Influence of sintering temperature on mechanical properties of spark plasma sintered pre-alloyed Ti-6Al-4 V powder
-
, , , and
Abstract
Spark plasma sintering provides faster heating that can create fully, or near fully, dense samples without significant grain growth. In this study, pre-alloyed Ti-6Al-4 V powder compact samples produced through field assisted sintering in a spark plasma sintering machine are compared as a function of consolidation temperature. The effect of sintering temperature on the densification mechanism, microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of spark plasma sintered Ti-6Al-4 V alloy compacts was investigated in detail. The compact, sintered at 1100 °C, exhibited near net density, highest hardness and strength as compared to the other compacts processed at a temperature lower than 1100 °C.
Kurzfassung
Das Sparkplasma-Sintern ermöglicht eine schnellere Erwärmung, die voll oder nahezuvoll dichte Proben ohne signifikantes Kornwachstum ermöglicht. In der diesem Beitrag zugrundeliegenden Studie wurden kompaktierte Proben aus vorlegiertem Ti-6Al-4 V Pulver in einer Spark-Plasmasintermaschine hergestellt und als eine Funktion der Konsolidierungstemperatur miteinander verglichen. Die Auswirkung der Sintertemperatur auf den verdichtungsmechanismus, die mikrostrukturelle Entwicklung und die mechanischen Eigenschaften der Sparkplasma-gesinterten Proben aus der Ti-6Al-4 V Legierung wurden im Detail untersucht. Die Presskörper, die bei 1100 °C gesintert wurden, zeigten eine nahezu Netzdichte, die höchste Härte und Festigkeit gegenüber den anderen Proben, die bei Temperaturen unterhalb von 1100 °C hergestellt wurden.
References
1 H. R. Chin Quan : Accession of Titanium as an Aircraft Material – A current view, Material Notes 129, Department of Defence, Defence Science and Technology Organization, Aeronautical Research Laboratories, Australia (1981)Search in Google Scholar
2 Je-Ha Shon , Jong-MoonPark, Kyeong-SikCho, Jae-KeunHong, Nho-KwangPark, Myung-HoonOh: Effects of various sintering methods on microstructure and mechanical properties of Cp-Ti powder consolidations, Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China24 (2014), pp. 59–67, 10.1016/S1003-6326(14)63289-1Search in Google Scholar
3 Yujie Quan , FamingZhang, HenrikeRebl, BarbaraNebe, OlafkEßler, EberhardBurkel: Ti6Al4 V foams fabricated by spark plasma sintering with post-heat treatment, Materials Science and Engineering A565 (2013), pp. 118–125, 10.1016/j.msea.2012.12.026Search in Google Scholar
4 Dipankar Banerjee , J. C.Williams: Perspectives on titanium science and technology, Acta Materialia61 (2013), pp. 844–879, 10.1016/j.actamat.2012.10.043Search in Google Scholar
5 Military Handbook : Titanium and Titanium Alloys, MIL-HDBK-697A, Department of Defense, Washington DC, USA (1974)Search in Google Scholar
6 R. R. Boyer : An overview on the use of titanium in the aerospace industry, Materials Science and Engineering A213 (1996), pp. 103–114, 10.1016/0921-5093(96)10233-1Search in Google Scholar
7 R. Martin , D.Evans: Reducing costs in aircraft: the metals affordability initiative consortium, The Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society52 (2000), No. 3, pp. 24–2810.1007/s11837-000-0096-ySearch in Google Scholar
8 Y. Honnorat : Issues and breakthrough in the manufacture of turbo engine titanium parts, Materials Science and Engineering A213 (1996), pp. 15–123, 10.1016/0921-5093(96)10229-XSearch in Google Scholar
9 F. H. Froes , MaQian: A perspective on the future of titanium powder metallurgy, MaQian, F. H.Froes (Eds.): Titanium powder metallurgy: science, technology and applications, Elsevier, UK (2015), pp. 601–608, 10.1016/B978-0-12-800054-0.00031-9Search in Google Scholar
