Development of inflatable seals for the rotatable plugs of sodium cooled fast breeder reactors: a review – Part I: key areas

References

1 Sealing Technology: Inflatable seals for gas tight cleaning unit. 26 (1996) 1Search in Google Scholar

2 Warring, R. H.: Seals and sealing handbook. 2^nd ed.Brookfield, 1986Search in Google Scholar

3 Brown, M. W.: Seals and sealing handbook. 3^rd ed.Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 1990Search in Google Scholar

4 Le Joint Francais (LJF): a) Membramatic sealing, product catalogue, 1988, b) Fiche de characteristiques – N658, 95870 (extracts from LJF catalogue), 1976, c) Specification matiere pour joints conflables retractables “Membramatic”, Matiere N658, Specification controle 05 JGB 138042, 1978, d) Seals for nuclear power, product catalogue, 1983, e) Elastomer seals for nuclear energy, product catalogue, 10-72-207-an, LJF, 1972, f) Specification matiere pour joints conflables retractables “Membramatic”, Chloroprene BC 715 B 14 E 14 selon ASTM D2000, Specification matiere 05 JGB 138042, 1978, g) Fiche de characteristiques EP 7097, Indice Modif. 05 JGB 130745, 1995, h) Assembly and maintenance of inflatable seals, Technical note (03.1246), IGCAR translation No. RRC/TS/1/84, 1984. Bezons FranceSearch in Google Scholar

5 Cefilac: Inflatable seals Cefilair. product catalogue, Cefilac Joints Fargere, Cedex, FranceSearch in Google Scholar

6 Presray: Presray pneuma seal. Bulletin S-97, The Presray Corporation, NY, U.S.A., 1997Search in Google Scholar

7 Seal Master: Seal Master custom built inflatable seal. product catalogue, Seal Master Corporation, OH, U.S.A., 1994Search in Google Scholar

8 Paugh, B.; Sterry, K.: Designing with inflatable seals. Machine Design, 78 (2006) 98Search in Google Scholar

9 Dirusso, E.: Variable friction secondary seal for face seal. US PATENT 4580791, 1986Search in Google Scholar

10 Crawly, M. F.: Inflatable seat valves. Powder Handling and Processing5 (1993) 162Search in Google Scholar

11 Thimsons, E. D.; Kissell, F. N.: Using inflatable stoppings during production in noncoal mines. US Bur. Mines Rep. Invest, 1976Search in Google Scholar

12 Horky, G. J.: Inflatable sealed disk carrier. IBM technical disclosure25 (1983) 4151Search in Google Scholar

13 Levy, Y.; Paz, A.; Yosef, R. B.; Corn, B. W.; Vaisman, B.; Shuhat, S.; Domb, A. J.: Biodergradable inflatable balloon for reducing radiation adverse effects in prostate cancer. J. Biomed. Res. – Part B Appl. Biomat.91 (2009) 855Search in Google Scholar

14 Hauplik-Meusburger, S.; Sommer, B.; Aguzzi, M.: Inflatable technologies: adaptability from dream to reality. Acta Astronautica65 (2009) 841Search in Google Scholar

15 Selvaraj, A.: Seals for rotatable plugs. Internal note, PFBR/31340/DN/1001/R-B, IGCAR, 1988Search in Google Scholar

16 Chikazawa, Y.; Kotake, S.; Sawada, S.: Comparison of advanced fast reactor pool and loop configurations from the viewpoint of construction cost. Nucl. Eng. Des.241 (2011) 378Search in Google Scholar

17 Raghupathy, S.: Experience with rotatable plug seals. Internal note, PFBR/31340/DN/1005/R-A, IGCAR, 1995Search in Google Scholar

18 IAEA: Fast reactor database: 2006 update. IAEA-TECDOC-1531, IAEA, Vienna, 2006Search in Google Scholar

19 Chetal, S. C.; Balasubramaniyan, V.; Chellapandi, P.; Mohanakrishnan, P.; Puthiyavinayagam, P.; Pillai, C. P.; Raghupathy, S.; Shanmugam, T. K.; SivathanuPillai, C.: The design of the Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor. Nucl. Eng. Des.236 (2006) 852Search in Google Scholar

