A study on empirical systematic for the (d,n) reaction cross sections at 8.6 MeV
-
M. Yiğit
und E. Tel
Abstract
Recently, many formalizations have been developed to explain some reaction mechanisms such as neutron or proton induced reactions. In this study, (d, n) reaction mechanism was investigated developing the cross-section systematic formula. The (d, n) cross sections at 8.6 MeV deuteron energy have been calculated using these formula for some target nuclei (A = 10∼123). The cross sections calculated are important for the development of fusion reactor technology. Obtained calculation results from the formula have been also compared and discussed with results calculated by the codes ALICE/ASH (equilibrium and pre-equilibrium theories) and TENDL-2012 (Talys-based), and with results of available experimental values. It is shown, that the suggested empirical equation at the 8.6 MeV deuteron energy works very well for a quick estimation of (d, n) nuclear cross sections.
Kurzfassung
In letzter Zeit wurden eine Reihe von Formalisierungen entwickelt um einige Reaktionsmechanismen, wie zurm Beispiel Neutronen- oder Protonenmechanismen zu erklären. In dieser Studie wurden (d, n) Reaktionsmechanismen untersucht durch Anwendung weiterentwickelter Wirkungsquerschnittsformeln. Die Wirkungsquerschnitte von (d, n) Kernreaktionen bei 8.6 MeV Deuteronenenergie wurden mit Hilfe dieser Formeln für einige Targetkerne (A = 10∼123) berechnet. Diese Wirkungsquerschnitte sind wichtig für die Weiterentwicklung der Fusionsreaktortechnologie. Die erhaltenen Rechenergebnisse wurden verglichen und diskutiert mit Ergebnissen, die mittels der Codes ALICE/ASH und TENDL-2012 erhalten wurden so wie mit verfügbaren experimentellen Werten. Es zeigte sich, dass die vorgeschlagene empirische Gleichung für eine schnelle Abschätzung der Wirkungsquerschnitte von (d, n) Kernreaktionen bei 8.6 MeV Deuteronenenergie geeignet ist.
References
1 Yiğit, M.; Tel, E.: Nuclear model calculation for production of 18F, 22Na, 44,46Sc, 54Mn, 64Cu, 68Ga, 76Br and 90Y radionuclides used in medical applications. Annals of Nuclear Energy69 (2014) 44–5010.1016/j.anucene.2014.01.036Suche in Google Scholar
2 Tel, E. et al.: Cross sections calculations of (d,t) nuclear reactions up to 50 MeV. J. Fusion Energy32 (2013) 273–27710.1007/s10894-012-9550-4Suche in Google Scholar
3 Yiğit, M. et al.: Deuteron induced (d,p) and (d,2p) nuclear reactions up to 50 MeV. J. Fusion Energy32 (2013) 362–37010.1007/s10894-012-9579-4Suche in Google Scholar
4 Yiğit, M. et al.: Calculations of proton emission cross sections in deuteron induced reactions of some fusion structural materials. J. Fusion Energy32 (2013) 317–32110.1007/s10894-012-9569-6Suche in Google Scholar
5 Yiğit, M.; Tel, E.: Theoretical study of deuteron induced reactions on 6,7Li, 9Be and 19F targets. Kerntechnik79 (2014) 63–69. 10.3139/124.110394Suche in Google Scholar
6 Amar, A.; El Sayed, A. R.: An Analysis of 7Li(d,t)6Li Reaction, Adv. Studies Theor. Phys.8 (2014) 11–1910.12988/astp.2014.39105Suche in Google Scholar
7 Goyal, S. L.; Pratibha, G.: Empirical relation and establishment of shell effects in (n,2n) reaction cross-sections at 14 MeV. Pramana72 (2009) 35510.1007/s12043-009-0031-xSuche in Google Scholar
8 Griffin, J. J.: Statistical Model of Intermediate Structure. Phys. Rev. Lett.17 (1966) 47810.1103/PhysRevLett.17.478Suche in Google Scholar
9 Tel, E. et al.: Investigation of coulomb and pairing effects using new developed empirical formulas for proton-induced reaction cross sections. Phys. of Atomic Nuclei73 (2010) 412–41910.1134/S1063778810030038Suche in Google Scholar
10 Konobeyev, A. Yu.; Korovin, Yu. A.: Semi-empirical systematics of (n,p) reaction cross-sections at the energy of 14.5 MeV. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B103 (1995) 15–2210.1016/0168-583X(95)00515-3Suche in Google Scholar
11 Broeders, C. H. M.; Konobeyev, A. Yu.: Semi-empirical systematics of (n,p) reaction cross-section at 14.5, 20, and 30 MeV. Nucl. Phys. A780 (2006) 130–14510.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.09.015Suche in Google Scholar
12 Broeders, C. H. M.; Konobeyev, A. Yu.: Semi-empirical systematics of (n,3He) reaction cross-section at 14.6 and 20 MeV. Appl. Radiat. and Isot.65 (2007) 454–45710.1016/j.apradiso.2006.09.004Suche in Google Scholar
13 Ait-Tahar, S.: The systematics of (n,p) cross sections for 14 MeV neutrons. J. Phys. G: Nucl. Phys.13 (1987) 121–12510.1088/0305-4616/13/7/002Suche in Google Scholar