10 V. S. Moxson , J.Qazi, S. N.Patankar, O. N.Senkov, F. H.Froes: Low-cost CP-Titanium and Ti-6Al-4 V alloys, Key Engineering Materials230 (2002), pp. 339–343, 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.230-232.339Search in Google Scholar
11 Y. Y. Chena , H. B.Yua, D. L.Zhangb, L. H.Chaia: Effect of spark plasma sintering temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of an ultrafine grained TiAl intermetallic alloy, Materials Science and Engineering A525 (2009), pp. 166–173, 10.1016/j.msea.2009.06.056Search in Google Scholar
12 M. Qian : Cold compaction and sintering of titanium and its alloys for near-net-shape or preform fabrication, International Journal of Powder Metallurgy46 (2010), pp. 29–44, 10.18307/2010.0104Search in Google Scholar
13 Ma Qian , Ya F.Yang, Shudong, D.Luo, H. P.Tang: Pressureless sintering of titanium and titanium alloys – sintering densification and solute homogenization, MaQian, F. H.Froes (Eds.): Titanium powder metallurgy: science, technology and applications, Elsevier, UK (2015), pp. 201–21810.1016/B978-0-12-800054-0.00012-5Search in Google Scholar
14 Y. F. Yang , S. D.Luo, G. B.Schaffer, M.Qian: Sintering of Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al and mechanical properties, Materials Science and Engineering A528 (2011), pp. 6719–6726, 10.1016/j.msea.2011.05.041Search in Google Scholar
15 O. M. Ivasishin , D. G.Savvakin: The impact of diffusion on synthesis of high-strength titanium alloys from elemental powder blends, Key Engineering Materials436 (2010), pp. 113–121, 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.436.113Search in Google Scholar
16 Y. Yang , M.Qian: Spark plasma sintering and hot pressing of titanium and titanium alloys, MQian, F. H.Froes (Eds.): Titanium Powder Metallurgy: Science, Technology and Applications, Elsevier, UK (2015), pp. 219–235, 10.1016/B978-0-12-800054-0.00013-7Search in Google Scholar
17 O. M. Ivasishin , D. G.Savvakin, F.Froes, V. C.Mokson, K. A.Bondareva: Synthesis of alloy Ti-6Al-4 V with low residual porosity by a powder metallurgy method, Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics41 (2002), pp. 7–8, 10.1023/A:1021117126537Search in Google Scholar
18 Lei Xu , RuipengGuo, ChunguangBai, JiafengLei, RuiYang: Effect of hot isostatic pressing conditions and cooling rate on microstructure and properties of Ti6Al4 V alloy from atomized powder, Journal of Materials Science and Technology30 (2014), No. 12, pp. 1289–1295, 10.1016/j.jmst.2014.04.011Search in Google Scholar
19 Ruipeng Guo , LeiXu, JieWu, RuiYang, Bernie Y.Zong: Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of powder metallurgy Ti–6Al–4 V alloy based on heat response, Materials Science and Engineering A639 (2015), pp. 327–334, 10.1016/j.msea.2015.05.041Search in Google Scholar
20 V. Mamedov : Spark plasma sintering as advanced PM sintering method, Powder Metallurgy45 (2002), No. 4, pp. 322–328, 10.1179/003258902225007041Search in Google Scholar
21 Z. A. Munir , U.Anselmi-Tamburini, M.Ohyanagi: The effect of electric field and pressure on the synthesis and consolidation of materials: A review of the spark plasma sintering method, Journal of Materials Science41 (2006), No. 3, pp. 763–777, 10.1007/s10853-006-6555-2Search in Google Scholar
22 G. Xie , O.Ohashi, K.Chiba, N.Yamaguchi, M.Song, K.Furuya: Frequency effect on pulse electric current sintering process of pure aluminum powder, Materials Science and Engineering A359 (2003), No. 1, pp. 384–390, 10.1016/S0921-5093(03)00393-9Search in Google Scholar
23 G. Xie , O.Ohashi, K.Wada, T.Ogawa, M.Song, K.Furuya: Interface microstructure of aluminum die-casting alloy joints bonded by pulse electric-current bonding process, Materials Science and Engineering A428 (2006), No. 1, pp. 12–1710.1016/j.msea.2005.10.029Search in Google Scholar