20 IAEA: Proc. Int. Symposium on Design, Construction and Operating Experience of Demonstration Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactors, Bologna, April 10–14, 1978, a) p. 451, b) p. 425Search in Google Scholar

21 Sinha, N. K.; Raj, Baldev: Development of polymeric applications for sodium cooled fast breeder reactors: chronicles of inception, progress and achievements. Nucl. Eng. Des.240 (2010) 2925Search in Google Scholar

22 ESG: Further examination of the pool type 1000 MWe LMFBR, Vol. 3, Appendix-E. EPRI-NP-881 (Vol. 3), ESG, CA, U.S.A., 1978Search in Google Scholar

23 Sinha, N. K.: Inflatable seal development in fast breeder and thermal reactors: a review. Internal note, TFDOE/TECHDOC/05, IGCAR, 1999Search in Google Scholar

24 Lions, N.; De Fremont, R.; Lemercier, G.: R & D in support of the 1500 MWe fast neutron reactor in the light of the experience gained on Super Phenix. 14eme Symposium Sur La Fusion Controlee, Avignon, September 8–12, 198610.1016/B978-1-4832-8376-0.50024-3Search in Google Scholar

25 IAEA: IWGFR 18^th Annual meeting, IWGFR/56, IAEA, Vienna, 1986, a) p. 94, b) p. 122, c) p. 153Search in Google Scholar

26 IAEA: IWGFR 19th Annual meeting, IWGFR/60, IAEA, Vienna, 1986, a) p. 102, b) p. 23Search in Google Scholar

27 Sinha, N. K.: Elastomers for Indian Fast Reactors: IGCAR and Defence join hands to realize indigenization. IGC News Letter44 (2000) 9Search in Google Scholar

28 Sinha, N. K.; Raj, Baldev: PFBR backup seal development. Nucl. Eng. Int. March (2011) 3610.1016/j.matdes.2011.11.050Search in Google Scholar

29 Sinha, N. K.; Mukhopadhyay, R.; Dhupia, D.; Das Gupta, S.; Raj, Baldev: Development of fluorocarbon rubber for backup seals of sodium cooled fast breeder reactor. J. Mater. Des.32 (2011) 5141Search in Google Scholar

30 Sinha, N. K.; Raj, Baldev: Unification of reactor elastomeric sealing based on material. Nucl. Eng. Des.243 (2012) 404Search in Google Scholar

31 Shaktawat, P. R.; Dhupia, D.; Adhikary, A.; Singh, R. K.; Sinha, N. K.: 2002. Performance evaluation of elastomeric inflatable seals based on FKM. Presented at Int. Conf. and Exhibition of Rubber and Allied Materials, New Delhi, November 28–30, 2002Search in Google Scholar

32 IGCAR: a) IGC Annual Report 2002 (2003), p. 58, b) IGC Annual Report 2004 (2005), p. 14, c) IGC Annual Report 2007 (2008), p. 22, d) IGC Annual Report 2008 (2009), p. 23. IGCAR, DAE, KalpakkamSearch in Google Scholar

33 Nema, S. K.; Kikani, P.; Raole, P. M.; Ganeshprasad, K. S.; Sinha, N. K.: Study of Teflon like films grown on steel and elastomer surfaces using RF plasma. Presented at National Symposium (IVS-NS)-2005, Indian Vacuum Society, Gandhinagar, November 16–18, 2005Search in Google Scholar

34 DAE. Towards reliable and indigenous polymer materials for application in Nuclear Power Plants (NPP). Atoms with Mission: A Golden Jubilee Commemorative Volume (1954–2004), 2006, p. 211Search in Google Scholar

35 John, P. I.: Commercial spin-off of fusion technologies. Nuclear India39 (2006) 24Search in Google Scholar

36 Sinha, N. K.: Teflon coating for nuclear applications. Plasma Processing Update, Golden Jubilee Issue, FCIPT, IPR, Gandhinagar, July 2006, p. 36Search in Google Scholar

37 Sinha, N. K.; Raj, Baldev: Optimization of material and production to develop fluoroelastomer inflatable seals for sodium cooled fast breeder reactor. Nucl. Eng. Des.241 (2011) 739Search in Google Scholar