14 Levkovskii, V. N.: Empirical Behavior of the (n,p) Cross Section for 14–15 MeV Neutrons. Soviet Phys. JETP18 (1964) 213–217Suche in Google Scholar
15 Yiğit, M.; Tel, E.: Cross section systematics of (d,p) reactions at 8.5 MeV. Nuclear Engineering and Design (2014) in press 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2014.09.018Suche in Google Scholar
16 Tel, E. et al.: A new empirical formula for 14–15 MeV neutron-induced (n, p) reaction cross sections. J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.29 (2003) 2169–217710.1088/0954-3899/29/9/311Suche in Google Scholar
17 Tel, E. et al.: Investigation of the pairing effect using newly evaluated empirical studies for 14–15 MeV neutron reaction cross sections. Phys. Rev. C75 (2007) 03461410.1103/PhysRevC.75.034614Suche in Google Scholar
18 Belgaid, M.; Asghar, M.: Semi-empirical systematics of (n,α) cross sections for 14.5 MeV neutrons. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B149 (1999) 383–38910.1016/S0168-583X(98)00975-6Suche in Google Scholar
19 Kadem, F. et al.: Systematics studies of (n,α) reaction cross sections at 14.5 MeV neutrons energy. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B266 (2008) 3213–322010.1016/j.nimb.2008.03.216Suche in Google Scholar
20 Belgaid, M. et al.: Semi-empirical systematics of (n,t) cross-sections for 14.5 MeV neutrons. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B201 (2003) 54510.1016/S0168-583X(02)02071-2Suche in Google Scholar
21 Tel, E., et al.: Application of asymmetry depending empirical formulas for (p,nα) reaction cross-sections at 24.8 and 28.5 MeV incident energies. Appl Radiat. and Isot.67 (2009) 272–27610.1016/j.apradiso.2008.11.001Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
22 Tel, E. et al.: Newly developed semi-empirical formulas for (p,α) at 17.9 MeV and (p,np) at 22.3 MeV reaction cross-sections. Pramana74 (2010) 931–94310.1007/s12043-010-0085-9Suche in Google Scholar
23 Broeders, C.H.M. et al.: ALICE/ASH-code manual, FZK 7183, May 2006Suche in Google Scholar
24 Koning, A. J. et al.: TENDL-2012: TALYS-based Evaluated Nuclear Data Library, http://www.talys.eu/tendl-2012/Suche in Google Scholar
25 Experimental Nuclear Reaction Data (EXFOR)http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/exfor/exfor.htmSuche in Google Scholar
26 Weisskopf, V.: Statistics and Nuclear Reactions. Phys. Rev.52 (1937) 29510.1103/PhysRev.52.295Suche in Google Scholar
27 Blann, M.; Vonach, H. K.: Global test of modified pre-compound decay models. Phys. Rev. C.28 (1983) 147510.1103/PhysRevC.28.1475Suche in Google Scholar
28 Blann, M.: Hybrid Model for pre-equilibrium decay in nuclear reactions. Phys. Rev. Lett.27 (1971) 33710.1103/PhysRevLett.27.1550Suche in Google Scholar
29 Weisskopf, V. F.; Ewing, D. H.: On the yield of nuclear reactions with heavy elements. Phys. Rev.57 (1940) 47210.1103/PhysRev.57.472Suche in Google Scholar
30 Pai, H. L. et al.: Statistical-model calculations of (n,p) cross sections using shell-independent parameters. Nucl. Phys. A164 (1971) 526–54410.1016/0375-9474(71)90777-9Suche in Google Scholar
31 Pai, H. L.; Andrews, D.G.: Empirical formulas for 14 MeV (n,p) cross sections. Can. J. Phys.56 (1978) 94410.1139/p78-126Suche in Google Scholar
32 WestJr, H. I. et al.: Excitation Functions for the Nuclear Reactions on Titanium Leading to the Production of 48V, 44Sc, and 47Sc by Proton, Deuteron and Triton Irradiations at 0–35 MeV. Report: U.C., Lawrence Rad. Lab. (Berkeley and Livermore) No.115738, (3) (1993) p. 1Suche in Google Scholar
33 Chen, K. L.; Miller, J. M.: Comparison between reactions of alpha particles with Scandium-45 and deuterons with Titanium-47. Phys. Rev.134 (1964) 126910.1103/PhysRev.134.B1269Suche in Google Scholar
34 Coetzee, P. P.; Peisach, M.: Activation cross sections for deuteron-induced reactions on some elements of the first transition series up to 5.5 MeV. Radiochimica Acta17 (1972) 110.1524/ract.1972.17.1.1Suche in Google Scholar
35 Cogneau, M. et al.: Absolute cross sections and excitation functions for deuteron-induced reactions on the nickel isotopes between 2 and 12 MeV. Nuclear Physics A99 (1967) 686–69410.1016/0375-9474(67)90379-XSuche in Google Scholar
36 Anders, B. et al.: Excitation functions of nuclear reactions producing 11C. Zeitschrift für Physik A Atoms and Nuclei, 301 (1981) 353–36110.1007/BF01421701Suche in Google Scholar
37 Williams, D. C.; Irvine, J. W.: Nuclear Excitation Functions and Thick-Target Yields: Zn+d and Ar40(d,α). Phys. Rev.130 (1963) 265–27110.1103/PhysRev.130.265Suche in Google Scholar
