4. 1. If Only It Were So Simple 5
5. 2. What Is a Test? 16
6. 3. What We Measure: Just How Good Is the Sample? 35
7. 4. The Evolution of American Testing 46
8. 5. What Test Scores Tell Us about American Kids 74
9. 6. What Influences Test Scores, or How Not to Pick a School 113
10. 7. Error and Reliability: How Much We Don’t Know What We’re Talking About 143
11. 8. Reporting Performance: Standards and Scales 179
12. 9. Validity 215
13. 10. Inflated Test Scores 235
14. 11. Adverse Impact and Bias 260
15. 12. Testing Students with Special N 281
16. 13. Sensible Uses of Tests 315
17. Notes 335
18. Acknowledgments 345
19. Index 347