38 Sinha, N. K.: Design, development, production, validation and performance of organic components to ensure safety of nuclear applications: a finite element analysis perspective. Thematic Volume evolved from Peacefulatom 2009: Reactor Systems and Applications, BARC, DAE, Mumbai, 2011, p. 131Search in Google Scholar

39 Sinha, N. K.; Ghosh, P.; Saha, A.; Mukhopadhyay, R.; Raj, Baldev; Chetal, S. C.: Design optimization of backup seal for sodium cooled fast breeder reactor. J. Mater. Des.36 (2012) 396Search in Google Scholar

40 Sinha, N. K.; Raj, Baldev: Basis of property limits for inflatable seal fluoroelastomers. Nucl. Eng. Des.244 (2012) 100Search in Google Scholar

41 Sinha, N. K.; Chetal, S. C.; Raj, Baldev: Simplification and unification of elastomeric sealing for fast breeder reactors based on Fluorohydrocarbon rubber. In: Mendez-Vilas, A. (ed.), Fuelling the Future: Advances in Science & Technology for Energy Generation, Transmission and Storage, Brown Walker Press, Boca Raton, 2012, p. 445Search in Google Scholar

42 Sinha, N. K.; Mukhopadhyay, R.; Raj, Baldev: Mechanical behavior of fluoroelastomer considering long term ageing. Nucl. Eng. Des.254 (2013) 89Search in Google Scholar

43 Sinha, N. K.; Chetal, S. C.; Raj, Baldev: Book of Abstracts, The Energy Materials Research Conference – EMR 2012, Torremolinos, Spain, June 20–22, 2012, a) p. 303, b) p. 306Search in Google Scholar

44 IWGFR: Technical committee meeting on aerosol formation, vapour deposits and sodium vapour trapping, summary report. IWGFR/15, IAEA, Vienna, 1977Search in Google Scholar

45 LIMET’88: Proc. 4^th Int. Conf. on Liquid Metal Engineering and Technology (LIMET’88), October 17–21, 1988, a) Tome 1, p. 114–1, b) Tome 1, p. 115-1, c) Tome 3, p. 714-1, d) Tome 1, p. 129-1Search in Google Scholar

46 Balasubramanian, V.; Ramesh, A.: Choice of cover gas, its pressure and height for the primary sodium system. Internal note, PFBR/32400/DN/1010/R-A, IGCAR, 1988Search in Google Scholar

47 Crette, J. P.: Review of Western European breeder programs. Energy23 (1998) 581Search in Google Scholar

48 Lefevre, J. C.; Mitchell, C. H.; Hubert, G.: European fast reactor design. Nucl. Eng. Des.162 (1996) 162Search in Google Scholar

49 IAEA: IWGFR-22nd Annual meeting, IWGFR/70, IAEA, Vienna, 1989, a) p. b) p. 15Search in Google Scholar

50 Klotz, C. E.; Miller, R. S.; Fischer, E. A.; Nims, J. B.; Palmr, R. G.; Winders, G. R.: The design of a 1000 MWe fast breeder reactor. Trans. ANS7/1 (1964) 196Search in Google Scholar

51 STLFRD: Proc. Int. Conf. on Sodium Technology and Large Fast Reactor Design (STLFRD), Illinois, November 7–9, 1968, ANL-7520 Part II, a) p. 169, b) p. 20, c) p. 269, d) p. 77, e) p. 130, f) p. 243Search in Google Scholar

52 IAEA: Proc. Int. Symposium on Progress in Sodium Cooled Fast Reactor Engineering, Monaco, March 23–27, 1970, a) p. 787, b) p. 139, c) p. 803, d) p. 77Search in Google Scholar

53 Richards, R. B.: Status of U. S. breeder programme. Proc. Int. Conf. on Breeder Reactor and Europe, Lucerne, October 14–17, 1979Search in Google Scholar

54 Marth, W.: New fast breeder reactor developments. Kerntechnik55 (1990) 7Search in Google Scholar

55 FRSM: Proc. 1990 Int. Fast Reactor Safety Meeting (FRSM), Utah, August 12–16, 1990, Vol. I, a) p. 45, b) p. 347, c) p. 1, d) p. 11Search in Google Scholar

56 Marth, W.; Koehler, M.: The German fast breeder program (a historical overview). Energy23 (1998) 593Search in Google Scholar

