Home Simulation and Experimental Verification of Crystallization and Birefringence in Melt Spinning of PET
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Simulation and Experimental Verification of Crystallization and Birefringence in Melt Spinning of PET

  • K. H. Kim , A. I. Isayev and K. Kwon
Published/Copyright: March 1, 2013
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill
Submit Manuscript Author Information
International Polymer Processing
From the journal International Polymer Processing Volume 21 Issue 1

Abstract

A novel approach for the numerical simulation of the development of crystallinity and birefringence on the spinline was proposed. The approach was based on the calculation of elastic recovery and crystalline and amorphous orientation functions without making any assumption about freezing. To model crystallization, the amorphous orientation function and the flow effect on the equilibrium melting temperature elevation due to the entropy reduction between the oriented and unoriented melts were incorporated. The crystalline orientation function was calculated from the frozen-in elastic recovery. The entropy change and frozen-in elastic recovery calculation were based on a nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive Eq. with the crystallinity and temperature dependent viscosity and relaxation time. The crystalline and amorphous contributions to the overall birefringence were obtained from the crystalline orientation function and the flow birefringence, respectively. The temperature, diameter, density, and birefringence profile in both low- and high-speed spun PET fibers were predicted and compared with the experimental data from literature. Theoretical predictions were found to be in agreement with the published experimental data.

This paper is dedicated to honor Professor James L. White, the founder of the Polymer Processing Society and the founding editor of the International Polymer Processing Journal

2∗ Mail address: A. I. Isayev, Institute of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-0301, U.S.A.E-mail:

References

1 Schultz, J. M., Petermann, J.: Coll. Polym. Sci.262(4), p.294(1984).10.1007/BF01410467Search in Google Scholar

2 Petermann, J., Schultz, J. M.: Coll. Polym. Sci.262(3), p.217(1984).10.1007/BF01458964Search in Google Scholar

3 Tiller, W. A., Schultz, J. M.: Journal of Polymer Science, Polym. Phys. Ed.22(2), p.143(1984).Search in Google Scholar

4 Schultz, J. M.: Polym. Eng. Sci.31(9), p. 661(1991).10.1002/pen.760310907Search in Google Scholar

5 Bushman, A. C., McHugh, A. J.: J. Polym. Sci., Part B35(10), p.1649(1997).Search in Google Scholar

6 Dairanieh, I. S., McHugh, A. J., Doufas, A. K.: SPE ANTEC Tech. Papers44(1), p. 212(1998).Search in Google Scholar

7 Doufas, A. K., McHugh, A. J., Miller, C.: J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech.92(1), p. 276(2000).10.1016/S0377-0257(00)00088-4Search in Google Scholar

8 Doufas, A. K., McHugh, A. J., Miller, C., Immaneni, A.: J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech.92(1), p. 81(2000).10.1016/S0377-0257(00)00089-6Search in Google Scholar

9 McHugh, A. J., Doufas, A. K.: Composites, Part A: Appl. Sci. Manufact.A32(8), p. 1059(2001).Search in Google Scholar

10 Ziabicki, A.: Coll. Polym. Sci.252(3), p. 207(1974).10.1007/BF01638101Search in Google Scholar

11 Ziabicki, A., Jarecki, L., in: High-Speed Fiber Spinning. Ziabicki, A., Kawai, H. (Eds.), Wiley, New York(1985).Search in Google Scholar

12 Ziabicki, A.: J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech.30(2–3), p.141(1988).10.1016/0377-0257(88)85021-3Search in Google Scholar

13 Ziabicki, A., Tian, J.: J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech.47, p. 57(1993).10.1016/0377-0257(93)80044-CSearch in Google Scholar

14 Eder, G., Janeschitz-Kriegl, H.: Coll. Polym. Sci.266(12), p.1087(1988).10.1007/BF01414398Search in Google Scholar

15 Eder, G., Janeschitz-Kriegl, H., Krobath, G.: Prog. Coll. & Polym. Sci.80, p. 1(1989).Search in Google Scholar

16 Eder, G., Janeschitz-Kriegl, H., Liedauer, S.: Prog. Polym. Sci.15(4), p. 629(1990).10.1016/0079-6700(90)90008-OSearch in Google Scholar

