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Determination of defect structures in kaolin minerals by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM)

  • Toshihiro Kogure EMAIL logo and Atsuyuki Inoue
Published/Copyright: March 28, 2015
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American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 90 Issue 1

Abstract

Near-atomic resolution TEM imaging has been successfully applied to determine the stacking defect structures in kaolin minerals, especially kaolinite. The specimen studied is from the middle stage of the depth-related kaolinite-to-dickite transformation in a sandstone reservoir. Several high-quality images were recorded on films in which the tetrahedral and octahedral positions in the kaolinite unit layers are clearly resolved, despite the obstacle of electron radiation damage. Electron diffraction and high-resolution imaging of dickite showed that few stacking defects exist in this polytype. On the other hand, kaolinite crystals contain a high density of stacking defects. These defects or stacking disorders are formed by a mixture of two kinds of lateral interlayer shifts, t1 (approximately −a/3) and t2(-a/3 + b/3), between adjacent layers. Disorder due to the coexistence of B and C layers (dickite-like stacking sequence) was never observed. These results provide not only an unambiguous settlement for the long -standing controversy of the defect structures in kaolinite, but also a new clue to understanding the kaolinite-to-dickite transformation mechanism.

Received: 2004-1-14
Accepted: 2004-5-21
Published Online: 2015-3-28
Published in Print: 2005-1-1

© 2015 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Contact metamorphism of the White Mountain Peak metavolcanic complex, eastern California
  2. Structure and luminescence characteristics of quartz from pegmatites
  3. Evidence for monazite-, barite-, and AgMnO4 (distorted barite)-type structures of CaSO4 at high pressure and temperature
  4. The “template” effect of the extra-framework content on zeolite compression: The case of yugawaralite
  5. The influence of OH in coesite on the kinetics of the coesite-quartz phase transition
  6. First-principles study of hydrogen bond symmetrization of phase D under high pressure
  7. First-principles study of OH-stretching modes in kaolinite, dickite, and nacrite
  8. A systematic study of OH in hydrous wadsleyite from polarized FTIR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction: Oxygen sites for hydrogen storage in Earthʼs interior
  9. Determination of the content and distribution of fixed ammonium in illite-smectite using a modified X-ray diffraction technique: Application to oil source rocks of western Greenland
  10. Determination of defect structures in kaolin minerals by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM)
  11. Mössbauer spectroscopy of omphacite and garnet pairs from eclogites: Application to geothermobarometry
  12. Allanite and epidote weathering at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, western North Carolina, U.S.A.
  13. Ca2SiO3OHF—A high-pressure phase with dense calcium polyhedral packing and tetrahedral silicon
  14. Relationships between SEM-cathodoluminescence response and trace-element composition of hydrothermal vein quartz
  15. Quantitative evaluation of attenuation contrast of X-ray computed tomography images using monochromatized beams
  16. Biotic and abiotic products of Mn(II) oxidation by spores of the marine Bacillus sp. strain SG-1
  17. The Mn, Mg-intracrystalline exchange reaction in donpeacorite (Mn0.54Ca0.03Mg1.43Si2O6) and its relation to the fractionation behavior of Mn in Fe, Mg-orthopyroxene
  18. Crystal structures of chalcostibite (CuSbS2) and emplectite (CuBiS2): Structural relationship of stereochemical activity between chalcostibite and emplectite
  19. Hydration and swelling of synthetic Na-saponites: Influence of layer charge
  20. Dehydroxylation and CO2 incorporation in annealed mica (sericite): An infrared spectroscopic study
  21. Relict coesite exsolution in omphacite from Western Tianshan eclogites, China
  22. Hyperfine electric field gradients and local distortion environments of octahedrally coordinated Fe2+
  23. A synchrotron Mössbauer spectroscopy study of (Mg,Fe)SiO3 perovskite up to 120 GPa
  24. Temporal stability and pressure calibration of barium carbonate and talc/pyrex pressure media in a piston-cylinder apparatus
  25. Cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, to 982 °C using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction
  26. Halite-sylvite thermoconsolution
  27. The role of water in the structures of synthetic hallimondite, Pb2[(UO2)(AsO4)2](H2O)n and synthetic parsonsite, Pb2[(UO2)(PO4)2](H2O)n, 0 ≤ n ≤ 0.5
  28. Variable-temperature structural studies of tetranatrolite from Mt. Saint-Hilaire: Synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction and Rietveld analysis
  29. Letter. Pressure-induced stabilization of ordered paranatrolite: A new insight into the paranatrolite controversy
  30. Letter. The effect of zinc sulfide on phase transformations of ferrihydrite
  31. Letter. Stability and equation of state of MgGeO3 post-perovskite phase
  32. Letter. Pressure dependence of the OH-stretching mode in F-rich natural topaz and topaz-OH
https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2005.1603