57 Sharbaugh, J. E.: A recommended design approach for breeder reactor cover gas seals. J. Eng. Power101 (1979) 647Search in Google Scholar

58 Taylor, J. J.: Fast breeder reactor development in the U.S.S.R. Combustion July (1972) 6Search in Google Scholar

59 Buksha, Y.: Status of sodium cooled fast reactor development in Russian Federation. XA0200813, Obninsk, 1996Search in Google Scholar

60 IAEA: Operational and decommissioning experience with fast reactors. Proc. Technical Meeting, Cadarache, March 11–15, 2002, IAEA-TECDOC-1405, Vienna, 2004Search in Google Scholar

61 Marth, W.: The story of the European fast reactor cooperation. KfK 5255 (Translation: Friese, R.), Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Karlsruhe, 1993Search in Google Scholar

62 Kurzeka, W. J.; Welch, F. H.: Permeation leakage and compression set testing of elastomeric seals for LMFBR use. AI-AEC-13146, Rockwell Inc., CA, U.S.A., April 1975Search in Google Scholar

63 RI: Quarterly technical progress report: sodium technology and cover gas seal development programs, Jul.-Sept. 1973. AI-AEC-13113, Rockwell Inc., CA, U.S.A., November 1973Search in Google Scholar

64 Broomfield, A. M.; Robertson, C. M.: Experience in the operation of liquid metal circuits in the UK Prototype Fast Reactor. Proc. 2^nd Int. Conf. on Liquid Metal Technology in Energy Production, Washington, April 20–24, 1980, p. 6–17Search in Google Scholar

65 Chetal, S. C.: Main safety criteria and design provisions of 500 MWe fast breeder reactor project. Proc. 1^st Indo-French Seminar on Fast Reactor Safety, Kalpakkam, May 11–13, 2005, p. 89Search in Google Scholar

66 McEdwards, J. A.; Brunings, J. E.; Matteras, J. L.; Sayles, W.: Selection of reactor cover gas seals and bearings for 1000 MW (e) LMFBR. Trans. ANS30 (1978) 579Search in Google Scholar

67 Marth, W.: Letter (Date: 3.7.97) from Marth W. (Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe) to Bhoje S. B., IGCAR. No. KNK-RUPP-17.6.97; IGCAR Translation No. IGC/GER/4/1997, 1997Search in Google Scholar

68 Parks, M. B.: Evaluation of leakage behaviour of inflatable seals subjected to severe accidental conditions; NUREG/CR-5394, 198910.2172/5382562Search in Google Scholar

69 Parks, M. B.: Performance of containment penetration under severe accidental loading. SAND-89-1631C, SNL, NM, U.S.A., 1989Search in Google Scholar

70 IIISteele, O. P.; Horton, P. H.: Cover gas seals: 26 cover gas seal components. Progress report, Oct.-Dec. 1977, DOE/SF/76026-T8, Atomics International Corp., CA, U.S.A., 197810.2172/6078838Search in Google Scholar

71 IIISteele, O. P.; HortonP.; Shimazaki, T.: Cover gas seals. Cover-gas-seal components. Progress report, Jan.-Mar. 1977, DOE/SF/71011-T8, Rockwell Inc., CA, U.S.A., 197710.2172/5663054Search in Google Scholar

72 Fanning, T. H.: Sodium as a fast reactor coolant. Topical Seminar Series on Sodium Fast Reactors, May 3, 2007Search in Google Scholar

73 IAEA: IWGFR-4^th Annual meeting, IWGFR/5–7 May/1971, IAEA, Vienna, 1971, a) p. 54, b) Appendix 4, p. 30Search in Google Scholar

74 IWGFR: 24^th AM. IWGFR/83, IAEA, Vienna, 1991Search in Google Scholar

75 IAEA: IWGFR-7th Annual meeting, Winfrith, March 18–20, 1974, a) p. 7, b) p. 105Search in Google Scholar

76 IAEA: Proc. Int. Symposium on Fast Breeder Reactors-Experience and Future Trends, Lyons, July 22–26, 1985, IAEA-SM-284Search in Google Scholar

77 IAEA: Liquid metal cooled reactors: experience in design and operation. IAEA-TECDOC-1569, IAEA, Vienna, 2007Search in Google Scholar

