Home Effect of Second Phase Particles on the Grain Size of a Multi-microalloyed Medium Carbon Steel
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Effect of Second Phase Particles on the Grain Size of a Multi-microalloyed Medium Carbon Steel

  • José María Cabrera , Anas Al Omar and José Manuel Prado
Published/Copyright: December 14, 2021
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill

Abstract

An experimental study on the grain growth of a medium carbon microalloyed steel with two levels of aluminum nitride (AlN) is carried out. Two types of precipitates (V-Ti carbonitrides and AlN) are expected in the alloys selected. The effect of both particles on the final grain size is analyzed, and special emphasis is given to the appearance of abnormal grain growth. The dependence of the volume fraction of particles and of their size on time and temperature is theoretically derived according to simplified models. The particle sizes are also experimentally determined and contrasted with the latter theoretical approaches. Classical models of grain growth control are compared and that proposed by Rios proportionates the best agreement with experimental results. The effect of the heating rate, i. e. overprecipitation, is also qualitatively included in the analysis.


J.M. Cabrera, A. Al Omar, J.M. Prado Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales e Ingenieréa Metalérgica ETSEIB – Universidad Politécnica de Catalunya Av. Diagonal, 647, 08028 – Barcelona, Spain

  1. Authors are indebted to Prof. Paulo R. Rios (Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro) for his kind reading of this manuscript. One of the authors (JMC) is grateful for a grant for researchers formation provided by the Comissionat per a Universitats i Recerca de la Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain. The assistance provided by Miss Eva Vaqué (ETSEIB-UPC, Barcelona) in the metallographic preparation of the samples is also recognized, as well as the assistance in the Electronic Microscopy Service of the UPC provided by Dr. José M. Manero. Authors also acknowledge the financial support received from Comisién Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología (CICYT) through the project MAT 94-0433.

Literature

1 Smith, C.S.: Personal communication from C. Zener to C.S. Smith, quoted in page 47. Transactions AIME. 175 (1948) 15–51.Search in Google Scholar

2 Hillert, M.: Acta metall. 13 (1965) 227–238.10.1016/0001-6160(65)90200-2Search in Google Scholar

3 Gladman, T.: Proc. Royal Soc. 294 (1966) 298–309.Search in Google Scholar

4 Rios, P.R.: Acta metall. 35 (1987) 2805–2814.10.1016/0001-6160(87)90280-XSearch in Google Scholar

5 Proc. Information Day on Microalloyed Engineering Steels, Carbon and Steel European Community (CSEC), Düsseldorf (1988).Search in Google Scholar

6 Hara, H.; Kobayashi, M.: Vanadium Award, The Institute of Metals, London (1987) 5–15.Search in Google Scholar

7 Heimendahl, M.v.: Electron Microscopy of Materials, Academic Press, New York (1980).Search in Google Scholar

8 Cabrera, J.M.: Doctoral Thesis, Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña, Barcelona, Spain (1995).Search in Google Scholar

9 Cotterill, P.; Mould, P.R.: Recrystallization and Grain Growth in Metals, Surrey Univ. Press, London (1976).Search in Google Scholar

10 Ralph, R.: Mater. Sci. and Techn. 6 (1990) 1139–1144.10.1179/mst.1990.6.11.1136Search in Google Scholar

11 Russ, J.C.: Practical Stereology, Plenium Press, New York (1986).10.1007/978-1-4899-3533-5Search in Google Scholar

12 Underwood, E.: Quantitative Stereology, Addison-Wesley, Massachusetts, (1970).Search in Google Scholar

13 Gladman, T.: Mater. Sci. Forum 94–96 (1992) 113–128.10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.94-96.113Search in Google Scholar

14 Coladas, R.; Masounave, J.; Guérin, G.; Baïlon, J.P.: Metal Science, (1977) 509–516.10.1179/030634577790432857Search in Google Scholar

15 Cuddy, L.J.; Raley, J.C.: Metall. Trans. A 14A (1983) 1989–1995.10.1007/BF02662366Search in Google Scholar

16 Shams, N.: Mater. Sci. Techn. 1 (1985) 950–953.10.1179/mst.1985.1.11.950Search in Google Scholar

17 Wang, S.: J. Mater. Sc. 24 (1989) 105–109.10.1007/BF00660940Search in Google Scholar

18 Reynolds, P.E.: Ironmaking and Steelmaking 8 (1991) 52–58.Search in Google Scholar

19 Kaspar, R.; Mahmoud, N.: Mater. Sci. Techn. 7 (1991) 249–254.10.1179/mst.1991.7.3.249Search in Google Scholar

20 Cabrera, J.M.; Al Omar, A.; Prado, J.M.: J. Mater. Sci. 31 (1996) 1303–1309.10.1007/BF00353110Search in Google Scholar

21 Chen, Z.; Loretto, M.H.; Cochrane, R.C.: Mater. Sci. Techn. 3 (1987) 836–844.10.1179/mst.1987.3.10.836Search in Google Scholar

22 Emenike, C.O.I.; Billington, J.C.: Mater. Sci. Techn. 5 (1989) 450–456.10.1179/mst.1989.5.5.450Search in Google Scholar

23 Emenike, C.O.I.; Billington, J.C: Mater. Sci. Techn. 5 (1989) 566–574.10.1179/mst.1989.5.6.566Search in Google Scholar