17 Eder, G., Janeschitz-Kriegl, H., Liedauer, S.: Prog. Coll. & Polym. Sci.87, p. 129(1992).Search in Google Scholar

18 Flory, P. J.: J. Chem. Phys.15, p.397(1947).10.1063/1.1746537Search in Google Scholar

19 Gaylord, R. J.: J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed.14(10), p.1827(1976).10.1002/pol.1976.180141008Search in Google Scholar

20 Treloar, L. R. G.: The Physics of Rubber Elasticity. The Clarendon Press, Oxford(1958).Search in Google Scholar

21 Mark, J. E.: J. Chem. Educ.58(11), p. 898(1981).10.1021/ed058p898Search in Google Scholar

22 Haas, T. W., Maxwell, B.: Polym. Eng. Sci.9(4), p. 225(1969).10.1002/pen.760090402Search in Google Scholar

23 Ishizuka, O., Koyama, K.: Polymer18(9), p. 913(1977).10.1016/0032-3861(77)90134-3Search in Google Scholar

24 Hsiung, C. M., Cakmak, M.: Polym. Eng. Sci.31, p. 1372(1991).10.1002/pen.760311903Search in Google Scholar

25 Hsiung, C. M., Cakmak, M., Ulcer, Y.: Polymer37, p. 4555(1996).10.1016/0032-3861(96)00291-1Search in Google Scholar

26 Palluch, K. P., Isayev, A. I.: Paper presented at the 13th. Internat. Congress on Rheology, Cambridge, United Kingdom(2000).Search in Google Scholar

27 Kim, K. H., Isayev, A. I., Kwon, K.: SPE ANTEC Tech. Papers49(1), p. 713(2003).Search in Google Scholar

28 Kikutani, T.: PhD Thesis, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan(1982).Search in Google Scholar

29 George, H. H., in: High-Speed Fiber Spinning. Ziabicki, A., Kawai, H. (Eds.), Wiley, New York(1985).Search in Google Scholar

30 Vassilatos, G., Knox, B. H., Frankfort, H. R. E., in: High-Speed Fiber Spinning. Ziabicki, A., Kawai, H. (Eds.), Wiley, New York(1985).Search in Google Scholar

31 Haberkorn, H., Hahn, K., Breuer, H., Dorrer, H. D., Matthies, P.: J.Appl. Polym. Sci.47, p.1551(1993).10.1002/app.1993.070470905Search in Google Scholar

32 George, H. H., Holt, A., Buckley, A.: A study of structural development in the high speed spinning of poly(ethylene terephthalate), Polym. Eng. Sci.23(2), p.96(1983).Search in Google Scholar

33 Shimizu, J., Okui, N., T.Kikutani in: High-Speed Fiber Spinning. Ziabicki, A., Kawai, H. (Eds.), Wiley, New York(1985).Search in Google Scholar

34 Dairanieh, I. S., McHugh, A. J., Doufas, A. K.: J. Reinforced Plast. Compos.18(5), p. 464(1999).10.1177/073168449901800506Search in Google Scholar

35 Oono, R., Miasaka, K., Ishikawa, K.: J. Polym. Sci.11, p.1477(1973).10.1002/pol.1973.180110802Search in Google Scholar

36 Kraus, G., Gruver, J. T.: J. Polym. Sci.10, p. 2009(1972).10.1002/pol.1972.180101011Search in Google Scholar

37 Kobayashi, K., Nagasawa, T.: J. Macromol. Sci., Phys.4(2), p.331(1970).10.1080/00222347008212506Search in Google Scholar

38 Hay, I. L., Jaffe, M., Wissbrun, K. F.: J. Macromol. Sci. PartB12, p.423(1976).10.1080/00222347608019329Search in Google Scholar

39 Alfonso, G. C., Verdona, M. P.: Polymer19, p. 711(1978).10.1016/0032-3861(78)90128-3Search in Google Scholar

40 Katayama, K., Yoon, M. G., in High-Speed Fiber Spinning. Ziabicki, A., Kawai, H. (Eds.), Wiley, New York(1985).Search in Google Scholar

41 Leonov, A. I.: Rheol. Acta, 15, p. 85(1976).Search in Google Scholar

42 Gaylord, R. J.: Polym. Letters Ed.13, p. 337(1975).10.1002/pol.1975.130130604Search in Google Scholar

43 Ziabicki, A.: Fundamentals of fiber formation: The science of fiber spinning and drawing. Wiley, New York(1976).Search in Google Scholar

