Startseite Technik Thermodynamic simulation of the Bayer process
Artikel
Lizenziert
Nicht lizenziert Erfordert eine Authentifizierung

Thermodynamic simulation of the Bayer process

  • Erich Königsberger
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 1. März 2013
Veröffentlichen auch Sie bei De Gruyter Brill
Manuskript einreichen Informationen für Autor*innen
International Journal of Materials Research
Aus der Zeitschrift International Journal of Materials Research Band 99 Heft 2

Abstract

The Gibbs energy minimiser incorporated in the thermodynamic subroutine library ChemApp and a thermodynamically consistent, ten-component Bayer liquor model were applied to a simulation of the Bayer process employed worldwide for the refining of alumina from bauxite ores. As well as the liquor cycle from digestion, clarification, precipitation, evaporation and back to digestion (including flash cooling and heating steps), calcination to alumina in a circulating fluid bed furnace was simulated. The present study not only covers temperature and concentration ranges from boehmite digestion to gibbsite precipitation, it also permits exploration of boehmite precipitation as a potential energy saving modification of the process. Furthermore, the simulation is able to predict the accumulation and precipitation of undesirable impurities in various stages of the liquor circuit. It also identifies possible reductions in the overall energy consumption of the Bayer process.

Keywords:: Process simulation; ChemApp, Bayer liquors; Pitzer model; Solubility; Energy balance
2 Correspondence address: Dr. Erich Königsberger, Chemistry, Murdoch University, Murdoch WA 6150, Australia, Tel.: +61 8 9360 2301, Fax: +61 8 9310 1711. E-mail:

Dedicated to Dr. Gunnar Eriksson on the occasion of his 65th birthday

References

[1] L.K.Hudson, in: A.R.Burkin (Ed.), Production of Aluminium and Alumina, Critical Reports on Applied Chemistry, Vol. 20, Wiley, New York(1987)11.Suche in Google Scholar

[2] E.Königsberger, G.Eriksson, P.M.May, G.Hefter: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.44(2005)5805.10.1021/ie050024kSuche in Google Scholar

[3] K.S.Pitzer, in: K.S.Pitzer (Ed.), Activity Coefficients in Electrolyte Solutions, 2nd Edn., CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA(1991)75.Suche in Google Scholar

[4] E.Königsberger, S.Bevis, G.Hefter, P.M.May: J. Chem. Eng. Data50(2005)1270.10.1021/je0500126Suche in Google Scholar

[5] E.Königsberger, P.M.May, G.Hefter: Monatsh. Chem.137(2006)1139.10.1007/s00706-006-0526-9Suche in Google Scholar

[6] E.Königsberger, G.Hefter, P.M.May, in: T.M.Letcher (Ed.), Developments and Applications in Solubility, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK(2007)236.10.1039/9781847557681-00236Suche in Google Scholar

[7] E.Königsberger, G.Eriksson: CALPHAD19(1995)207.10.1016/0364-5916(95)00021-6Suche in Google Scholar

[8] C.W.Bale, P.Chartrand, S.A.Decterov, G.Eriksson, K.Hack, R.Ben Mahfoud, J.Melançon, A.D.Pelton, S.Petersen: CALPHAD62(2002)189.10.1016/S0364-5916(02)00035-4Suche in Google Scholar

[9] S.Petersen, K.Hack: Int. J. Mat. Res.98(2007)935.10.3139/146.101551Suche in Google Scholar

[10] E.Königsberger, G.Eriksson: J. Solution Chem.28(1999)721.10.1023/A:1021768011887Suche in Google Scholar

[11] A.R.Hind, S.K.Bhargava, S.C.Grocott: Colloids Surf. A146(1999)359.10.1016/S0927-7757(98)00798-5Suche in Google Scholar

[12] V.Hartmann, L.Guzman, O.Hennequin, A.Carruthers, M.Missalla, H.-W.Schmidt: Light Metals(2006)125.Suche in Google Scholar

[13] R.Den Hond, I.Hiralal, A.Rijkeboer: Light Metals(2007)37.Suche in Google Scholar

[14] J.Loh, C.Vernon, M.Loan, G.Brodie: Light Metals(2005)203.Suche in Google Scholar

[15] C.Skoufadis, D.Panias, I.Paspaliaris: Hydrometallurgy68(2003)57.10.1016/S0304-386X(02)00165-2Suche in Google Scholar

