Etherification of glycerol with tert-butyl alcohol catalysed by ion-exchange resins
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K. Klepáčová
,
D. Mravec
Abstract
The reaction of glycerol with tert-butyl alcohol in the liquid phase on acid Amberlyst-type ion-exchange resins was studied. The influence of temperature, mole ratio n(TBA)/n(G), water and swelling of gel, and macroreticular type of polymer catalysts on etherification reaction was investigated. The most favourable reaction temperature is 75°C. The conversion of glycerol and yield of glycerol tert-butyl ethers has increased with the mole ratio n(TBA)/n(G). Dry form of macroreticular catalysts provided the best results. Etherification reaction of glycerol with isobutylene in non-aqueous conditions gives the highest yield of desired ethers. The influence of water was studied. The gel forms of ion-exchange resins have very low catalytic activity. It can be concluded that water has an inhibition effect on ion-exchange resins. By comparing the gel and macroreticular forms of Amberlyst ion-exchange resins it can be concluded that very acid forms of macroreticular ion-exchange resins with a high degree of crosslinking are more active catalysts for the studied reaction due to their pores which are sufficiently large so that the voluminous tert-butyl ethers of glycerol can be formed. It was estimated that tert-butyl alcohol as tert-butylation agent is not suitable for etherification of glycerol with the formation of di-and triethers.
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© 2006 Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences
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Artikel in diesem Heft
- Calibrationless determination of electroactive species using chronoamperograms at collector segment of interdigitated microelectrode array
- The β-carotene dilemma: ESR study with coordinated peroxyl radicals
- Determination of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural after Winkler and by the HPLC method for authentication of honey
- A simple linear sweep voltammetric method for the determination of double-stranded DNA with malachite green
- Spectral and electrochemical study of coordination molecules Cu4OX6L4: 3-Pyridylmethanol and 4-pyridylmethanol Cu4OBrnCl(6−n)(pm)4 complexes
- Magnetic, spectral, and thermal behaviour of 2-chloro-4-nitrobenzoates of Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II)
- Synthesis, characterization, and biological activities of some transition metal(II) complexes with the thiosemicarbazone derived from 4-[1-(4-methylphenylsulfonyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]but-3-en-2-one
- Crystal structure and thermal chemical properties of 2-(2,4-dimethylanilino)-3-methyl-6-diethylaminofluorane
- Etherification of glycerol with tert-butyl alcohol catalysed by ion-exchange resins
- Synthesis and reactions of 2-and 4-substituted furo[3,2-c]pyridines
- Synthetic approaches towards bisspiro[naphthalene-2(1H),3′-(3H)pyrazol]-1-one-containing compounds
- Mild Pfitzner—Moffat oxidation of the (1→3)-β-D-glucan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- Limited sample recovery in coupled methods of high-performance liquid chromatography of synthetic polymers
