Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION v
3. PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION vi
4. PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION vii
5. CONTENTS ix
6. I. INTRODUCTION: PROPERTIES OF METEOROLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS
7. 1. General properties of scientific instruments 1
8. 2. Special characteristics of meteorological instruments 5
9. 3. Characteristics of recording instruments in general 6
10. 4. Control of recording instruments by eye readings of non-recording instruments 11
11. II. THE MEASUREMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
12. 1. General principles and methods 14
13. 2. Discussion of units of pressure 15
14. 3. General errors of pressure measurements 17
15. 4. The mercury barometer 18
16. 5. Elastic barometers 42
17. 6. The hypsometer 52
18. 7. Pressure variographs and variometers 53
19. III. THE MEASUREMENT OF TEMPERATURE IN METEOROLOGY
20. 1. Scope of the chapter. Definition of temperature. Units 57
21. 2. Exposure of thermometers 58
22. 3. The lag coefficients of meteorological thermometers 63
23. 4. Classification of meteorological thermometers 67
24. 5. Liquid-in-glass thermometers 67
25. 6. Deformation thermometers 75
26. 7. Liquid-in-metal thermometers 80
27. 8. Electrical thermometers 82
28. 9. The testing of thermometers and thermographs 92
29. 10. Checking thermographs against thermometers in the screen 94
30. IV. THE MEASUREMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY
31. 1. Introduction: Units of measurement 96
32. 2. Classification of methods of humidity measurement 98
33. 3. The psychrometer 99
34. 4. The hair hygrometer 105
35. 5. The dew-point hygrometer 111
36. 6. Absorption hygrometry 114
37. 7. Diffusion hygrometers 115
38. 8. Optical Hygrometers 115
39. 9. Hygrometer calibration cechniques 116
40. V. THE MEASUREMENT OF PRECIPITATION AND EVAPORATION
41. 1. General considerations 118
42. 2. The ordinary rain gauge 119
43. 3. Recording rain gauges 121
44. 4. Totalizers 125
45. 5. Rate-of-rainfall recorders 125
46. 6. Measurement of snow 126
47. 7. Exposure of rain and snow gauges 126
48. 8. Rainfall measurements by radar 129
49. 9. Measurement of dew: Drosometers 130
50. 10. Measurement of evaporation 131
51. VI. THE MEASUREMENT OF WIND NEAR THE SURFACE
52. I. General considerations: Units 135
53. 2. Wind vanes 136
54. 3. The measurement of wind speed: Classification of Anemometers 141
55. 4. Rotation anemometers 141
56. 5. Pressure-plate anemometers 151
57. 6. Bridled anemometers 153
58. 7. Pressure-tube anemometers 153
59. 8. Anemometers making use of the cooling powers of the air 162
60. 9. Exposure of wind instruments 164
61. VII. THE MEASUREMENT OF UPPER WINDS BY MEANS OF PILOT BALLOONS
62. 1. General remarks 166
63. 2. Balloons 166
64. 3. Theodolites for following balloons 175
65. 4. Methods of observation and computation 181
66. 5. General accuracy of pilot-balloon results 189
67. 6. Upper winds by radio and radar 189
68. 7. Controlled-altitude free balloons 196
69. VIII. INSTRUMENTS FOR INVESTIGATING CLOUDS
70. 1. The measurable attributes of clouds 197
71. 2. Cloud amount 197
72. 3. Cloud direction 197
73. 4. Speed of motion 199
74. 5. Measurement of cloud height 200
75. 6. The structure of clouds 209
76. 7. Cloud photography 213
77. 8. Sferics 214
78. 9. Radar meteorology 215
79. IX. SUNSHINE RECORDERS
80. 1. General considerations 217
81. 2. The Campbell-Stokes recorder 219
82. 3. The Jordan sunshine recorder 221
83. 4. The Pers sunshine recorder 222
84. 5. The Marvin sunshine recorder 222
85. 6. Sunshine intensity recorders 224
86. X. INSTRUMENTS FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF THE UPPER AIR
87. I. Introduction 228
88. 2. Sounding balloons 229
89. 3. Sounding-balloon meteorographs (without radio) 230
90. 4. Special applications of sounding balloons 231
91. 5. Aircraft observations 232
92. 6. Radiosondes: General remarks and classification 243
93. 7. The time-interval radiosonde 245
94. 8. Code-type radiosonde 250
95. 9. The variable-radio-frequency-type radiosonde 252
96. 10. Variable-audio-frequency radiosonde 254
97. 11. The errors of radiosondes 260
98. 12. Constant-level-balloon radiosondes 263
99. 13. Special uses of radiosondes 263
100. 14. Calibration apparatus 264
101. 15. Radio wave soundings 264
102. XI. SPECIAL METEOROLOGICAL ASSEMBLIES AND SYSTEMS
103. 1. General 266
104. 2. Portable packaged weather stations 266
105. 3. Mobile meteorological stations 266
106. 4. Automatic weather stations 268
107. 5. The complete weather instrument-an atmospheric intelligence system 273
108. INDEX 277