Startseite Peralkalinity in peraluminous granitic pegmatites. II. Evidence from experiments on carbonate formation in spodumene-bearing assemblages
Artikel
Lizenziert
Nicht lizenziert Erfordert eine Authentifizierung

Peralkalinity in peraluminous granitic pegmatites. II. Evidence from experiments on carbonate formation in spodumene-bearing assemblages

  • Yongchao Liu , Christian Schmidt und Jiankang Li
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 26. Januar 2022
Veröffentlichen auch Sie bei De Gruyter Brill

Abstract

Carbonate has often been identified in aqueous carbonic inclusions in spodumene-bearing and other pegmatites, but its origin remains unclear. Here, the conditions at which carbonate and hydrogen carbonate can be generated from spodumene, CO2 and H2O, were studied using a hydrothermal diamond-anvil cell (HDAC) and Raman spectroscopy. In all experiments, spodumene persisted in aqueous carbonic solution up to the maximum temperature (600 to 800 °C). Heating of hydrogen carbonate/ oxalate solutions produced CO2- and HCO3-rich peralkaline fluids, which resulted in strong corrosion of spodumene (and polylithionite-trilithionite) and, in one run, formation of zabuyelite [Li2(CO3)] crystals at low temperatures. The experiments indicate that the reaction of spodumene with CO2 and H2O requires a peralkaline fluid to proceed rapidly. In addition, they show that spodumene crystallizes upon the heating of quartz, muscovite, and aqueous lithium carbonate solution. We conclude that if the aqueous fluid was rich in alkali hydrogen carbonate, zabuyelite in fluid inclusions in pegmatites can form both via a subsolidus reaction of CO2-bearing fluid inclusion with the spodumene host or by trapping a peralkaline fluid early in the evolution of simple or complex pegmatites. The results of our experimental study strengthen the conclusion that, although counterintuitive, hydrogen carbonate-rich peralkaline fluids may be involved in the evolution of peraluminous granitic pegmatites, in which peralkaline minerals are normally absent or very rare.

Funding statement: Jiankang Li and Yongchao Liu acknowledge support from the National Key R&D program of China (2019YFC0605200), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41872096), and the Chinese National Non-profit Institute Research Grant of CAGS-IMR (JYYWF201814). Yongchao Liu acknowledges support from the China Scholarship Council (201908110333).

Acknowledgments

We thank Pietro Vignola, Rainer Thomas, and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments to improve an earlier version of the manuscript. Collection of spodumene from the Pala Chief Mine and of polylithionite-trilithionite from the Elizabeth R. Mine was permitted by the owner, Jeff Swanger. Yongchao Liu is grateful to Monika Koch-Müller for providing the opportunity to study at Section 3.6 Chemistry and Physics of Earth Materials, GFZ Potsdam.

References cited

Anderson, A.J. (2013) Are silicate-rich inclusions in spodumene crystallized aliquots of boundary layer melt? Geofluids, 13, 460–466.10.1111/gfl.12041Suche in Google Scholar

Anderson, A.J. (2019) Microthermometric behavior of crystal-rich inclusions in spodumene under confining pressure. Canadian Mineralogist, 57, 853–865.10.3749/canmin.1900013Suche in Google Scholar

Anderson, A.J., Clark, A.H., and Gray, S. (2001) The occurrence and origin of zabuyelite (Li2CO3) in spodumene-hosted fluid inclusions: Implications for the internal evolution of rare-element granitic pegmatites. Canadian Mineralogist, 39, 1513–1527.10.2113/gscanmin.39.6.1513Suche in Google Scholar

Bassett, W.A., Shen, A.H., Bucknum, M., and Chou, I.-M. (1993) A new diamond anvil cell for hydrothermal studies to 2.5 GPa and from −190 to 1200 °C. Review of Scientific Instruments, 64, 2340–2345.10.1063/1.1143931Suche in Google Scholar

Beurlen, H., Thomas, R., Rodrigues da Silva, M.R., Müller, A., Rhede, D., and Soares, D.R. (2014) Perspectives for Li- and Ta-mineralization in the Borborema Pegmatite Province, NE-Brazil: A review. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 56, 110–127.10.1016/j.jsames.2014.08.007Suche in Google Scholar

Černý, P. (1972) The Tanco pegmatite at Bernic Lake, Manitoba; VIII, Secondary minerals from the spodumene-rich zones. Canadian Mineralogist, 11, 714–726.Suche in Google Scholar

Ding, X., Li, J.K., Chou, I.-M., Chen, Z.Y., and Li, S.H. (2020) Raman spectroscopic identification of cookeite in the crystal-rich inclusions in spodumene from the Jiajika lithium pegmatite deposit, China, and its geological implications. European Journal of Mineralogy, 32, 67–75.10.5194/ejm-32-67-2020Suche in Google Scholar

