Startseite Effect of different grain sizes on the static strain aging behavior of bake hardening steel
Artikel
Lizenziert
Nicht lizenziert Erfordert eine Authentifizierung

Effect of different grain sizes on the static strain aging behavior of bake hardening steel

  • Tugay Doğan und Süleyman Gündüz
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 8. Juli 2019
Veröffentlichen auch Sie bei De Gruyter Brill

Abstract

In this study, the static strain aging behavior of a bake hardening steel (BH 220), suitable for cold forming and widely used in the automotive sector was investigated. Tensile specimens prepared from BH 220 steel were first subjected to a 40 minute solution treatment at 920 °C and 970 °C and then cooled in water to generate various grain sizes. Both as-received and heat-treated samples were pre-strained for 3 % tension and then aged at 180 °C for 10, 20, 30, 60, 180 and 300 min. Tensile tests were carried out to obtain the yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), elongation (%) and bake hardening value (δY) of aged as-received and heat treated samples. Results indicated that BH 220 steel exhibited static strain aging behavior under as-received and heat-treated conditions. Heat treated samples showed higher susceptibility to static strain aging as compared to the as-received samples. Increased grain size in all the as-received and heat-treated samples decreased the YS and UTS but increased the bake hardening value δY.


Correspondence Address, Prof. Dr. Süleyman Gündüz, Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Technology Faculty, Karabük University, Karabük, Turkey, E-mail:

Tugay Doğan, born in 1992, received his BSc degree from Karabuk University, Turkey, in 2015 and his M.Sc degree from the same university in 2018. He currently works in the metal industry as a manufacturing engineering.

Prof. Süleyman Gündüz, born in 1970, graduated from Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey in 1992, and received his MSc degree in 1996 and his PhD degree in 2000 in the area of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering from Leeds University, UK. He is Professor in the Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Technology Faculty of Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey.


References

1 L. J.Baker, S. R.Daniel, J. D.Parker: Metallurgy and processing of ultralow carbon bakehardening steels, Materials Science and Technology18 (2002), pp. 35536710.1179/026708302225002452Suche in Google Scholar

2 H.Mohrbacher: Niobium based metallurgical concepts and strategies for the productıon of IF-HS and IF-BH steel grades, Proc. of the International Conference on Interstitial Free Steels: Manufacturing & Applications (IF STEEL 2010), Belgium (2010), pp. 112Suche in Google Scholar

3 R. W.Simon: New steel products for the automotive industry, Steel Times International11 (1997), pp. 4450Suche in Google Scholar

4 J. R.Fekete, D. C.Strugala, Z.Yao: Advanced sheet steels for automotive applications, The Journal of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (JOM)44 (1992), No. 1, pp. 172110.1007/BF03222745Suche in Google Scholar

5 S.Türkoğlu: Investigation of Bake Hardening Properties of Steel Sheets, MSc Thesis, İstanbul Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey (2006)Suche in Google Scholar

6 A. A.Sayed, Sh.Kheirandish: Affect of the tempering temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of dual phase steels, Materials Science and Engineering A532 (2012), pp. 212510.1016/j.msea.2011.10.056Suche in Google Scholar

7 S.Das, I.Timokhina, S. B.Singh, E.Pereloma, O. N.Mohanty: Effect of bainitic transformation on bake hardening in TRIP asisted steel, Materials Science and Engineering A534 (2012), pp. 48549410.1016/j.msea.2011.11.097Suche in Google Scholar

8 K.Sakata, S.Satoh, T.Kato, O.Hashimoto: Physical Metallurgy of IF Steels, Iron and Steel Institute of Japan, Tokyo, Japan (1994)Suche in Google Scholar

9 J.Takahashi, M.Sugiyama, N.Maruyama: Quantitative of Grain Boundary Carbon Segregation in Bake Hardening Steel, Nippon Steel Technical Report, No. 91, (2005), No. 91, pp. 2833, UDC 669.14-415: 669.784: 620.192.43Suche in Google Scholar

10 S.Gündüz: Static strain ageing behaviour of dual phase steel, Materials Science and Engineering A486 (2008), pp. 637110.1016/j.msea.2007.08.056Suche in Google Scholar

11 H.Alihosseini, K.Dehghani: Bake hardening of ultra-fine grained low carbon steel produced by constrained groove pressing, Materials Science and Engineering A549 (2012), pp. 15716210.1016/j.msea.2012.04.024Suche in Google Scholar

12 BSI 11000: Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis, British Standarts Institutions, London, UK (1990)Suche in Google Scholar

13 D. R.Askeland: The Science and Engineering of Materials, 8th Ed., Chapman and Hall, London, UK (1996)Suche in Google Scholar

14 T.Gladman: The Physical Metallurgy of Microalloyed Steel, 1th Ed., The Institute of Materials, London, UK, (1997)Suche in Google Scholar