[16] D.J.Wilson, A.A.Aboagye, C.A.Heath, S.P.Rosenberg, W.Tichbon, C.R.Whitaker, in: Proceedings of the 6th International Alumina Quality Workshop, Brisbane, Australia(2002)281.Suche in Google Scholar

[17] W.T.Choate, J.A.S.Green: U.S. Energy Requirements for Aluminum Production: Historical Perspective, Theoretical Limits and New Opportunities, Report for the U.S. Department of Energy(2003).Suche in Google Scholar

[18] Energy efficiency best practice in the Australian aluminium industry: Summary report, Commonwealth of Australia(2000).Suche in Google Scholar

[19] Alumina Technology Roadmap, AMIRA International(2001).Suche in Google Scholar

Received: 2007-06-15
Accepted: 2007-11-20
Published Online: 2013-03-01
Published in Print: 2008-02-01

© 2008, Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Contents
  2. Contents
  3. Editorial
  4. IJMR wishes all its readers and contributors a belated Happy New Year
  5. Basic
  6. Experimental study of the phase relations in the Fe–Zn–Cr system at 600°C
  7. Thermodynamic description of the ternary Pd–Sn–Zn system
  8. The morphology of nitrided iron–chromium alloys; influence of chromium content and nitrogen supersaturation
  9. The surface tension and density of Ag–Bi–Sn alloys
  10. Density and thermal expansion of liquid binary Al–Ag and Al–Cu alloys
  11. Hardening precipitation and mechanical properties in new Mg–Mn–Y–Gd alloys
  12. On recrystallization texture formation in polycrystalline fcc alloys with low stacking fault energies
  13. A numerical study of grain size effects on the strength and elongation of Al polycrystals using strain gradient plasticity theory
  14. Applied
  15. Thermodynamic simulation of the Bayer process
  16. The anisotropy of deformation for friction stir processed Mg alloy due to the existence of onion rings
  17. A study of the Si-phase growth mechanismin thixocast (A356) alloy during hot deformation
  18. Study of hydrogen absorption of aluminum melt
  19. Modelling of work-hardening behaviour for laser welded magnesium alloy
  20. Tribological behavior of short carbon fiber or hybrid with SiCp reinforced Al alloy composites
  21. Elevated temperature compressive behavior of Nb-22Ti-16Si-7Cr-3Al-3Ta-2Hf alloy with minor Ho addition
  22. Notifications
  23. News
https://doi.org/10.3139/146.101624
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
Process simulation; ChemApp, Bayer liquors; Pitzer model; Solubility; Energy balance

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Contents
  2. Contents
  3. Editorial
  4. IJMR wishes all its readers and contributors a belated Happy New Year
  5. Basic
  6. Experimental study of the phase relations in the Fe–Zn–Cr system at 600°C
  7. Thermodynamic description of the ternary Pd–Sn–Zn system
  8. The morphology of nitrided iron–chromium alloys; influence of chromium content and nitrogen supersaturation
  9. The surface tension and density of Ag–Bi–Sn alloys
  10. Density and thermal expansion of liquid binary Al–Ag and Al–Cu alloys
  11. Hardening precipitation and mechanical properties in new Mg–Mn–Y–Gd alloys
  12. On recrystallization texture formation in polycrystalline fcc alloys with low stacking fault energies
  13. A numerical study of grain size effects on the strength and elongation of Al polycrystals using strain gradient plasticity theory
  14. Applied
  15. Thermodynamic simulation of the Bayer process
  16. The anisotropy of deformation for friction stir processed Mg alloy due to the existence of onion rings
  17. A study of the Si-phase growth mechanismin thixocast (A356) alloy during hot deformation
  18. Study of hydrogen absorption of aluminum melt
  19. Modelling of work-hardening behaviour for laser welded magnesium alloy
  20. Tribological behavior of short carbon fiber or hybrid with SiCp reinforced Al alloy composites
  21. Elevated temperature compressive behavior of Nb-22Ti-16Si-7Cr-3Al-3Ta-2Hf alloy with minor Ho addition
  22. Notifications
  23. News
Jetzt anmelden und 20% sparen
Institutioneller Zugang
Wie funktioniert Authentifizierung?
Haben Sie eine Idee, wie wir unsere Website verbessern können?
Bitte schreiben Sie uns.
© 2025 De Gruyter Brill
Heruntergeladen am 24.12.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.3139/146.101624/html?lang=de
Button zum nach oben scrollen