Eysel, H.H., and Kanellakopulos, B. (1993) Raman spectra, absolute Raman intensities and electro-optical parameters of pertechnetate, perrhenate and periodate ions in aqueous solution. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 24, 119–122.10.1002/jrs.1250240211Suche in Google Scholar

Lafuente, B., Downs, R.T., Yang, H., and Stone, N. (2015) The power of databases: the RRUFF project. In T. Armbruster and R.M. Danisi, Eds., Highlights in Mineralogical Crystallography, p. 1–30. De Gruyter.10.1515/9783110417104-003Suche in Google Scholar

Li, J.K., and Chou, I.-M. (2016) An occurrence of metastable cristobalite in spodumene-hosted crystal-rich inclusions from Jiajika pegmatite deposit, China. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 171, 29–36.10.1016/j.gexplo.2015.10.012Suche in Google Scholar

Li, J.K., and Chou, I.-M. (2017) Homogenization experiments of crystal-rich inclusions in spodumene from Jiajika lithium deposit, China, under elevated external pressures in a hydrothermal diamond-anvil cell. Geofluids, 2017, 1–12.10.1155/2017/9252913Suche in Google Scholar

Lima, A.M.C., Martins, T.C., Vieira, R.C., and Noronha, F. (2003) The study of fluid inclusions in petalite-bearing pegmatite-aplite veins of the Barroso-Ãlvao field (Northern Portugal). Acta Mineralogica-Petrographica, Abstract Series, 2, 111–112.Suche in Google Scholar

Linke, W.F., and Seidell, A. (1965) Solubilities of inorganic and metal-organic compounds, vol. II, 4th ed. American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C.Suche in Google Scholar

London, D. (1986) Magmatic-hydrothermal transition in the Tanco rare-element pegmatite: Evidence from fluid inclusions and phase-equilibrium experiments. American Mineralogist, 71, 376–395.Suche in Google Scholar

London, D. (2009) The origin of primary textures in granitic pegmatites. Canadian Mineralogist, 47, 697–724.10.3749/canmin.47.4.697Suche in Google Scholar

London, D. (2015) Reply to Thomas and Davidson on “A petrologic assessment of internal zonation in granitic pegmatites” (London, 2014a). Lithos, 212-215, 469–484.10.1016/j.lithos.2014.11.025Suche in Google Scholar

Menczel, B., Apelblat, A., and Korin, E. (2004) The molar enthalpies of solution and solubilities of ammonium, sodium and potassium oxalates in water. The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 36, 41–44.10.1016/j.jct.2003.09.012Suche in Google Scholar

Mulja, T., and Williams-Jones, A.E. (2018) The physical and chemical evolution of fluids in rare-element granitic pegmatites associated with the Lacorne pluton, Québec, Canada. Chemical Geology, 493, 281–297.10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.06.004Suche in Google Scholar

Omar, W., and Ulrich, J. (2006) Solid liquid equilibrium, metastable zone, and nucleation parameters of the oxalic acid−water system. Crystal Growth & Design, 6, 1927–1930.10.1021/cg060112nSuche in Google Scholar

Rickers, K., Thomas, R., and Heinrich, W. (2006) The behavior of trace elements during the chemical evolution of the H2O-, B-, and F-rich granite–pegmatite– hydrothermal system at Ehrenfriedersdorf, Germany: a SXRF study of melt and fluid inclusions. Mineralium Deposita, 41, 229–245.10.1007/s00126-006-0057-7Suche in Google Scholar

Schmidt, C. (2014) Raman spectroscopic determination of carbon speciation and quartz solubility in H2O + Na2CO3 and H2O + NaHCO3 fluids to 600°C and 1.53 GPa. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 145, 281–296.10.1016/j.gca.2014.09.009Suche in Google Scholar

Schmidt, C., and Chou, I.-M. (2012) The hydrothermal diamond anvil cell (HDAC) for Raman spectroscopic studies of geological fluids at high pressures and temperatures. In J. Dubessy, M.C. Caumon, and F. Rull, Eds., Raman Spectroscopy Applied to Earth Science and Cultural Heritage, 12, p. 247−276. EMU Notes in Mineralogy, Aberystwyth, U.K.Suche in Google Scholar

Smith, S.H. Jr., Williams, D.D., and Miller, R.R. (1971) Solubility of lithium carbonate at elevated temperatures. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 16, 74–75.10.1021/je60048a022Suche in Google Scholar

Thomas, R., and Davidson, P. (2010) Hambergite-rich melt inclusions in morganite crystals from the Muiane pegmatite, Mozambique and some remarks on the paragenesis of hambergite. Mineralogy and Petrology, 100, 227–239.10.1007/s00710-010-0132-8Suche in Google Scholar

