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Removal of Brilliant Blue R from Aqueous Solutions on Activated Carbon Produced from Carbonaceous Substrate

  • S. Alam , M. Ahmad and F. K. Bangash
Published/Copyright: April 2, 2013
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Tenside Surfactants Detergents
From the journal Tenside Surfactants Detergents Volume 46 Issue 4

Abstract

Adsorption of brilliant blue R on activated carbon produced from the wood of Paulownia Tomentosa was investigated. Samples characterization by XRD, SEM, EDS and FTIR showed that the oxygen containing surface functional groups (carboxyls, lactones or phenols and ethers) were present on the surface which were eliminated at 800°C. Activation at 800°C, resulted in the opening of porous structure thereby increasing the adsorption capacity. Relatively high amounts of carbon with respect to oxygen were found in the samples with the rise in activation temperature. The adsorption kinetic at 10 and 45°C showed that the first order, Bangham and parabolic diffusion models are applied to the data. The rate constant increased with the rise in temperature of adsorption/activation. Thermodynamic properties (ΔE≠, ΔH≠, ΔS≠ and ΔGo) for the adsorption process were calculated. Positive values of ΔH≠ showed that the adsorption of brilliant blue R is endothermic. Negative values of ΔS≠ reflected the decrease in the disorder of the system at the solid-solution interface during adsorption. The Gibbs free energy, which is the driving force for adsorption is negative indicating spontaneous adsorption. Freundlich and Langmuir models described the equilibrium adsorption data and Thomas model was used for the column study.

Kurzfassung

Die Adsorption von Brillant Blau R über Aktivkohle, hergestellt aus dem Holz Paulownia Tomentosa, wurde untersucht. Die Probencharakterisierung mittels XRD, SEM, EDS und FTIR zeigte, dass sauerstoffhaltige oberflächenfunktionale Gruppen (Carboxyle, Lactone oder Phenole und Ether) an der Oberfläche gegenwärtig waren, die bei 800°C eliminiert wurden. Die Aktivierung bei 800°C resultiert dabei aus der Öffnung poröser Strukturen mit einer Erhöhung der Adsorptionskapazität. Bezüglich des Sauerstoffs wurden mit Anhebung der Aktivierungstemperatur relativ hohe Mengen an Kohlenstoff in den Proben gefunden. Die Adsorptionskinetik bei 10 und 45°C zeigte anhand der Daten, dass eine Adsorption erster Ordnung, Bangham und das parabolische Diffusionsmodell angewendet werden können. Die Geschwindigkeitskonstante erhöhte sich mit Anhebung der Adsorptions-/Aktivierungs-Temperatur. Die thermodynamischen Eigenschaften (ΔE≠, ΔH≠, ΔS≠ und ΔGo) wurden für den Adsorptionsprozess berechnet. Die positiven Werte für ΔH≠ zeigten eine endotherme Adsorption von Brillant Blau R. Die negative Werte für ΔS≠ reflektieren eine Abnahme der Unordnung im System an der festen Lösungsgrenzfläche während der Adsorption. Die Gibb'sche freie Energie als treibende Kraft der Adsorption ist negativ, was eine spontane Adsorption anzeigt. Die Modelle nach Freundlich und Langmuir beschreiben die Werte der Gleichgewichtsadsorption und für die Säulenuntersuchung wurde das Thomas-Modell eingesetzt.

Key words:: Characterization; chemical and thermal treatment; functional groups; adsorption
Stichwörter:: Charakterisierung; chemische und thermale Behandlung; funktionelle Gruppen; Adsorption
∗ Dr. Sultan Alam, Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Ckakdara Malakand, NWFP, Pakistan, E-Mail:

Dr. Sultan Alam is Assistant Professor in Physical Chemistry, University of Malakand, at Chakdara, Dir (L), Pakistan. He received M.Sc, M.Phil and Ph.D in Chemistry from the Department of Chemistry University of Peshawar. His research interest includes: Conversion of low cost precursors into activated carbon like agricultural waste material, fast growing wood, animal bones. – Characterization of adsorbents by surface area (BET, DR, BJH, and Langmuir), pore size distribution, FTIR, XRD, SEM and EDS. – Surface Chemistry at solid-liquid interface i.e. activated carbon, clays and soil. – Removal of organic and in-organic pollutants from aqueous solutions by active adsorbents like activated carbon, clays and soil breakthrough technique for the utilization of low cost adsorbents into industrial effluents treatments.

Dr. Manzoor Ahmad is Assistant Professor in Organic Chemistry, University of Malakand, at Chakdara, Dir (L), Pakistan. He received M.Sc and M.Phil degrees in Chemistry from University of Peshawar and Ph.D from H.E.J Research Institute, University of Karachai, Pakistan. His research interest is phytochemistry. He is also working in the interpretation of FTIR, NMR, Mass spectra.

Dr. Fazlullah Khan Bangash is Associate Professor in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Pakistan. He received M.Sc from Gomal University, D.I.Khan, M.Phil and Ph.D in Physical Chemistry from University of Peshawar, Pakistan. His research interest is the characterization of adsorbents, water pollution and surface chemistry at the solid-liquid interface.

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Received: 2009-01-06
Revised: 2009-04-01
Published Online: 2013-04-02
Published in Print: 2009-07-01

© 2009, Carl Hanser Publisher, Munich

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https://doi.org/10.3139/113.110025
Keywords for this article
Characterization; chemical and thermal treatment; functional groups; adsorption

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Contents/Inhalt
  2. Contents
  3. Abstracts
  4. Abstracts
  5. Application
  6. Phase Behavior of Engkabang Fat with Nonionic Surfactants
  7. Environmental Chemistry
  8. Liquid Chromatography with Fluores-cence Detection as a Tool for Separation of Endocrine Disrupting Alkylphenols and their Mono- and Diethoxylates in Analysis of River Water Samples
  9. Removal of Brilliant Blue R from Aqueous Solutions on Activated Carbon Produced from Carbonaceous Substrate
  10. Physical Chemistry
  11. Synthesis and Surface Properties of Trisiloxane-modified Oligo(ethylene oxide)
  12. Kinetic and Mechanistic Study of the Influence of Micelles on the Oxidation of Acetone by N-Bromophthalimide in Aqueous Acetic Acid Medium
  13. Synthesis
  14. Synthesis of Cationic Surfactant Intermediates 3-(dimethylamino)-propane-1,2-di-alkylcarbamate
  15. Technical Chemistry
  16. Olefins Derived from Vegetable Oils and their Utilization in Preparation of Surface Active Agent
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