24 El-Fawakhry, K.A.; Mekkawy, M.F.; Mishreky, M.L.; Eissa, M.M.: ISIJ International 31 (1991) 1020–1025.10.2355/isijinternational.31.1020Search in Google Scholar

25 Jonas, J.J.; Akben, M.G.: Metals Forum 4 (1981) 92–101.Search in Google Scholar

26 Chen, Z.; Loretto, M.H.; Cochrane, R.C.: Mater. Sci. Techn. 3 (1987) 836–844.10.1179/mst.1987.3.10.836Search in Google Scholar

27 Zou, H.; Kirkaldy, J.S.: Metall. Trans. A 23A (1992) 651–657.10.1007/BF02801182Search in Google Scholar

28 Liu, W.L.; Jonas, J.J.: Metall. Trans. A 20A, (1989) 1361–1374.10.1007/BF02665494Search in Google Scholar

29 Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, CRC Press, Florida (1973).Search in Google Scholar

30 Speer, J.G.; Michael, J.R.; Hansen, S.S.: Metall. Trans. A 18A (1987) 211–222.10.1007/BF02825702Search in Google Scholar

31 Adrian, H.: Mater. Sci. Techn. 8 (1992) 406–420.10.1179/mst.1992.8.5.406Search in Google Scholar

32 Adrian, H.; Pickering, F.B.: Mater. Sci. Techn. 7 (1991) 176–182.10.1179/mst.1991.7.2.176Search in Google Scholar

33 Rios, P.R.: Mater. Sci. Techn. 4 (1988) 324–327.10.1179/mst.1988.4.4.324Search in Google Scholar

34 Rios, P.R.: Mater. Sci. Engn. A142 (1991) 87–94.10.1016/0921-5093(91)90757-ESearch in Google Scholar

35 Rios, P.R.: Scripta metall. mater. 33 (1995) 337–339.10.1016/0956-716X(95)00199-6Search in Google Scholar

36 Houghton, D.C.: Acta metall. 41 (1993) 2293–3006.10.1016/0956-7151(93)90114-8Search in Google Scholar

37 Rios, P.R.: Mater. Sci. Engn. A156 (1992) L5–L8.10.1016/0921-5093(92)90423-XSearch in Google Scholar

38 Hillert, M.; Staffanson, L.I.: Acta Chemica Scandinavica 24 (1970) 3618–3626.10.3891/acta.chem.scand.24-3618Search in Google Scholar

39 Wilson, F.G.; Gladman, T.: Intern. Mater. Rev. 33 (1988) 221–286.10.1179/imr.1988.33.1.221Search in Google Scholar

40 Kunze, J.: Metal Science 16 (1982) 217–218.Search in Google Scholar

41 Lifshitz, L.M.; Slyozov, V.V.: J. Phys. Chem. Solids 19 (1961) 35–50.10.1016/0022-3697(61)90054-3Search in Google Scholar

42 Ardell, A.J.: Acta metall. 20 (1972) 61–71.10.1016/0001-6160(72)90114-9Search in Google Scholar

43 DeHoff, R.T.: Acta metall. 39 (1991) 2349–2359.10.1016/0956-7151(91)90016-TSearch in Google Scholar

44 Das, S.K.; Biswas, A.; Ghosh R.N.: Acta metall. 41 (1993) 777–781.10.1016/0956-7151(93)90010-PSearch in Google Scholar

45 Fang, Z.; Patterson, B.R.; Turner, M.E.: Acta metall. 40 (1992) 713–722.10.1016/0956-7151(92)90013-5Search in Google Scholar

46 Fang, Z.; Patterson, B.R.:Acta metall. 41 (1993) 2017–2024.10.1016/0956-7151(93)90372-YSearch in Google Scholar

47 Rios, P.R.: Mater. Sci. Engn. A171 (1993) 175–179.10.1016/0921-5093(93)90404-3Search in Google Scholar

48 Ashby, M.F.; Easterling, K.E.: Acta metall. 30 (1982) 1969–1978.10.1016/0001-6160(82)90100-6Search in Google Scholar

49 Ion, J.C.; Easterling, K.E.; Ashby, M.F.: Acta metall. 32 (1984) 1949–1962.10.1016/0001-6160(84)90176-7Search in Google Scholar

50 Andersen, I.; Grong, Ø.: Acta metall. mater. 43 (1995) 2673–2688.10.1016/0956-7151(94)00488-4Search in Google Scholar

51 Andersen, I.; Grong, Ø.; Ryum, N.: Acta metall. mater. 43 (1995) 2689–2700.10.1016/0956-7151(94)00489-5Search in Google Scholar

52 Landolt-Börnstein, Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology, Vol. 26, Diffusion in Solid Metals and Alloys, Springer Verlag, Berlin (1990).Search in Google Scholar

53 Zou, H.; Kirkaldy, J.S.: Metall. Trans. A 22A (1991) 1511–1524.10.1007/BF02667365Search in Google Scholar

54 Liu, W.L.; Jonas, J.J.: Int. Conference on Physical Metallurgy of Thermomechanical Processing of Steels and Other Metals (Thermec-88), Tokyo, (1988).Search in Google Scholar

55 Elst, R.; Van Humbeeck, J.; Delay, L.: Acta metall. 36 (1988) 1723–1729.10.1016/0001-6160(88)90240-4Search in Google Scholar

Received: 1997-02-03
Published Online: 2021-12-14

© 1998 Carl Hanser Verlag, München

Downloaded on 28.10.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.3139/ijmr-1998-0009/html?lang=en
Scroll to top button