Concentrations of Endocrine Disrupting Alkylphenols and Their Mono- and Diethoxylates in Sediments and Water from Artificial Lake Malta in Poland
-
A. Zgoła-Grześkowiak
Abstract
In the present paper analysis of alkylphenols and their short-chained ethoxylates was presented. The analytes were determined in sediments from Lake Malta as well as in water incoming to and outgoing from the lake. Sonication-assisted extraction was used for isolation of the analytes from the sediment samples. Solid-phase extraction with polytetrafluoroethylene sorbent was used for both clean-up of extracts and isolation of analytes from the water samples. Alkylphenols and their ethoxylates were quantitatively analysed with the use of HPLC with fluorescence detection. The analytes were determined in the sediment samples at relatively low concentrations with the maximum concentration of 168 μg kg−1 for nonylphenol monoethoxylate, which can be ascribed to periodic removal of sediments from Lake Malta. Maximum concentration in water samples was noted for nonylphenol at 0.56 μg L−1. No octylphenol nor its ethoxylates were found in the water samples.
Kurzfassung
In dieser Untersuchung wurden Alkylphenole und ihrer kurzkettigen Ethoxilate analysiert. Die Analyten wurden in den Sedimenten des Malta-Stausees sowie in den zu- und abfließenden Gewässern des Sees bestimmt. Zur Isolation der Analyten aus den Sedimentproben wurde eine Extraktionsmethode mit Ultraschallbehandlung eingesetzt. Eine Festphasen-Extraktion mit Polytetrafluorethylensorbens wurde sowohl für die Aufreinigung der Extrakte als auch für die Isolation der Analyten in den Wasserproben genutzt. Die Alkylphenole und ihre Ethoxylate wurden quatitativ mittels HPLC und Fluoreszenz-Detektion analysiert. Die Analyten wurden in den Sedimentproben in re-lativ geringen Konzentrationen nachgewiesen. Die maximale Nonylphenolmonoethoxylatkonzentration betrug 168 μg kg−1, was der regelmäßigen Entfernung des Sediments aus dem Malta-See zugeschrieben werden kann. Die maximale Konzentration an Nonylphenol in den Wasserproben lag bei 0,56 μg L−1. Es wurden weder Oktylphenol noch seine Ethoxylate in den Wasserproben nachgewiesen.
References
1. Ahel, M., Giger, W., Koch, M.: Water Res.28 (1994) 1131. 10.1016/0043-1354(94)90200-3Suche in Google Scholar
2. Renner, R.: Environ. Sci. Technol.31 (1997) 316A. 10.1021/es972366qSuche in Google Scholar
3. Montgomery, J., Reinhard, M.: Environ. Eng. Sci.20 (2003) 471. 10.1089/109287503768335940Suche in Google Scholar
4. GigerW., BrunnerP.H., SchaffnerC.: Science225 (1984) 623. 10.1126/science.6740328Suche in Google Scholar
5. Ahel, M., Hrsak, D., Giger, W.: Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.26 (1994) 540. 10.1007/BF00214159Suche in Google Scholar
6. Soto, A. M., Justicia, H., Wray, J., Sonnenschein, C.: Environ. Health Persp.92 (1991) 167. 10.1289/ehp.9192167Suche in Google Scholar
7. Jobling, S., Sumpter, J. P.: Aquat. Toxicol.27 (1993) 361. 10.1016/0166-445X(93)90064-8Suche in Google Scholar
8. White, R., Joblins, S., Hoare, S. A., Sumpter, J. P., Parker, M. G.: Endocrinology135 (1994) 175. 10.1210/en.135.1.175Suche in Google Scholar
9. Rice, C. P., Schmitz-Alfonso, J., Loyo-Rosales, J. E., Link, E., Thoma, R., Fay, L., Altfater, D., Camp, M. J.: Environ. Sci. Technol.37 (2003) 3747. 10.1021/es034105oSuche in Google Scholar PubMed
10. Wang, L., Wu, Y., Sun, H., Xu, J., Dai, S.: Environ. Int.32 (2006) 907. 10.1016/j.envint.2006.06.012Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
11. Yu, Y., Zhai, H., Hou, S., Sun, H.: Chemosphere77 (2009) 1. 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.06.036Suche in Google Scholar
12. Micić, V., Hofmann, T.: Environ. Pollut.157 (2009) 2759. 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.04.028Suche in Google Scholar
13. Heemken, O.P., Reincke, H., Stachel, B., Theobald, N.: Chemosphere45 (2001) 245. 10.1016/S0045-6535(00)00570-1Suche in Google Scholar
14. Loyo-Rosales, J. E., Schmitz-Alfonso, J., Rice, C. P., Torrents, A.: Anal. Chem.75 (2003) 4811. 10.1021/ac0262762Suche in Google Scholar
15. Li, D., Kim, M., Oh, J.-R., Park, J.: Chemosphere56 (2004) 783. 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.01.008Suche in Google Scholar
16. Mayer, T., Bennie, D., Rosa, F., Rekas, G., Palabrica, V., Schachtschneider, J.: Environ. Pollut.147 (2007) 683. 10.1016/j.envpol.2006.09.012Suche in Google Scholar
17. Zhang, Z., Wu, Z., He, L.: Chemosphere73 (2008) 859. 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.05.016Suche in Google Scholar
18. Shang, D. Y., Ikonomou, M. G., Macdonald, R. W.: J. Chromatogr. A849 (1999) 467. 10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00563-4Suche in Google Scholar
19. Chen, B., Mai, B.-X., Duan, J.-Ch., Luo, X.-J., Yang, Q.-S., Sheng, G.-Y., Fu, J.-M: Marine Polution Bulletin50 (2005) 993. 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.06.033Suche in Google Scholar
20. Valsecchi, S., Polesello, S., Cavalli, S.: J. Chromatogr. A925 (2001) 297. 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)01039-1Suche in Google Scholar