15 A.Bak, S.Gündüz: Effect of strain ageing on the mechanical properties of interstitial free steels under as-received, heat treated and spot welded conditions for automotive applications, Proc. IMechE, Part D: J. Automobile Engineering224 (D1) (2010), pp. 294010.1243/09544070JAUTO1176Suche in Google Scholar

16 J.Merlin, P.Merle, S.Garnier, M.Bouzekri, M.Soler, Experimental determination of the carbon solubility limit in ferritic steels, Metallurgical Materials TransactionA 35 (2004), pp. 1655166110.1007/s11661-004-0074-zSuche in Google Scholar

17 S.Serajzadeh: Static strain ageing, R.Colás, G. E.Totten (Eds.): Encyclopedia of Iron, Steel and Their Alloys, CRC Press, Boca Raton, USA (2013), pp. 5778Suche in Google Scholar

18 A.Bülbül, R.Kaçar: Factors affecting kinetics of strain aging in S275JRC steel, Materials Research20 (2017), No. 1, pp. 21021710.1590/1980-5373-mr-2016-0496Suche in Google Scholar

19 N.Tsuchida, E.Baba, K.Nagai, Y.Tomota: Effects of interstitial solute atoms on the very low strain-rate deformations for an IF steel and an ultra-low carbon steel, Acta Materialia53 (2005), No. 2, pp. 26527010.1016/j.actamat.2004.09.019Suche in Google Scholar

20 J. G.Kim, S.Hong, N.Anjabin, B. H.Park, S. K.Kim, K. G.Chin, S.Lee, H. S.Kim: Dynamic strain ageing of twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel in tensile testing and deep drawing. Materials Science and EngineeringA 633 (2015), pp. 13614310.1016/j.msea.2015.03.008Suche in Google Scholar

21 S. X.Li, G. R.Cui: Dependence of strength, elongation, and toughness on grain size in metallic structural materials, Journal of Applied Physics101 (2007), 083525 10.1063/1.2720184Suche in Google Scholar

22 C. F.Kuang, J.Li, S. G.Zhang, J.Wang, H. F.Liu, A. A.Volinsky: Effects of quenching and tempering on the microstructure and bake hardening behavior of ferrite and dual phase steels, Materials Science and Engineering A613 (2014), pp. 17818310.1016/j.msea.2014.06.100Suche in Google Scholar

23 W.Alshalfan, J.Speer, K.Fındley, D. K.Matlock: Effect on annealing time on solute carbon in ultralow-carbon Ti-V and Ti-Nb Steels, Metallurgical Materials Transaction A37 (2006), pp. 20721610.1007/s11661-006-0165-0Suche in Google Scholar

24 Q. L.Yong: Secondary Phase in Steel, Metallurgical Industry Press, Beijing, P. R. China (2006)Suche in Google Scholar

25 S.Gündüz, M. A.Erden, H.Karabulut, M.Turkmen: The effect of vanadium and titanium on mechanical properties of microalloyed PM steel, Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics55 (2016), No. 5-6, pp. 27728810.1007/S11106-016-9803-2Suche in Google Scholar

26 K.Narita: Physical chemistrty of the groups IVa (Ti, Zr), Va (V, Nb, Ta) and the rare earth elements in steel, Transaction ISIJ15 (1975), pp. 14515210.1111/j.1751-908X.2002.tb00623.xSuche in Google Scholar

27 S. G.Hong, S. B.Lee: The tensile and low-cycle fatigue behavior of cold worked 316L stainless steel: Influence of dynamic strain aging, International Journal of Fatigue26 (2004), pp. 89991010.1016/j.ijfatigue.2003.12.002Suche in Google Scholar

28 S.Kok, M. S.Bharathi, A. J.Beaudoin, C.Fressengeas, G.Ananthakrishna, L. P.Kubin, M.Lebyodkin: Spatial coupling in jerky flow using polycrystal plasticity, Acta Materialia51 (2003), No. 13, pp. 3651366210.1016/S1359-6454(03)00114-9Suche in Google Scholar

29 H.Aboulfadl, J.Deges, P.Choi, D.Raabe: Dynamic strain aging studied at the atomic scale, Acta Materialia86 (2015), pp. 3442, 10.1016/j.actamat.2014.12.0281359-6462Suche in Google Scholar

30 S. T.Mandziej: The effect of nitrogen and strain aging on C-Mn steel welds, Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia27 (1992), No. 7, pp. 79379810.1016/0956-716X(92)90394-TSuche in Google Scholar

Published Online: 2019-07-08
Published in Print: 2019-07-04

© 2019, Carl Hanser Verlag, München

Heruntergeladen am 9.10.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.3139/120.111370/html?lang=de
Button zum nach oben scrollen