38 Otozai, K. et al.: Excitation functions for deuteron-induced reactions. Nucl. Phys. A107 (1968) 427–43510.1016/0375-9474(68)90630-1Suche in Google Scholar
39 Scholten, B. et al.: Excitation functions of deuteron induced nuclear reactions on enriched 78Kr with particular relevance to the production of 76Br. Radiochimica Acta92 (2004) 203–20710.1524/ract.92.4.203.35599Suche in Google Scholar
40 Dóczi, R. et al.: Possibility of production of 81Rb via 80Kr(d,n) reaction at a small cyclotron. Radiochimica Acta88 (2000) 13510.1524/ract.2000.88.3-4.135Suche in Google Scholar
41 Aleksandrov, Ju. A., et al.: Excitation functions for the ground states of Tc-95 and Tc-94 for (d,n) and (d,2n) reactions. Izv. Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk, Ser. Fiz.39 (1975) 2127Suche in Google Scholar
42 Randa, Z.; Svoboda, K.: Excitation Functions and Yields of (d,n) and (d,2n) Reactions on Natural Molybdenum. Jour. of Inorganic and Nucl. Chemist.38 (1976) 2289–229510.1016/0022-1902(76)80213-8Suche in Google Scholar
43 Hermanne, A. et al.: Experimental cross sections for charged particle production of the therapeutic radionuclide 111Ag and its PET imaging analogue 104 m,gAg. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B217 (2004) 193–20110.1016/j.nimb.2003.09.038Suche in Google Scholar
44 Takács, S. et al.: Excitation function of 122Te(d,n)123I nuclear reaction: production of 123I at a low energy cyclotron. Appl. Radiat. and Isot.50 (1999) 535–54010.1016/S0969-8043(98)00059-1Suche in Google Scholar
45 Scholten, B. et al.: Excitation functions of deuteron induced reactions on 123Te: Relevance to the production of 123I and 124I at low and medium sized cyclotrons. Appl. Radiat. and Isot.48 (1997) 267–27110.1016/S0969-8043(96)00149-2Suche in Google Scholar
© 2014, Carl Hanser Verlag, München
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Contents/Inhalt
- Contents
- Summaries/Kurzfassungen
- Summaries
- Technical Contributions/Fachbeiträge
- Evaluated gas production cross-section data for natural titanium irradiated with protons at energies up to 3 GeV
- Investigation of (n,γ) reaction in hybrid reactor zones
- Burnup analysis of the VVER-1000 reactor using thorium-based fuel
- Equivalent thermal conductivity of the storage basket with spent nuclear fuel of VVER-1000 reactors
- A study on empirical systematic for the (d,n) reaction cross sections at 8.6 MeV
- Recursive solutions for multi-group neutron kinetics diffusion equations in homogeneous three-dimensional rectangular domains with time dependent perturbations
- Thermoluminescent characteristics of nano-structure hydroxyapatite:Dy
- Performance evaluation of anion exchange resins Purolite NRW-5050 and Duolite A-611 by application of radioisotopic techniques
- A binary mixed integer coded genetic algorithm for multi-objective optimization of nuclear research reactor fuel reloading
- Development of an educational nuclear research reactor simulator
- Technical Notes/Technische Mitteilungen
- Obtaining the neutronic and thermal hydraulic parameters of the VVER-1000 Bushehr nuclear reactor core by coupling nuclear codes
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Contents/Inhalt
- Contents
- Summaries/Kurzfassungen
- Summaries
- Technical Contributions/Fachbeiträge
- Evaluated gas production cross-section data for natural titanium irradiated with protons at energies up to 3 GeV
- Investigation of (n,γ) reaction in hybrid reactor zones
- Burnup analysis of the VVER-1000 reactor using thorium-based fuel
- Equivalent thermal conductivity of the storage basket with spent nuclear fuel of VVER-1000 reactors
- A study on empirical systematic for the (d,n) reaction cross sections at 8.6 MeV
- Recursive solutions for multi-group neutron kinetics diffusion equations in homogeneous three-dimensional rectangular domains with time dependent perturbations
- Thermoluminescent characteristics of nano-structure hydroxyapatite:Dy
- Performance evaluation of anion exchange resins Purolite NRW-5050 and Duolite A-611 by application of radioisotopic techniques
- A binary mixed integer coded genetic algorithm for multi-objective optimization of nuclear research reactor fuel reloading
- Development of an educational nuclear research reactor simulator
- Technical Notes/Technische Mitteilungen
- Obtaining the neutronic and thermal hydraulic parameters of the VVER-1000 Bushehr nuclear reactor core by coupling nuclear codes