78 Finney, R. H.: Springy finite elements model elastomers. Machine Design, May (1986) 87Search in Google Scholar

79 Muller, H. K.; Nau, B. S.: Fluid sealing technology principles and applications. 1st ed., Marcel Dekker, NY, U.S.A., 1998Search in Google Scholar

80 Del Vecchio, R. J.: Tensile testing of elastomers. In: H.Patricial (ed.), Tensile Testing, ASM International, 1992, p. 135Search in Google Scholar

81 IAEA: IWGFR 11^th AM. IWGFR/24-2, IAEA, Vienna, 1978, a) p. 17, b) 81Search in Google Scholar

82 Horton, P. H.: LMFBR inflatable elastomeric seals: development and test history. DOE R & D report, Rockwell Inc., CA, U.S.A., 1980Search in Google Scholar

83 Babilas, C.: Use of elastomer seals as main sealing for rotating plugs. Siemens work package 060005 (AGT6-Reactor vessel, handling and auxiliaries), February 1989Search in Google Scholar

84 Babilas, C.: Investigations on the irradiation behavior of elastomer seals. Siemens work package 060006 (AGT6), January 1991Search in Google Scholar

85 Lagrange, M.: Phenix reactor block. Bulletined information, Scientifique et. Technique, No. 13, 1969Search in Google Scholar

86 BNES: Proc. Int. Conf. on Fast Reactor Power Stations, BNES, London, March 11–14, 1974, a) p. 545, b) 157Search in Google Scholar

87 Kuruzeka, W.; Oliva, R.; Welch, T. S.; Shimazaki, T.: Cover gas seals: FFTF-LMFBR seal test programme. DOE/SF/00824-T27, Rockwell Inc., CA, U.S.A., 197410.2172/5277353Search in Google Scholar

88 Appleby, E. R.: Compilation of data and descriptions for United States and foreign liquid metal fast breeder reactors. HEDL-TME 75-12, Hanford Engineering Development Laboratory (HEDL), WA, USA, 197510.2172/4032678Search in Google Scholar

89 Babilas, C.; Hoeft, E.; Kenkmann, W.; Kirchner, G.; Menck, J.: Tests carried out for the SNR-300 handling and the influence of test results in view to design of handling equipment. Proc. European Nuclear Conference, Paris, April 21–25, 1975, Vol. 2, pp. 445Search in Google Scholar

90 Fisch, J. W.: Reactor enclosure. BRC Meeting presentation (4/15–16/75), Los Ang., Cal., April 15–16, 1975Search in Google Scholar

91 IIISteele, O. P.; HortonP.; Shimazaki, T.: Cover gas seals. DOE/SF/00824-T26, Rockwell Inc., CA, U.S.A., 1975Search in Google Scholar

92 Mausbeck, H.: Materials experience with large sodium loops and components. Proc. Int. Conf. on Liquid Metal Technology in Energy Production, Pennsylvania, May 3, 1976, p. 67Search in Google Scholar

93 Berg, G. E.: CRBRP design and test results for fuel handling systems, plugs and seals. Conf-771217-1, 1977Search in Google Scholar

94 McEdwards, J. A.: Reactor cover: seals, bearing and support system investigation and recommendation. DOE/SF/76026-T77, Rockwell Inc., CA, U.S.A., 1978Search in Google Scholar

95 McEdwards, J. A.; Matteras, J. L.: Reactor cover system improvements. Final report, DOE/SF/76026-T32, Atomics International Div., CA, U.S.A., 1978Search in Google Scholar

96 Jahresbericht 1979: AG6 Reactor vessel, handling and sodium technology (translation from German). Annual report, Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe, January 1980, pp. 43–44Search in Google Scholar

97 Marth, W.: A review of the collaborative programme on the European Fast Reactor (EFR). IWGFR 26^th Annual meeting, IAEA-TECDOC-741, IAEA, Vienna, 1994, p. 103Search in Google Scholar

98 Marth, W.: A review of collaborative programme on EFR. 25^th Annual Meeting of IWGFR, IAEA-TC-385.53, IAEA, Vienna, 1993Search in Google Scholar

99 Skidmore, T. E.: Performance evaluation of O-ring seals in model 9975 packaging assemblies (U). WSRC Report, WSRC-TR-98-00439 Revision 0, Westinghouse Savannah River Company (WSRC), Aiken, SC., December 199810.2172/881318Search in Google Scholar

