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Condensation induced water hammer – overview and own experiments

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Published/Copyright: April 19, 2013
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Kerntechnik
From the journal Kerntechnik Volume 77 Issue 2

Abstract

A condensation induced water hammer is a severe effect that has caused damages and even fatalities worldwide. This effect is not limited to the nuclear industry only. Generally it can occur in every pipe that contains water and steam (two-phase-flow). To date many experiments were executed to study this phenomenon and to validate existing water hammer codes. But theoretically versus measured results show a very high degree of deviation. Information about those experiments was obtained by literature review. This information is presented additionally to a test facility, which has been developed in order to generate water hammers. The test device is introduced in this paper and its main functions are briefly explained.

In contrast to other experiments, water hammers at the UniBw are performed under controlled conditions. Air in water is a disruptive parameter that causes vigorous deviations between the theoretical system code and the experimental measurements. As in the test device presented in this paper, deionised water without air is used, this effect is ruled out. Furthermore the inception of a water hammer is controlled by a scientist. The experimental results will characterise the dynamic response of the test device as a function of system pressure, filling degree and sub-cooling.

Kurzfassung

Ein Druckstoß bedingt durch schlagartige Kondensation wird als Kondensationsstoß oder Wasserschlag bezeichnet. Dieser Effekt hat bereits weltweit ernste Schäden verursacht, bedauerlicherweise sogar Todesfälle. Grundsätzlich kann sich in jedem Rohr, welches Dampf und Wasser führt (Zweiphasenströmung), ein solcher Kondensationsstoß ereignen. Bis heute gab es viele Untersuchungen zu diesem Phänomen, um existierende Berechnungscodes zu validieren. Jedoch zeigen theoretische Prognosen und gemessene Druckstöße eine erhebliche Abweichung. Aus der Literatur wurden Informationen zu den Anlagen, die hier angesprochen werden, gesammelt. Diese Daten werden zusammen mit einer neuen Anlage präsentiert, die an der UniBw geplant und gebaut wird. Die wesentlichen Merkmale und Funktionen der neuen Anlage an der UniBw werden erläutert. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Versuchsständen ist es geplant, Experimente an der UniBw unter konstanten Bedingungen durchzuführen. Vorhandene Luft in Wasser ist z.B. ein Parameter, der erhebliche Abweichungen zwischen Theorie und Messwerten verursacht. Bei der UniBw Anlage wird demineralisiertes Wasser (Deinoat) ohne Luft verwendet, womit der schädliche Einfluss der Luft auf die Abweichungen eliminiert wird. Des Weiteren wird durch die Merkmale der UniBw Versuchsanlage der Beginn des Kondensationsstoßes manuell ausgelöst. Die experimentellen Daten beschreiben die dynamische Reaktion des Versuchsstandes in Abhängigkeit vom Systemdrucks, Füllungs- sowie Unterkühlungsgrad.

References

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Received: 2011-12-15
Published Online: 2013-04-19
Published in Print: 2012-05-01

© 2012, Carl Hanser Verlag, München

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Contents/Inhalt
  2. Contents
  3. Summaries/Kurzfassungen
  4. Summaries
  5. Editorial
  6. Pressure Surges in Nuclear Power Plants – selected contributions for the homonymous mini-symposium of the NURETH-14 in Toronto
  7. Technical Contributions/Fachbeiträge
  8. Maintaining competence in nuclear safety and waste management research by BMBF
  9. Computational models to dertermine fluiddynamical transients due to condensation induced water hammer (CIWH)
  10. Condensation-induced water hammer in a horizontal pipe
  11. Slug modeling with 1D two-fluid model
  12. Delayed equilibrium model and validation experiments for two-phase choked flows relevant to LOCA
  13. Tripartite mass transfer model: development, implementation in DYVRO, verification and validation
  14. Condensation induced water hammer – overview and own experiments
  15. A discussion of hyperbolicity in CATHENA 4: Virtual Mass and phase-to-interface pressure differences
  16. Pressure surge in Wendelstein 7-X experimental stellarator facility
  17. Condensation induced water hammer and steam assisted gravity drainage in the Athabasca oil sands
https://doi.org/10.3139/124.110242

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Contents/Inhalt
  2. Contents
  3. Summaries/Kurzfassungen
  4. Summaries
  5. Editorial
  6. Pressure Surges in Nuclear Power Plants – selected contributions for the homonymous mini-symposium of the NURETH-14 in Toronto
  7. Technical Contributions/Fachbeiträge
  8. Maintaining competence in nuclear safety and waste management research by BMBF
  9. Computational models to dertermine fluiddynamical transients due to condensation induced water hammer (CIWH)
  10. Condensation-induced water hammer in a horizontal pipe
  11. Slug modeling with 1D two-fluid model
  12. Delayed equilibrium model and validation experiments for two-phase choked flows relevant to LOCA
  13. Tripartite mass transfer model: development, implementation in DYVRO, verification and validation
  14. Condensation induced water hammer – overview and own experiments
  15. A discussion of hyperbolicity in CATHENA 4: Virtual Mass and phase-to-interface pressure differences
  16. Pressure surge in Wendelstein 7-X experimental stellarator facility
  17. Condensation induced water hammer and steam assisted gravity drainage in the Athabasca oil sands
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