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Performance of non-asbestos organic brake liners for light motor vehicles

  • Dr. M. P. Natarajan obtained his BEng degree from Annamalai University in 1994 and his MEng degree in Computer Integrated Manufacturing from Anna University, India, in 2004. He obtained his PhD degree in the area of composite materials at M. I. T., Anna University under the guidance of Dr. B. Rajmohan. His area of interest includes composite materials, production engineering, friction and wear. He has 7 years of industrial experience and 10 years of teaching experience.

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    Prof. Dr. B. Rajmohan obtained his BEng degree from the College of Engineering, Guindy Madras University, India, in 1973, his MSc in Machine Tool Engineering from PSGTech, Coimbatore M. U., India, in 1975 and his PhD in Mechanical Engineering from IIT Madras, India, in 1992. His area of specialization and subjects handled include metrology, metal cutting, CAM and many others. He has held positions ranging from Lecturer to Professor in College of Engineering from 1976 to 1994 and in Madras Institute of Technology from 1994 to 2011. Since 2011, he is Prof. Emeritus.
Published/Copyright: March 7, 2022
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Materials Testing
From the journal Materials Testing Volume 58 Issue 3

Abstract

In the present work, a measurement system has been designed and developed to measure friction and wear for two wheeler brake liners. Non-asbestos organic brake liners were evaluated regarding friction and wear by pressing against aluminum alloy brake drum. Each brake liner was subjected to four different applied loads (400, 500, 600 and 700 N) with six different braking times (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 minutes). The velocity of the brake drum was fixed at 1000 rpm for all test conditions. The drum temperature was measured by a thermocouple embedded in the brake drum and coupled with programmable logic controller (PLC) to record the temperatures of brake drum during braking. Test results obtained from the friction test were drum temperature (°C), friction coefficient (μ) and wear volume (cm3). From the test results, it was concluded that the increase of friction coefficient at the beginning of braking is due to the sharp edges such as zircon being ploughed onto the wear surfaces and also due to the increase in the contact area of the brake drum. The wear volume increased exponentially for the applied load more than 600 N and braking time more than 4 minutes. Below the applied load of 600 N, the wear volume increased linearly. The degradation of the organic components in the composition increased with temperature and this resulted in the reduction of composition bonding between the powders and structure integrity, thus increasing wear exponentially.

Abstract

In der diesem Beitrag zugrunde liegenden Forschungsarbeit wurde ein Messsystem entworfen und entwickelt, um die Reibung und den Verschleiß für Zweirad-Bremsbeläge zu messen. Es wurden nichtasbesthaltige, organische Bremsbeläge hinsichtlich Reibung und Verschleiß evaluiert, indem sie gegen eine Bremstrommel aus einer Aluminiumlegierung gepresst wurden. Jeder Bremsbelag wurde vier verschiedenen Lasten (400, 500, 600 und 700 N, über sechs verschiedene Zeitdauern (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 und 12 Minuten) unterworfen. Die Geschwindigkeit der Bremstrommel betrug jeweils 1000 U × min-1 für alle Bedingungen. Die Trommeltemperatur wurde mit einem Thermoelement gemessen, das in der Trommel eingelassen war und mit einer programmierbaren logischen Kontrolleinheit (Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)) gekoppelt war, um die Temperatur der Trommel während des Bremsvorganges aufzuzeichnen. Die Ergebnisse, die sich aus dem Reibversuch ergaben, waren die Trommeltemperatur (°C), Der Reibungskoeffizient (μ) und das Verschleißvolumen (cm3). Aus den Testergebnissen wurde abgeleitet, dass sich die Erhöhung des Reibungskoeffizienten beim Beginn des Bremsvorganges auf scharfe Kanten wie Zirkon zurückführen lässt, die auf die Reiboberfläche geschleudert werden, und auf eine Erhöhung in der Kontaktzone der Bremstrommel. Das Verschleißvolumen stieg exponentiell für eine aufgebrachte Last von mehr als 600 N und eine Bremszeit von mehr als vier Minuten an. Unterhalb einer aufgebrachten Last von 600 N stieg das Verschleißvolumen linear an. Die Zersetzung der organischen Bestandteile in der Zusammensetzung der Bremsbeläge stieg mit der Temperatur an und dies führte zum einen zu der verminderten Verbindung zwischen den Pulvern und zum anderen zu der reduzierten strukturellen Intaktheit, was den Verschleiß somit exponentiell erhöhte.

Keywords: Non-asbestos organic brake liner; asbestos brake liner; coefficient of friction; wear; SEM
Prof. Dr. M. P. Natarajan Department of Mechanical Engineering Tagore Engineering College Chennai 600127, India

About the authors

Dr. M. P. Natarajan

Dr. M. P. Natarajan obtained his BEng degree from Annamalai University in 1994 and his MEng degree in Computer Integrated Manufacturing from Anna University, India, in 2004. He obtained his PhD degree in the area of composite materials at M. I. T., Anna University under the guidance of Dr. B. Rajmohan. His area of interest includes composite materials, production engineering, friction and wear. He has 7 years of industrial experience and 10 years of teaching experience.