21. Núñez, L., Turiel, E., Tadeo, J. L.: J. Chromatogr. A1146 (2007) 157. 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.01.101Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
22. Liu, R., Zhou, J. L., Wilding, A.: J. Chromatogr. A1038 (2004) 19. 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.03.030Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
23. Zgoła-Grześkowiak, A., Grześkowiak, T.: Tenside Surf. Det.46 (2009) 200.Suche in Google Scholar
24. Directive 2003/53/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 June 2003 amending for the 26th time Council Directive 76/769/EEC relating to restrictions on the marketing and use of certain dangerous substances and preparations (nonylphenol, nonylphenol ethoxylate and cement), 2003.Suche in Google Scholar
25. Morchalo, J., Rydlichowski, R., Szymański, A., Wyrwas, B., Lukaszewski, Z.: Anal Chim. Acta540 (2005) 9. 10.1016/j.aca.2004.10.081Suche in Google Scholar
26. Zgoła-Grześkowiak, A., Grześkowiak, T., Rydlichowski, R., Łukaszewski, Z.: Chemosphere75 (2009) 513. 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.12.022Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
27. Zgoła-Grześkowiak, A., Grześkowiak, T.: Inter. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. (2010) 10.1080/03067310903359534.Suche in Google Scholar
28. Zgoła-Grześkowiak, A., Grześkowiak, T., Rydlichowski, R., Hołderna-Odachowska, A., Łukaszewski, Z.: J. Chromatogr. Sci. (2010) in press.Suche in Google Scholar
29. Ferguson, P. L., Iden, C. R., Brownawell, B. J.: Environ. Sci. Technol.35 (2001) 2428. 10.1021/es001871bSuche in Google Scholar PubMed
30. Canadian Sediment Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Aquatic Life, Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, 2002.Suche in Google Scholar
31. Brix, R., Postigo, C., González, S., Villagrasa, M., Navarro, A., Kuster, M.Lopez de Alda, M. J., Barceló, D.: Anal. Bioanal Chem.396 (2010) 1301. 10.1007/s00216-009-3358-8Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
32. Céspedes, R., Lacorte, S., Raldúa, D., Ginebrada, A., Barceló, D., Piña, B.: Chemosphere61 (2005) 1710. 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.03.082Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
33. Directive 2008/105/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008, on environmental quality standards in the field of water policy, amending and subsequently repealing Council Directives 82/176/EEC, 83/513/EEC, 84/156/EEC, 84/491/EEC, 86/280/EEC and amending Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council 2008.Suche in Google Scholar
© 2010, Carl Hanser Publisher, Munich
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Contents/Inhalt
- Contents
- Abstracts
- Abstracts
- Analysis
- Fragmentation Mechanism of Alkyl-monoglycosides by Mass Spectrometry
- Environmental
- Concentrations of Endocrine Disrupting Alkylphenols and Their Mono- and Diethoxylates in Sediments and Water from Artificial Lake Malta in Poland
- Synthesis
- Synthesis of 1,1,1-Triethoxycarbonyl-3-[2-(F-alkyl)-ethyl]propanes and 1,1,q,q-Tetraalkoxycarbonyl-1,q-di-[2-(F-alkyl)-ethyl]alcanes as Precursors of Anionic Surfactants
- Synthesis and Properties of Di-n-hexadecyl-α,ω-Alkyl Bisphosphate Surfactants
- Novel Surfactants
- Study of Glycerol and Sweet Water as a Carbon Source for Production of Rhamnolipids by Naturally Occurring Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 10145 and ATCC 9027)
- Study on the Synthesis and Surface Activities of Novel Alkyl Sulfonate Gemini Surfactants
- Physical Chemistry
- Synergistic Effect of Cationic-Nonionic Surfactants on Simultaneous Separation of Phenylalanine and Tyrosine
- Thermodynamics of Micellization and Conductance Behavior of Uranyl Soap Solutions
- The Micelle-to-Vesicle Phase Transition in Dilute Aqueous Solution from Undecylamine Induced by Metal(II) ion (Cu2+)
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Contents/Inhalt
- Contents
- Abstracts
- Abstracts
- Analysis
- Fragmentation Mechanism of Alkyl-monoglycosides by Mass Spectrometry
- Environmental
- Concentrations of Endocrine Disrupting Alkylphenols and Their Mono- and Diethoxylates in Sediments and Water from Artificial Lake Malta in Poland
- Synthesis
- Synthesis of 1,1,1-Triethoxycarbonyl-3-[2-(F-alkyl)-ethyl]propanes and 1,1,q,q-Tetraalkoxycarbonyl-1,q-di-[2-(F-alkyl)-ethyl]alcanes as Precursors of Anionic Surfactants
- Synthesis and Properties of Di-n-hexadecyl-α,ω-Alkyl Bisphosphate Surfactants
- Novel Surfactants
- Study of Glycerol and Sweet Water as a Carbon Source for Production of Rhamnolipids by Naturally Occurring Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 10145 and ATCC 9027)
- Study on the Synthesis and Surface Activities of Novel Alkyl Sulfonate Gemini Surfactants
- Physical Chemistry
- Synergistic Effect of Cationic-Nonionic Surfactants on Simultaneous Separation of Phenylalanine and Tyrosine
- Thermodynamics of Micellization and Conductance Behavior of Uranyl Soap Solutions
- The Micelle-to-Vesicle Phase Transition in Dilute Aqueous Solution from Undecylamine Induced by Metal(II) ion (Cu2+)
