Home Physical Sciences High-pressure, halogen-bearing melt preserved in ultrahigh-temperature felsic granulites of the Central Maine Terrane, Connecticut (U.S.A.)
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High-pressure, halogen-bearing melt preserved in ultrahigh-temperature felsic granulites of the Central Maine Terrane, Connecticut (U.S.A.)

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Published/Copyright: August 4, 2021
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American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 106 Issue 8

Abstract

Inclusions of relic high-pressure melts provide crucial information on the fate of crustal rocks in the deep roots of orogens during collision and crustal thickening, including at extreme temperature conditions exceeding 1000 °C. However, discoveries of high-pressure melt inclusions are still a relative rarity among case studies of inclusions in metamorphic minerals. Here we present the results of experimental and microchemical investigations of nanogranitoids in garnets from the felsic granulites of the Central Maine Terrane (Connecticut, U.S.A.). Their successful experimental re-homogenization at ~2 GPa confirms that they originally were trapped portions of deep melts and makes them the first direct evidence of high pressure during peak metamorphism and melting for these felsic granulites. The trapped melt has a hydrous, granitic, and peraluminous character typical of crustal melts from metapelites. This melt is higher in mafic components (FeO and MgO) than most of the nanogranitoids investigated previously, likely the result of the extreme melting temperatures—well above 1000 °C. This is the first natural evidence of the positive correlation between temperature and mafic character of the melt; a trend previously supported only by experimental evidence. Moreover, it poses a severe caveat against the common assumption that partial melts from metasediments at depth are always leucogranitic in composition.

NanoSIMS measurement on re-homogenized inclusions show significant amounts of CO2, Cl, and F. Halogen abundance in the melt is considered to be a proxy for the presence of brines (strongly saline fluids) at depth. Brines are known to shift the melting temperatures of the system toward higher values and may have been responsible for delaying melt production via biotite dehydration melting until these rocks reached extreme temperatures of more than 1000 °C, rather than 800–850 °C as commonly observed for these reactions.

Keywords: High-pressure granulites; anatexis; nanogranitoids; carbon; halogens; piston cylinder; High-Grade Metamorphism; Anatexis; and Granite Magmatism

† Special collection papers can be found online at http://www.minsocam.org/MSA/AmMin/special-collections.html

Funding statement: The present research was funded by the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Project FE 1527/2-1 and FE 1527/2-2) to S.F. J.J.A gratefully acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation (EAR-1250269 and EAR-1753553) and Yale University. The NanoSIMS facility at the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle in Paris was established by funds from the CNRS, Région Ile de France, Ministère délégué à l’Enseignement supérieur et à la Recherche, and the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle.

Acknowledgments

Our deepest thanks go to C. Günter, F. Kaufmann, and L. Hecht for help during analyses and to C. Fischer for sample preparation. The authors are grateful to H. Lamadrid and an anonymous reviewer for their insightful comments that improved the quality of the paper and to M. Steele-McInnis for his careful editorial handling.

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Received: 2020-06-29
Accepted: 2020-10-07
Published Online: 2021-08-04
Published in Print: 2021-08-26

© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  2. Crustal melting: Deep, hot, and salty
  3. MSA Presidential Address
  4. Petrogenetic and tectonic interpretation of strongly peraluminous granitic rocks and their significance in the archean rock record
  5. Partial melting and P-T evolution of eclogite-facies metapelitic migmatites from the Egere terrane (Central Hoggar, South Algeria)
  6. High-pressure, halogen-bearing melt preserved in ultrahigh-temperature felsic granulites of the Central Maine Terrane, Connecticut (U.S.A.)
  7. Targeting mixtures of jarosite and clay minerals for Mars exploration
  8. Zirconolite from Larvik Plutonic Complex, Norway, its relationship to stefanweissite and nöggerathite, and contribution to the improvement of zirconolite end-member systematics
  9. Nanomineralogy of hydrothermal magnetite from Acropolis, South Australia: Genetic implications for iron-oxide copper gold mineralization
  10. Effect of magnesium on monohydrocalcite formation and unit-cell parameters
  11. Formation pathway of norsethite dominated by solution chemistry under ambient conditions
  12. A model for the kinetics of high-temperature reactions between polydisperse volcanic ash and SO2 gas
  13. Redox control and measurement in low-temperature (<450 °C) hydrothermal experiments
  14. Heat capacity and thermodynamic functions of partially dehydrated sodium and zinc zeolite A (LTA)
  15. P-V-T measurements of Fe3C to 117 GPa and 2100 K: Implications for stability of Fe3C phase at core conditions
  16. New Mineral Names
  17. Erratum
  18. Book Review
https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2021-7690
Keywords for this article
High-pressure granulites; anatexis; nanogranitoids; carbon; halogens; piston cylinder; High-Grade Metamorphism; Anatexis; and Granite Magmatism

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  2. Crustal melting: Deep, hot, and salty
  3. MSA Presidential Address
  4. Petrogenetic and tectonic interpretation of strongly peraluminous granitic rocks and their significance in the archean rock record
  5. Partial melting and P-T evolution of eclogite-facies metapelitic migmatites from the Egere terrane (Central Hoggar, South Algeria)
  6. High-pressure, halogen-bearing melt preserved in ultrahigh-temperature felsic granulites of the Central Maine Terrane, Connecticut (U.S.A.)
  7. Targeting mixtures of jarosite and clay minerals for Mars exploration
  8. Zirconolite from Larvik Plutonic Complex, Norway, its relationship to stefanweissite and nöggerathite, and contribution to the improvement of zirconolite end-member systematics
  9. Nanomineralogy of hydrothermal magnetite from Acropolis, South Australia: Genetic implications for iron-oxide copper gold mineralization
  10. Effect of magnesium on monohydrocalcite formation and unit-cell parameters
  11. Formation pathway of norsethite dominated by solution chemistry under ambient conditions
  12. A model for the kinetics of high-temperature reactions between polydisperse volcanic ash and SO2 gas
  13. Redox control and measurement in low-temperature (<450 °C) hydrothermal experiments
  14. Heat capacity and thermodynamic functions of partially dehydrated sodium and zinc zeolite A (LTA)
  15. P-V-T measurements of Fe3C to 117 GPa and 2100 K: Implications for stability of Fe3C phase at core conditions
  16. New Mineral Names
  17. Erratum
  18. Book Review
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