Prof. Dr. B. Rajmohan

Prof. Dr. B. Rajmohan obtained his BEng degree from the College of Engineering, Guindy Madras University, India, in 1973, his MSc in Machine Tool Engineering from PSGTech, Coimbatore M. U., India, in 1975 and his PhD in Mechanical Engineering from IIT Madras, India, in 1992. His area of specialization and subjects handled include metrology, metal cutting, CAM and many others. He has held positions ranging from Lecturer to Professor in College of Engineering from 1976 to 1994 and in Madras Institute of Technology from 1994 to 2011. Since 2011, he is Prof. Emeritus.

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express their thanksl to Mr. S. Devarajulu, Senior R & D Manager, Rane Brake Linings Ltd. and Mr. Dayalan, Jai Brakes, both Chennai, India for their co-operation in conducting experiments related to this research work.

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Published Online: 2022-03-07

© 2016 Carl Hanser Verlag, München

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Contents
  2. Mechanical Testing
  3. Deformation and damage behavior of lightweight steels at high rate multiaxial loading
  4. Failure Analysis
  5. Reheat cracking failure of a welded alloy 803 outlet pigtail tube used in a steam hydrocarbon reforming furnace
  6. Production-Oriented Testing
  7. Surface roughness of Ti6Al4V after heat treatment evaluated by artificial neural networks
  8. Fatigue life of the magnesium alloy AZ31B under specific spectrum loading
  9. Mechanical Testing
  10. Optimization of welding parameters to attain maximum strength in friction stir welded AA7075 joints
  11. Experimental investigations of Al-TiO2-Gr hybrid composites fabricated by stir casting
  12. Corrosion Testing/Failure Analysis
  13. Microstructure investigation of premature corroded heat exchanger plates
  14. Mechanical Testing
  15. Investigation of deep-drilled micro-hole profiles in Hadfield steel
  16. Wear Testing
  17. Investigation of the abrasive wear behavior of an aluminum alloy and its Al2O3 particle reinforced composite by statistical analysis
  18. Production-Oriented Testing
  19. Optimization of process parameters for rectangular cup deep drawing by the Taguchi method and genetic algorithm
  20. Fabrication of microstructured polymers by a simple biotemplate embossing method and their characterization
  21. Fatigue testing/fractography/materialography
  22. Performance of non-asbestos organic brake liners for light motor vehicles
  23. Failure Analysis
  24. Material optimization of a cemented tibia tray using functionally graded material
  25. Mechanical Testing
  26. Effect of agglomeration and dispersion on the elastic properties of polymer nanocomposites: A Monte Carlo finite element analysis
  27. Production-Oriented Testing
  28. Effects of machining parameters and reinforcement content on thrust force during drilling of hybrid composites
https://doi.org/10.3139/120.110849
Keywords for this article
Non-asbestos organic brake liner; asbestos brake liner; coefficient of friction; wear; SEM

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Contents
  2. Mechanical Testing
  3. Deformation and damage behavior of lightweight steels at high rate multiaxial loading
  4. Failure Analysis
  5. Reheat cracking failure of a welded alloy 803 outlet pigtail tube used in a steam hydrocarbon reforming furnace
  6. Production-Oriented Testing
  7. Surface roughness of Ti6Al4V after heat treatment evaluated by artificial neural networks
  8. Fatigue life of the magnesium alloy AZ31B under specific spectrum loading
  9. Mechanical Testing
  10. Optimization of welding parameters to attain maximum strength in friction stir welded AA7075 joints
  11. Experimental investigations of Al-TiO2-Gr hybrid composites fabricated by stir casting
  12. Corrosion Testing/Failure Analysis
  13. Microstructure investigation of premature corroded heat exchanger plates
  14. Mechanical Testing
  15. Investigation of deep-drilled micro-hole profiles in Hadfield steel
  16. Wear Testing
  17. Investigation of the abrasive wear behavior of an aluminum alloy and its Al2O3 particle reinforced composite by statistical analysis
  18. Production-Oriented Testing
  19. Optimization of process parameters for rectangular cup deep drawing by the Taguchi method and genetic algorithm
  20. Fabrication of microstructured polymers by a simple biotemplate embossing method and their characterization
  21. Fatigue testing/fractography/materialography
  22. Performance of non-asbestos organic brake liners for light motor vehicles
  23. Failure Analysis
  24. Material optimization of a cemented tibia tray using functionally graded material
  25. Mechanical Testing
  26. Effect of agglomeration and dispersion on the elastic properties of polymer nanocomposites: A Monte Carlo finite element analysis
  27. Production-Oriented Testing
  28. Effects of machining parameters and reinforcement content on thrust force during drilling of hybrid composites
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