Partial replacement of carbon black by nanoclay in butyl rubber compounds for tubeless tires

Mohan Kumar Harikrishna Kumar; Subramaniam Shankar; Rathanasamy Rajasekar; Pal Samir Kumar; Palaniappan Sathish Kumar

doi:10.3139/120.111109

Article

Partial replacement of carbon black by nanoclay in butyl rubber compounds for tubeless tires

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Published/Copyright: November 21, 2017

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From the journal Materials Testing Volume 59 Issue 11-12

Abstract

Carbon black is the typical reinforcing agent used to enhance the physico-mechanical properties of rubber compounds. 40 to 60 wt.-% of carbon black is required to achieve the desired properties for tubeless tire liners and tire tread. Fly loss of carbon black particles during fabrication directly affects the respiratory tract of the human. Carbon is a type of carcinogen that induces lungs cancer, when exposed for a certain period of time. The research work aims in minimizing the quantity of carbon black in the rubber compound and compensating the physico-mechanical properties through minimal loading of nanoclay. Butyl rubber (IIR) nanocomposites are prepared using organically modified Cloisite 30B type nanoclay and carbon black. In order to overcome the compatibility mismatch between nonpolar IIR and polar nanoclay, chlorobutyl rubber (CIIR) is used as a compatibilizer. Morphology, cure characteristics, mechanical and gas barrier properties of the prepared rubber compounds are analyzed. Faster cure time, increase in torque, mechanical and gas barrier properties were achieved for dual filler (nanoclay and carbon black) containing rubber compound. The results prove that minimal quantity of nanoclay helps to minimize bulk quantity of carbon black by retaining the desired physico-mechanical properties.

Kurzfassung

Ruß ist ein üblicher Verstärkungszusatz, um die physikochemischen Eigenschaften von Gummikomponenten zu verbessern. 40 bis 60 wt.-% an Ruß sind notwendig, um die erforderlichen Eigenschaften von Linern und Laufflächen schlauchloser Reifen zu erzielen. Der umherfliegende Abgang von Russpartikeln während der Herstellung beeinträchtigt direkt den Atmungstrakt des Menschen. Kohlenstoff ist ein Karzinogentyp, der Lungenkrebs verursacht, wenn eine Exposition über eine bestimmte Zeit stattfindet. Die diesem Beitrag zugrunde liegende Forschungsarbeit zielt darauf ab, die Menge an Ruß in den Gummikomponenten zu minimieren und die physikochemischen Eigenschaften mit einer minimalen Zugabe von Nanoton zu kompensieren. Hierzu wurden Butylgummi-(IIR)-Nanokomposite vorbereitet, indem organisch modifizierter Nanoton des Typs Cloisite 30B und Ruß verwendet wurden. Um die Diskrepanz in der Kompatibilität zwischen nicht-polarem IIR und polarem Nanoton zu überwinden, wurde Chlorobutyl (CIIR) als Vermittler eingesetzt. Die Morphologie, die Behandlungscharakteristika, die mechanischen Eigenschaften und die Gasdichtheit der so vorbereiteten Gummikomponenten wurden analysiert. Eine schnellere Behandlungszeit und eine Zunahme des Drehmomentes sowie eine Zunahme der mechanischen Eigenschaften und der Gasdichtheit wurden für die Gummikomponenten, die duales Füllmaterial (Nanoton und Ruß) enthielten, erreicht. Die Ergebnisse beweisen, dass eine minimale Menge von Nanoton hilft, die Umgebungsmenge von Ruß unter Beibehaltung der physikochemischen Eigenschaften zu minimieren.

*Correspondence Address, Associate Prof. Dr. Shankar Subramaniam, Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Erode, Tamilnadu, India, E-mail: shankariitm@gmail.com, m.harikrishnakumar@gmail.com, rajasekar.cr@gmail.com, palsk@mining.iitkgp.ernet.in, sathishiitkgp@gmail.com

Assist. Prof. Mohan Kumar Harikrishna Kumar, born in 1984, completed his Bachelor's degree in Engineering (Mechanical stream) at Kongu Engineering College, in Perundurai, Tamil Nadu, India, in 2006. He obtained his Master's degree in Manufacturing Engineering at Erode Senguthar Engineering College, Perundurai, Tamil Nadu, India, in 2011. Since 2012, he has been working as Assistant Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Kongu Engineering College.

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Subramaniam Shankar, born in 1980, is currently working as Associate Professor at Kongu Engineering College in Perundurai, Tamil Nadu, India. He obtained his PhD degree from the Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India, in 2008. He is specialized in computational mechanics, biomechanics, tribology and condition monitoring.

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Rathanasamy Rajasekar, born in 1982, obtained his MS and PhD degrees from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, in the stream of Materials Science in 2008 and 2011, respectively. During 2011 and 2012, he gained postdoctoral research experience in the Department of Polymer & Nano Engineering at Chonbuk National University, South Korea. Since 2012, he has been working as Associate Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Kongu Engineering College in Perundurai, India.

Dr. Pal Samir Kumar completed his BTech, MTech and PhD in the Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology in Kharagpur, West Bengal India. Since 1981, he has been working as a faculty member in the same department.

Palaniappan Sathish Kumar, born in 1991, finished his Bachelor's degree in Engineering (Mechanical stream) at University College of Engineering Villupuram (a constituent college of Anna University, Chennai), Tamil Nadu, India, in 2012. He received his Master of Engineering from Kongu Engineering College in Perundurai, Tamil Nadu, India, which he finished in 2014 with distinction in the stream of CAD/CAM. Currently, he is pursuing his PhD studies in the Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur, West Bengal, India.

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Published Online: 2017-11-21

Published in Print: 2017-11-15

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https://doi.org/10.3139/120.111109