44 Kase, S., Matsuo, T.: J. Appl. Polym. Sci.11(2), p. 251(1967).10.1002/app.1967.070110208Search in Google Scholar

45 Sobhanie, M., Isayev, A. I.: Rubber Chem. Tech.62(5), p.939(1989).10.5254/1.3536285Search in Google Scholar

46 Upadhyay, R. K., Isayev, A. I.: Rheol. Acta22(6), p. 557(1983).10.1007/BF01351402Search in Google Scholar

47 Ziabicki, A., Jarecki, L., Wasiak, A.: Comput. Theore. Polym. Sci.8(1/2), p. 143(1998).10.1016/S1089-3156(98)00028-2Search in Google Scholar

48 Patel, R. M., Bheda, J. H., Spruiell, J. E.: J. Appl. Polym. Sci.42(6), p.1671(1991).10.1002/app.1991.070420622Search in Google Scholar

49 Upadhyay, R. K., Isayev, A. I.: J. Rheology28(5), p. 581(1984).10.1122/1.549763Search in Google Scholar

50 Krigbaum, W. R., Roe, R. J.: J. Polym. Sci., Part A2(10), p.4391(1964).Search in Google Scholar

51 Rietsch, F.: Europ. Polym. J.21(9), p. 793(1985).10.1016/0014-3057(85)90154-5Search in Google Scholar

52 Hoffman, J. D.: SPE Transactions4(4), p. 315(1964).10.1002/pen.760040413Search in Google Scholar

53 Alfonso, G. C., Grimaldi, D., Turturro, A.: Conv. Ital. Sci. Macromol., p. 144(1977).Search in Google Scholar

54 Nakamura, K., Katayama, K., Amano, T.: J. Appl. Polym. Sci.17(4), p. 1031(1973).10.1002/app.1973.070170404Search in Google Scholar

55 Nakamura, K., Watanabe, T., Katayama, K., Amano, T.: J. Appl. Polym. Sci.16(5), p. 1077(1972).10.1002/app.1972.070160503Search in Google Scholar

56 Hannay, N. B.: Treatise on Solid State Chemistry, Vol. 3: Crystalline and Noncrystalline Solids, p. 774(1976).Search in Google Scholar

57 Dunning, W. J.: Trans. Faraday Soc.50, p. 1115(1954).10.1039/tf9545001115Search in Google Scholar

58 Guo, J., Narh, K. A.: Adv. in Polym. Tech.21(3), p. 214(2002).10.1002/adv.10022Search in Google Scholar

59 Ziabicki, A., in: Fundamentals of Fiber Formation. Wiley-Interscience, New York(1976).Search in Google Scholar

60 Zieminski, K. F., Spruiell, J. E.: J. Appl. Polym. Sci.35, p.2223(1988).10.1002/app.1988.070350822Search in Google Scholar

61 Patel, R. M., J.Bheda, J. H.Bheda, Spruiell, J. E.: J. Appl. Polym. Sci.42, p.1671(1991).10.1002/app.1991.070420622Search in Google Scholar

62 Gregory, D. R., Watson, M. T.: J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Symp.30, p.399(1970).Search in Google Scholar

63 Mendelson, R. A.: Trans. Soc. Rheol.9(1), p. 53(1965).10.1122/1.549006Search in Google Scholar

64 Van Antwerpen, F., Van Krevelen, D. W.: J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed.10(12), p. 2423(1972).Search in Google Scholar

65 Gregory, D. R.: Trans. Soc. Rheol.17(1), p. 191(1973).10.1122/1.549321Search in Google Scholar

66 Catalog of the fiber grade PET polymer in KOLON Ltd.Search in Google Scholar

67 Ziabicki, A., Kedzierska, K.: J. Appl. Polym. Sci.6, p. 111(1962).10.1002/app.1962.070061913Search in Google Scholar

68 George, H. H.: Polym. Eng. Sci.22(5), p. 292(1982).10.1002/pen.760220505Search in Google Scholar

69 Shimizu, J., Okui, N.: Sen'i Gakkaishi39(11), p. T445(1983).10.2115/fiber.39.11_T445Search in Google Scholar

70 Ziabicki, A.: Sen'i Gakkaishi38(9), p. 409(1982).10.2115/fiber.38.9_P409Search in Google Scholar

71 Huisman, R., Heuvel, H. M., Van den Heuvel, C. J. M.: Indian J. Fibre & Textile Resear.16(1), p. 7(1991).Search in Google Scholar

