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Ionic Liquid in Thin-Layer Chromatography of Anionic Surfactants: Selective Separation of Sodium Deoxycholate and Identification in Commercial Products

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Published/Copyright: January 7, 2016
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Tenside Surfactants Detergents
From the journal Tenside Surfactants Detergents Volume 52 Issue 6

Abstract

The coupling of a silica static flat phase impregnated with an ionic liquid (1-methylimidazolium chloride) as stationary phase with 2-methyltetrahydrofuran an alternative green solvent of tetrahydrofuran as mobile phase has been very successful for a selective separation of sodium deoxycholate from other commonly used anionic surfactants. The proposed thin-layer chromatographic system is capable to analytically discriminate among the anionic surfactants in relation to their migration behaviour on an ionic liquid loaded silica layer. The surface structure and chemical composition of silica gel G modified by impregnation were examined with the aid of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrophotometry (EDX) respectively. Effects of concentration level of 1-methylimidazolium chloride as impregnant and its substitution by other ionic liquids (1,2,3-trimethylimidazolium methyl sulphate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) were also studied to decide the optimum experimental conditions for better separation possibilities. Chromatographic parameters such as ΔRF, the separation factor (α) and the resolution (RS) for the separation and limit of detection were calculated. The developed method has been usefully applied for the identification of sodium deoxycholate and sodium lauryl sulphate in formulated and commercially available products (Colgate toothpaste and Head & Shoulder Shampoo).

Kurzfassung

Die Kupplung zwischen einer statischen, mit einer ionischen Flüssigkeit (1-Methylimidazoliumchlorid) imprägnierten Kieselsäureflachphase (stationäre Phase) und 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran als grünem Alternativlösemittel zu Tetrahydrofuran (mobile Phase) hat sich bei der selektiven Abtrennung von Natriumde oxycholat von anderen häufig eingesetzten anionischen Tensiden bewährt. Mit dem vorgeschlagenen Dünnschichtchromatographiesystem kann man analytisch zwischen anionischen Tensiden aufgrund ihres Migrationsverhaltens in der mit ionischer Flüssigkeit beladenen Kieselsäurephase unterscheiden. Die Oberflächenstruktur und die chemische Zusammensetzung des durch Imprägnierung modifizierten Kieselsäuregels G wurden mit Hilfe der Rasterelektronenmikroskopie (REM)und der energiedispersiven Röntgenspektroskopie (EDX) untersucht. Der Konzentrationseinfluss des Imprägniermittels 1-Methylimidazoliumchlorid sowie dessen Substitution durch andere ionische Flüssigkeiten (1,2,3-Trimethylimidazoliummethylsulphat, 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazoliumtetrafluorborat) wurde mit dem Ziel studiert, die optimalen experimentellen Bedingungen für eine bessere Abtrennung zu finden. Die chromatographischen Parameter wie ΔRF, der Trennfaktor (α), die Auflösung (RS) der Trennung und die Nachweisgrenze wurden berechnet. Die entwickelte Methode wurde erfolgreich angewendet für die Identifikation von Natriumdeoxycholat und Natriumlaurylsulfat in kommerziell erhältlichen Produktformulierungen (Colgate-Zahnpasta und Head & Shoulder Shampoo).

Key words: anionic surfactants; thin-layer chromatography; selective separation; densitogram; SEM; EDX
Stichwörter: anionische Tenside; Dünnschichtchromatographie; selektive Abtrennung; Densitogramm; SEM; EDX
*Correspondence address, Prof. Dr. Ali Mohammad, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, Algerien. Tel.: +91-571-2700920 Extn. -3002, +91-9897785425 (Cell). E-Mail: ,

Dr. Ali Mohammad is presently working as the UGC-BSR Faculty Fellow in the Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India after serving as professor and Chairman in the same department accumulating about 35 years teaching and research experience. Dr. Mohammad obtained his M.Sc. (1972), M.Phil. (1975), Ph.D. (1978) and D.Sc. (1996) degrees from Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. After completion of Ph.D. degree, Dr. Ali joined the Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh as lecturer, later on became reader (associate professor) in 1990 and promoted to the post of Professor in 1998. His scientific interests include physicoanalytical aspects of solid state reactions, micellar thin layer chromatography, surfactants analysis and green chromatography. He has supervised 55 students for Ph.D./M.Phil./M.Tech. degrees. He is an author or a coauthor of over 235 scientific papers and book chapters in the area of chromatography. A book in two volumes on Green Solvents (Edited with Dr. Inamuddin) has been published in 2012 by Springer publisher. Dr. Mohammad has served as editor of Journal, Chemical and Environmental Research published from India since 1992 till 2010. He has also served as the Associate Editor for Analytical Chemistry section of Journal of Indian Chemical Society and presently on the editorial boards of Acta Chromatographica, Acta Universitatis Cibiniensis Seria F. Chemia and Annals of Agrarian Science. Recently he has been nominated as Visiting Professor to King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Prof. Mohammad has attended several national and international conferences, delivered lectures and chaired sessions. He is the member of many scientific bodies, Ph. D. Thesis adjudicator in various universities and reviewer of several foreign and Indian journals.