100 Ward, J.: Elastomer seals in nuclear reactor: an account of development and testing of fuel channel seals for a steam generating heavy water reactor. Proc. 8^th Int. Conf. on Fluid Sealing, BHRA, Cranefield, 1978, p. G1Search in Google Scholar

101 Kuruzeka, W. J.; Welch, F. H.: Design guide for reactor cover gas elastomeric seals. AI-AEC-13145, Rockwell Inc., CA, U.S.A., 1975Search in Google Scholar

102 Terzaghi, A.: Activities of the Commission of the European Communities in the field of codes and standards for FBRs. Nucl. Eng. Des.98 (1987) 373Search in Google Scholar

103 EPRI: Achievements, findings and lessons of Phenix operating experience. EPRI-NP-1973, Rockwell Inc., CA, U.S.A., 1981, pp. G2–G4Search in Google Scholar

104 Sauvage, J.: Phenix 30 years of history: the heart of a reactor. EDF, CEA, France, 2004Search in Google Scholar

105 Romrell, D. M.: FFTF fuel handling experience (1976–1986). Int. Conf. on Fast Breeder Systems – Experience Gained and Path to Economic Power Generation, Richland, September 13–17, 1987Search in Google Scholar

106 Finke, G.; Zimmermann, E.; Breitlander, H.: Inspection and maintenance at KNK II. Proc. LMFBR Safety Topical Meeting, Lyons, July 19–23, 1982, Vol. II, p. II–709Search in Google Scholar

107 Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH: BMFT-CEA-US-DOE Exchange on KNK II-Rapsodie-EBR II operating experience. German contribution for the 2^nd expert meeting at Idaho Falls, U.S.A. October 27 and 28, 1982, INIS-DE-PSB-062, 1982, p. 31Search in Google Scholar

108 Crette, J. P.: Industrial aspects of fast breeder reactor construction. Kerntechnik13 (1971) 491Search in Google Scholar

109 Eude, J. C. (Translation- Ellyn, G.): Use of elastomers in nuclear reactors. (Revue Generale Du Caoutchoic Et Des Plastiques, 49/5, 1972, p. 395) ANL-TRANS-1003, ANL, Illinois, U.S.A., 1976Search in Google Scholar

110 Lyons, J. L.: Lyon's valve designers' handbook. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1982, pp. 405–450Search in Google Scholar

111 EPRI, August 2007. Plant support engineering: elastomer handbook for nuclear power plants. EPRI Report, 1014800, Palo Alto, CASearch in Google Scholar

112 Parkinson, W. W.; Sisman, O.: The use of plastics and elastomers in nuclear radiation. Nucl. Eng. Des.17 (1971) 247Search in Google Scholar

113 Tatlock, J.; Frame, A. G.; Richards, P. K.; Bellinger, R.: Design and construction of Downreay Fast Reactor core, reactor vessel, fuel handling equipment and shielding. Proc. Symposium on the Downreay Fast Reactor, London, December 7, 1960, p. 7Search in Google Scholar

114 Stern, H. J.: History. In: Blow, C. M., Hepburn, C. (eds.), Rubber technology and manufacture. 2^nd ed., Butterworths, 1987Search in Google Scholar

115 Harrington, R.: Elastomers for use in radiation fields, Part IV. Rubber Age June, 1958Search in Google Scholar

116 Antal, E. F.: Elastomer compatibility with liquid sodium at 450°F. HEDL TNE 71–86, HEDL, WA, U.S.A., 197110.2172/4632403Search in Google Scholar

117 Rosenblum, L.; Putre, H.: Compatibility of several plastics and elastomers with sodium, potassium and rubidium. NASA TN-D-1284, NASACleveland, Ohio, 1962Search in Google Scholar

118 Burnay, S. G.: An overview of polymer ageing studies in nuclear power industry. Nucl. Inst. Meth. Phys. B185 (2001) 4Search in Google Scholar

119 Wittich, K. C.; Wensel, R.; Larose, R.; Kuran, S.: Upgrading elastomer seals for nuclear service. AECL Report, AECL-11385, Chalk River Laboratories, Canada, 1995Search in Google Scholar