72 Hardley, D. W., Ward, I. M.: Mechanical properties in encyclopedia of polymer science and engineering. John Wiley & Sons, New York(1989).Search in Google Scholar

73 Young, R. J., Lovell, P. A.: Introduction to polymers. Chapman and Hall, London(1991).10.1007/978-1-4899-3176-4Search in Google Scholar

74 Dauveny, R. P., Bunn, C. W., Brown, C. J.: Proc. Roy Soc. (London)226, p.531(1954).10.1098/rspa.1954.0273Search in Google Scholar

75 Perry, R. H.: Perry chemical engineer's handbook(1984).Search in Google Scholar

76 Mehta, A., Gaur, U., Wunderlich, B.: J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed., 16(2), p. 289(1978).10.1002/pol.1978.180160209Search in Google Scholar

77 Van Krevelen, D. W.: Properties of polymers. Elsevier, Amsterdam(1990).Search in Google Scholar

78 Chan, T. W., Isayev, A. I.: Polym. Eng. Sci.34(6), p. 461(1994).10.1002/pen.760340602Search in Google Scholar

79 Gupta, V. B., Kumar, S.: J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed.17(8), p. 1307(1979).Search in Google Scholar

80 Doufas, A. K., McHugh, A. J.: J. Rheol.45(2), p. 403(2001).10.1122/1.1349712Search in Google Scholar

Received: 2005-12-04
Accepted: 2005-12-17
Published Online: 2013-03-01
Published in Print: 2006-03-01

© 2006, Hanser Publishers, Munich

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Contents
  2. Contents
  3. Editorial
  4. Dedication of the Special Issue of International Polymer Processing in Honor of Prof. James Lindsay White, Editor Emeritus and Founding Editor
  5. Invited Papers
  6. Melt Compounding of Polymeric Nanocomposites
  7. Experiments and Analysis of Effect of Calender Gaps on Melting of PVC Powders in an Intermeshing Counter-rotating Twin-screw Extruder
  8. Quantitative Analysis for Polymer Degradation in the Extrusion Process
  9. Visualization of Flow Instabilities for High Density Polyethylene
  10. Heat Transfer through Metal Walls of Finite Thickness
  11. Simulation and Experimental Verification of Crystallization and Birefringence in Melt Spinning of PET
  12. Structural Development and Properties of Melt Spun Poly(butylene succinate) and Poly(butylene terephthalate-co-succinate-co-adipate) Biodegradable Fibers
  13. External Calibration in PA12 Tube Extrusion
  14. Tubular Film Extrusion Stability of Metallocene Linear Low Density Polyethylene
  15. Multilayer Barrier Film of Biaxially Oriented PA6/EVOH by Double Bubble Tubular Film Process
  16. PPS News
  17. PPS News
  18. Seikei-Kakou Abstracts
  19. Seikei-Kakou Abstracts
https://doi.org/10.3139/217.0058

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Contents
  2. Contents
  3. Editorial
  4. Dedication of the Special Issue of International Polymer Processing in Honor of Prof. James Lindsay White, Editor Emeritus and Founding Editor
  5. Invited Papers
  6. Melt Compounding of Polymeric Nanocomposites
  7. Experiments and Analysis of Effect of Calender Gaps on Melting of PVC Powders in an Intermeshing Counter-rotating Twin-screw Extruder
  8. Quantitative Analysis for Polymer Degradation in the Extrusion Process
  9. Visualization of Flow Instabilities for High Density Polyethylene
  10. Heat Transfer through Metal Walls of Finite Thickness
  11. Simulation and Experimental Verification of Crystallization and Birefringence in Melt Spinning of PET
  12. Structural Development and Properties of Melt Spun Poly(butylene succinate) and Poly(butylene terephthalate-co-succinate-co-adipate) Biodegradable Fibers
  13. External Calibration in PA12 Tube Extrusion
  14. Tubular Film Extrusion Stability of Metallocene Linear Low Density Polyethylene
  15. Multilayer Barrier Film of Biaxially Oriented PA6/EVOH by Double Bubble Tubular Film Process
  16. PPS News
  17. PPS News
  18. Seikei-Kakou Abstracts
  19. Seikei-Kakou Abstracts
Sign up now to receive a 20% welcome discount
Institutional Access
How does access work?
Have an idea on how to improve our website?
Please write us.
© 2025 De Gruyter Brill
Downloaded on 6.9.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.3139/217.0058/pdf
Scroll to top button