Rizwana Mobin is a research scholar at Department of Applied Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, working currently on Ph.D. entitled “Studies on thin layer chromatographic analysis of surfactants”. She has completed her Graduation and Masters in Industrial Chemistry from A.M.U., Aligarh. She has been gold medalist in Masters (2011). She can be mailed at .

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Received: 2015-01-27
Accepted: 2015-03-30
Published Online: 2016-01-07
Published in Print: 2015-11-16

© 2015, Carl Hanser Publisher, Munich

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  1. Contents/Inhalt
  2. Contents
  3. Hygiene and Washing
  4. Characterization of Microbial Communities in Household Washing Machines
  5. Hygiene in Domestic Laundering – Consumer Behavior in Germany
  6. Timesaving Washing of Textiles Utilizing 38 kHz Ultrasound
  7. Application
  8. Oil Extraction from Oil-Contaminated Drill Cuttings Using a Recyclable Single-Phase O/W Microemulsion
  9. Physical Chemistry
  10. Effect of Sodium Taurocholate on Aggregation Behavior of Amphiphilic Drug Solution
  11. Influence Prediction of Alkylamines Upon Electrical Percolation of AOT-based Microemulsions Using Artificial Neural Networks
  12. Effect of Tween 40 and Tween 60 on the Properties of a Cationic Slow-Set Emulsifier
  13. Magnetic Properties of Polyaniline/ZFe2O4 Nanocomposites Synthesized in CTAB as Surfactant and Ionic Liquid
  14. Novel Surfactants
  15. Ionic Liquid in Thin-Layer Chromatography of Anionic Surfactants: Selective Separation of Sodium Deoxycholate and Identification in Commercial Products
  16. Micellar Catalysis
  17. Combination of Best Promoter and Micellar Catalyst for Chromic Acid Oxidation of D-Arabinose in Aqueous Media at Room Temperature
  18. Environmental Chemistry
  19. Photocatalytic Degradation of Copper(II) Palmitates in Non Aqueous Media Using ZnO as Photocatalyst
https://doi.org/10.3139/113.110402
Keywords for this article
anionic surfactants; thin-layer chromatography; selective separation; densitogram; SEM; EDX

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Contents/Inhalt
  2. Contents
  3. Hygiene and Washing
  4. Characterization of Microbial Communities in Household Washing Machines
  5. Hygiene in Domestic Laundering – Consumer Behavior in Germany
  6. Timesaving Washing of Textiles Utilizing 38 kHz Ultrasound
  7. Application
  8. Oil Extraction from Oil-Contaminated Drill Cuttings Using a Recyclable Single-Phase O/W Microemulsion
  9. Physical Chemistry
  10. Effect of Sodium Taurocholate on Aggregation Behavior of Amphiphilic Drug Solution
  11. Influence Prediction of Alkylamines Upon Electrical Percolation of AOT-based Microemulsions Using Artificial Neural Networks
  12. Effect of Tween 40 and Tween 60 on the Properties of a Cationic Slow-Set Emulsifier
  13. Magnetic Properties of Polyaniline/ZFe2O4 Nanocomposites Synthesized in CTAB as Surfactant and Ionic Liquid
  14. Novel Surfactants
  15. Ionic Liquid in Thin-Layer Chromatography of Anionic Surfactants: Selective Separation of Sodium Deoxycholate and Identification in Commercial Products
  16. Micellar Catalysis
  17. Combination of Best Promoter and Micellar Catalyst for Chromic Acid Oxidation of D-Arabinose in Aqueous Media at Room Temperature
  18. Environmental Chemistry
  19. Photocatalytic Degradation of Copper(II) Palmitates in Non Aqueous Media Using ZnO as Photocatalyst
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