Thomas, R., and Davidson, P. (2015) Comment on “A petrologic assessment of internal zonation in granitic pegmatites” by David London (2014). Lithos, 212-215, 462–468.10.1016/j.lithos.2014.08.028Suche in Google Scholar

Thomas, R., and Davidson, P. (2016) Revisiting complete miscibility between silicate melts and hydrous fluids, and the extreme enrichment of some elements in the supercritical state—Consequences for the formation of pegmatites and ore deposits. Ore Geology Reviews, 72, 1088–1101.10.1016/j.oregeorev.2015.10.004Suche in Google Scholar

Thomas, R., Webster, J.D., and Davidson, P. (2006a) Understanding pegmatite formation: The melt and fluid inclusion approach. Mineralogical Association Canada Short Course, 36, 189–210.Suche in Google Scholar

Thomas, R., Webster, J.D., Rhede, D., Seifert, W., Rickers, K., Förster, H.-J., Heinrich, W., and Davidson, P. (2006b) The transition from peraluminous to peralkaline granitic melts: Evidence from melt inclusions and accessory minerals. Lithos, 91, 137–149.10.1016/j.lithos.2006.03.013Suche in Google Scholar

Thomas, R., Davidson, P., and Schmidt, C. (2011) Extreme alkali bicarbonate- and carbonate-rich fluid inclusions in granite pegmatite from the Precambrian Rønne granite, Bornholm Island, Denmark. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 161, 315–329.10.1007/s00410-010-0533-zSuche in Google Scholar

Woodward, L.A., and Roberts, H.L. (1956) The Raman and infra-red absorption spectra of osmium tetroxide. Relation to the structure of the perrhenate and tungstate ions in aqueous solution. Transactions of the Faraday Society, 52, 615–619.10.1039/tf9565200615Suche in Google Scholar

Xiong, X., Li, J.K., Wang, D.H., Li, S.P., and Lin, H. (2019) Fluid characteristics and evolution of the Zhawulong granitic pegmatite lithium deposit in the Ganzi-Songpan region, Southwestern China. Acta Geologica Sinica, English Edition, 93, 943–954.10.1111/1755-6724.13851Suche in Google Scholar

Received: 2020-11-24
Accepted: 2021-01-31
Published Online: 2022-01-26
Published in Print: 2022-02-23

© 2022 Mineralogical Society of America

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Alumino-oxy-rossmanite from pegmatites in Variscan metamorphic rocks from Eibenstein an der Thaya, Lower Austria, Austria: A new tourmaline that represents the most Al-rich end-member composition
  2. Fluorine partitioning between quadrilateral clinopyroxenes and melt
  3. Multi-stage magma evolution recorded by apatite and zircon of adakite-like rocks: A case study from the Shatanjiao intrusion, Tongling region, Eastern China
  4. The physical and chemical evolution of magmatic fluids in near-solidus silicic magma reservoirs: Implications for the formation of pegmatites
  5. Texture, geochemistry, and geochronology of titanite and pyrite: Fingerprint of magmatic-hydrothermal fertile fluids in the Jiaodong Au province
  6. Polytypism in semi-disordered lizardite and amesite by low-dose HAADF-STEM
  7. Peralkalinity in peraluminous granitic pegmatites. I. Evidence from whewellite and hydrogen carbonate in fluid inclusions
  8. Peralkalinity in peraluminous granitic pegmatites. II. Evidence from experiments on carbonate formation in spodumene-bearing assemblages
  9. Ab initio study of structural, elastic and thermodynamic properties of Fe3S at high pressure: Implications for planetary cores
  10. Removal of barite from zircon using an aqueous solution of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid and potassium carbonate
  11. Improving grain size analysis using computer vision techniques and implications for grain growth kinetics
  12. Crystal chemistry of arsenian pyrites: A Raman spectroscopic study
  13. Formation of the Maoniuping giant REE deposit: Constraints from mineralogy and in situ bastnäsite U-Pb geochronology
  14. Amphibole as a witness of chromitite formation and fluid metasomatism in ophiolites
  15. Ferro-papikeite, ideally NaFe2 2+(Fe32+Al2)(Si5Al3)O22(OH)2, a new orthorhombic amphibole from Nordmark (Western Bergslagen), Sweden: Description and crystal structure
  16. Letter
  17. HP-PdF2-type FeCl2 as a potential Cl-carrier in the deep Earth
  18. New Mineral Names: Alteration Products
  19. American Mineralogist thanks the 2021 reviewers
Heruntergeladen am 6.10.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.2138/am-2021-7909/html
Button zum nach oben scrollen