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Contact metamorphism of the White Mountain Peak metavolcanic complex, eastern California
  2. Structure and luminescence characteristics of quartz from pegmatites
  3. Evidence for monazite-, barite-, and AgMnO4 (distorted barite)-type structures of CaSO4 at high pressure and temperature
  4. The “template” effect of the extra-framework content on zeolite compression: The case of yugawaralite
  5. The influence of OH in coesite on the kinetics of the coesite-quartz phase transition
  6. First-principles study of hydrogen bond symmetrization of phase D under high pressure
  7. First-principles study of OH-stretching modes in kaolinite, dickite, and nacrite
  8. A systematic study of OH in hydrous wadsleyite from polarized FTIR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction: Oxygen sites for hydrogen storage in Earthʼs interior
  9. Determination of the content and distribution of fixed ammonium in illite-smectite using a modified X-ray diffraction technique: Application to oil source rocks of western Greenland
  10. Determination of defect structures in kaolin minerals by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM)
  11. Mössbauer spectroscopy of omphacite and garnet pairs from eclogites: Application to geothermobarometry
  12. Allanite and epidote weathering at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, western North Carolina, U.S.A.
  13. Ca2SiO3OHF—A high-pressure phase with dense calcium polyhedral packing and tetrahedral silicon
  14. Relationships between SEM-cathodoluminescence response and trace-element composition of hydrothermal vein quartz
  15. Quantitative evaluation of attenuation contrast of X-ray computed tomography images using monochromatized beams
  16. Biotic and abiotic products of Mn(II) oxidation by spores of the marine Bacillus sp. strain SG-1
  17. The Mn, Mg-intracrystalline exchange reaction in donpeacorite (Mn0.54Ca0.03Mg1.43Si2O6) and its relation to the fractionation behavior of Mn in Fe, Mg-orthopyroxene
  18. Crystal structures of chalcostibite (CuSbS2) and emplectite (CuBiS2): Structural relationship of stereochemical activity between chalcostibite and emplectite
  19. Hydration and swelling of synthetic Na-saponites: Influence of layer charge
  20. Dehydroxylation and CO2 incorporation in annealed mica (sericite): An infrared spectroscopic study
  21. Relict coesite exsolution in omphacite from Western Tianshan eclogites, China
  22. Hyperfine electric field gradients and local distortion environments of octahedrally coordinated Fe2+
  23. A synchrotron Mössbauer spectroscopy study of (Mg,Fe)SiO3 perovskite up to 120 GPa
  24. Temporal stability and pressure calibration of barium carbonate and talc/pyrex pressure media in a piston-cylinder apparatus
  25. Cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, to 982 °C using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction
  26. Halite-sylvite thermoconsolution
  27. The role of water in the structures of synthetic hallimondite, Pb2[(UO2)(AsO4)2](H2O)n and synthetic parsonsite, Pb2[(UO2)(PO4)2](H2O)n, 0 ≤ n ≤ 0.5
  28. Variable-temperature structural studies of tetranatrolite from Mt. Saint-Hilaire: Synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction and Rietveld analysis
  29. Letter. Pressure-induced stabilization of ordered paranatrolite: A new insight into the paranatrolite controversy
  30. Letter. The effect of zinc sulfide on phase transformations of ferrihydrite
  31. Letter. Stability and equation of state of MgGeO3 post-perovskite phase
  32. Letter. Pressure dependence of the OH-stretching mode in F-rich natural topaz and topaz-OH
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