120 Welch, F. H.: Inflatable seal gamma radiation study: A Test Report. DOE/SF/70027-T5, Rockwell Inc., CA, U.S.A., 197810.2172/5982753Search in Google Scholar

121 Horton, P. H.: Cover-gas-seal component development: dynamic inflatable plug seal improvement. DOE/SF/71011-T5, Rockwell Inc., CA, U.S.A., 197710.2172/5341149Search in Google Scholar

122 IIISteele, O. P.; HortonP. H.: Cover gas seal components [LMFBR]. DOE/SF/76026-T84, Rockwell Inc., CA, U.S.A., 197910.2172/5341131Search in Google Scholar

123 Horton, P. H.; IIISteele, O. P.; Asquith, J. G.: Design considerations for dynamic elastomeric seals for LMFBR application. Trans. ANS22 (1975) 224Search in Google Scholar

124 IIISteele, O. P.; HortonP. H.: Cover gas seals: 26-cover gas seal components. DOE/SF/76026-T18, Rockwell Inc., CA, U.S.A., 197810.2172/6078838Search in Google Scholar

125 IAEA: IWGFR 13th Annual meeting, IWGFR/34-2, IAEA, Vienna, 1980, a) p. 17, b) p. 47, c) p. 122.Search in Google Scholar

126 Alexanderson, E. L.; Olson, R. G.; Branyan, C. E.: Enrico Fermi operating experience. Fast Reactor Technology National Topical Meeting, Detroit Michigan, April 26–28, 1965, Conf.-650417, p. 41Search in Google Scholar

127 Duffy, J. G.; Hess, J. W.; Leibson, M. E.; IIIMatte, J.: Design, test and performance of the control rods for the Fermi reactor. Proc. Meeting of Fast Reactor Control Mechanisms, Maryland, September 16–17, 1964, p. 125Search in Google Scholar

128 Gordon, N. R.: Experience with control rod seals used on sodium-cooled reactors. BNWL-1387, Battelle Northwest, WA, 197010.2172/4157367Search in Google Scholar

129 Lennard, D. (Ed.): Rapsodie block-pile final (completion) report. IGCAR translation (268/73) of report no. DCP 33 120, Department of Atomic Piles (DPA), CEA, France, June 1967Search in Google Scholar

130 Dieckamp, H.; Wolfe, B.; Dickinson, R. W.: Development and testing of sodium components. Conf-710901-34, 197110.2172/4043911Search in Google Scholar

131 Mishra, S. K.: Design of inflatable seals. Internal note, FBTR/FRG/31251/DN/02, Reactor Research Centre (RRC), 1979Search in Google Scholar

132 Lagrange, M.; Chevallier, R.; Perona, M. (Translation-Ellyn, G.): Problems raised by the design and manufacture of loading plugs for sodium cooled fast reactors. (Nuclex 1972, Paper 16) ANL-TRANS-999, Illinois, U.S.A., 1975Search in Google Scholar

133 Pierantoni, F.: A review of the Italian fast reactor programme, March 1979. IWGFR 12^th Annual meeting, Summary Report Part II, IWGFR/30-2, IAEA, Vienna, 1979, p. 17Search in Google Scholar

134 Moore, A. L.: Fluoroelastomers handbook: The definitive user's guide and databook. 1^st ed.William Andrew Publishing, New York, 2006Search in Google Scholar

135 FR'91: Proc. Int. Conf. on Fast Reactor and Related Fuel Cycles (FR'91), Kyoto, October 28 – November 1, 1991, a) Vol. III, p. 2-10-1, b) Vol. I, p. 8-3-1, c) Vol. III, p. 2–23Search in Google Scholar

136 IAEA: IWGFR 14^th Annual meeting, IWGFR/37-2, IAEA, Vienna, 1981, a) p. 72, b) p. 23Search in Google Scholar

137 GARLOCK: a) (CEFILAC) Seals and sealing system, product catalogue, 2000, b) (CEFILAC) Sealing nuclear power, product catalogue, 2003, c) Seals and sealing system, product catalogue, 2005Search in Google Scholar

138 MSC: Nonlinear finite element analysis of elastomers. Technical paper. MSC Software Coporation, USA, 2000Search in Google Scholar