24 S. W. Wang , L. D.Chen, Y. S.Kang, M.Niino, T.Hirai: Effect of plasma activated sintering (PAS) parameters on densification of copper powder, Materials Research Bulletin35 (2000), No. 4, pp. 619–628, 10.1016/S0025-5408(00)00246-4Search in Google Scholar
25 M. Eriksson , Z.Shen, M.Nygren: Fast densification and deformation of titanium powder, Powder Metallurgy48 (2005), No. 3, pp. 231–236, 10.1179/174329005X71939Search in Google Scholar
26 M. Zadra , F.Casari, L.Girardini, A.Molinari: Microstructure and mechanical properties of CP-Titanium produced by spark plasma sintering, Powder Metallurgy51 (2008), No. 1, pp. 59–65, 10.1179/174329008X277000Search in Google Scholar
27 O. Ertorer , T. D.Topping, Y.Li, W.Moss, E. J.Lavernia: Nanostructured Ti consolidated via spark plasma sintering, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A42 (2011), No. 4, pp. 964–973, 10.1007/s11661-010-0499-5Search in Google Scholar
28 T. Yoshimura , T.Thotsaphon, H.Imai, K.Kondoh: Microstructural and mechanical properties of Ti composite reinforced with TiO additive particles, Transactions of JWRI38 (2009), No. 2, pp. 37–41Search in Google Scholar
29 H. Izui , G.Kikuchi: Sintering performance and mechanical properties of titanium compacts prepared by spark plasma sintering, Materials Science Forum706 (2012) pp. 217–221, 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.706-709.217Search in Google Scholar
30 C. G. Goetzel , V. S.De Marchi: Electrically activated pressure sintering (spark sintering) of titanium powders, Hausner, Henry H. (ed.). International powder metallurgy conference, Plenum Publishing Corp, New York3 (1971), pp. 80–87Search in Google Scholar
31 R. Orru , R.Licheri, A. M.Locci, A.Cincotti, G.Cao: Consolidation/synthesis of materials by electric current activated/assisted sintering, Materials Science and Engineering Reports63 (2009), No. 4, pp. 127–287, 10.1016/j.mser.2008.09.003Search in Google Scholar
32 C. G. Goetzel , D.Marchi: Electrically activated pressure sintering-spark sintering of titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloy powders, Hausner, Henry H. (ed.). Modern Developments in Powder Metallurgy, Plenum Publishing Corp, New York4 (1971), pp. 127–150Search in Google Scholar
33 D.-H. Xiao , T.-C.Yuan, X.-Q.Ou, Y.-H.He: Microstructure and mechanical properties of powder metallurgy Ti-Al-Mo-V-Ag alloy, Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China21 (2011), pp. 1269–1276, 10.1016/S1003-6326(11)60852-2Search in Google Scholar
34 G. Abouelmagd , H. P.Buchkremer, E.El-Magd, D.Stöver: Mechanical properties of a TiAl6V4 alloy processed by powder metallurgy, Journal of Materials Processing Technology37 (1993), pp. 583–597, 10.1016/0924-0136(93)90120-USearch in Google Scholar
35 L. Bolzoni , E. M.Ruiz-Navas, E.Gordo: Influence of sintering parameters on the properties of powder metallurgy Ti–3Al–2.5 V alloy, Materials Characterization84 (2013), pp. 48–57, 10.1016/j.matchar.2013.07.009Search in Google Scholar
36 M. Zadra , F.Casari, L.Girardini, A.Molinari: Microstructure and mechanical properties of cp-titanium produced by spark plasma sintering, Powder Metallurgy51 (2008), N. 1, pp. 59–65, 10.1179/174329008X277000Search in Google Scholar
37 X. Xu , P.Nash: Sintering mechanisms of Armstrong prealloyed Ti-6Al-4 V powders, Materials Science and Engineering A607 (2014), pp. 409–41610.1016/j.msea.2014.03.045Search in Google Scholar
38 T. Fujita , A. Ogawa, C.Ouchi, H.Tajima: Microstructure and properties of titanium alloy produced in the newly developed blended elemental powder metallurgy process, Materials Science and Engineering A213 (1996), No. 1–2, pp. 148–153, 10.1016/0921-5093(96)10232-XSearch in Google Scholar
39 S. Das , M.Wohlert, J. J.Beaman, D. L.Bourell: Processing of titanium net shapes by SLS/HIP, Materials and Design20 (1999), No. 2, pp. 115–121, 10.1016/S0261-3069(99)00017-5Search in Google Scholar
40 C. Leyens , M.Peters: Titanium and Titanium Alloys, 1st Ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York, USA (2003)Search in Google Scholar
41 D.-H. Xiao , T.-C.Yuan, X.-Q.Ou, Y.-H.He: Microstructure and mechanical properties of powder metallurgy Ti-Al-Mo-V-Ag alloy, Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China21 (2011), No. 6, pp. 1269–1276, 10.1016/S1003-6326(11)60852-2Search in Google Scholar
© 2018, Carl Hanser Verlag, München
Articles in the same Issue
- Inhalt/Contents
- Contents
- Fachbeiträge/Technical Contributions
- Effect of strain rate on stress corrosion cracking of X100 pipeline steel in environments with sulfate-reducing bacteria
- Influence of microstructural parameters of indefinite chill alloys on flexural strength and Young's modulus
- Corrosion behavior of a 3 % Cr tubing steel in a CO2 saturated high-salinity brine
- Comparative study of the testing approaches for the susceptibility of high-strength fasteners to environmental hydrogen embrittlement (EHE)
- Combined impact of UV radiation and nitric acid on HDPE containers during outdoor exposure
- Analysis of wear properties of Zn-based composites using the Taguchi method
- Microstructural and mechanical properties of friction and MIAB welded carbon steel tubes and forging bracket joints
- Influence of sintering temperature on mechanical properties of spark plasma sintered pre-alloyed Ti-6Al-4 V powder
- Ultrasound on-line measurement of pulverized coal flow in coal-fired boilers
- Comparison of seismic performance between thermal insulation concrete and normal concrete shear walls
- Test procedure for stress damage of ferromagnetic materials based on metal magnetic memory effects
- Lightweight design of an automobile hinge component using glass fiber polyamide composites
- Comparison of grey wolf, whale, water cycle, ant lion and sine-cosine algorithms for the optimization of a vehicle engine connecting rod
- Influence of a stepped feed rate on burr formation when drilling Al-5005
- Relationship between extrusion temperature and corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy AZ61
Articles in the same Issue
- Inhalt/Contents
- Contents
- Fachbeiträge/Technical Contributions
- Effect of strain rate on stress corrosion cracking of X100 pipeline steel in environments with sulfate-reducing bacteria
- Influence of microstructural parameters of indefinite chill alloys on flexural strength and Young's modulus
- Corrosion behavior of a 3 % Cr tubing steel in a CO2 saturated high-salinity brine
- Comparative study of the testing approaches for the susceptibility of high-strength fasteners to environmental hydrogen embrittlement (EHE)
- Combined impact of UV radiation and nitric acid on HDPE containers during outdoor exposure
- Analysis of wear properties of Zn-based composites using the Taguchi method
- Microstructural and mechanical properties of friction and MIAB welded carbon steel tubes and forging bracket joints
- Influence of sintering temperature on mechanical properties of spark plasma sintered pre-alloyed Ti-6Al-4 V powder
- Ultrasound on-line measurement of pulverized coal flow in coal-fired boilers
- Comparison of seismic performance between thermal insulation concrete and normal concrete shear walls
- Test procedure for stress damage of ferromagnetic materials based on metal magnetic memory effects
- Lightweight design of an automobile hinge component using glass fiber polyamide composites
- Comparison of grey wolf, whale, water cycle, ant lion and sine-cosine algorithms for the optimization of a vehicle engine connecting rod
- Influence of a stepped feed rate on burr formation when drilling Al-5005
- Relationship between extrusion temperature and corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy AZ61