Startseite Deciphering the enigmatic origin of Guyana’s diamonds
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Deciphering the enigmatic origin of Guyana’s diamonds

  • Roy Bassoo ORCID logo EMAIL logo , Kenneth S. Befus , Peng Liang , Steven L. Forman und Glenn Sharman
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 31. Dezember 2020
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American Mineralogist
Aus der Zeitschrift American Mineralogist Band 106 Heft 1

Abstract

Diamonds have long been mined from alluvial terrace deposits within the rainforest of Guyana, South America. No primary kimberlite deposits have been discovered in Guyana, nor have there been previous studies on the mineralogy and origin of the diamonds. Paleoproterozoic terranes in Guyana are prospective to diamond occurrences because the most productive deposits are associated spatially with the eastern escarpment of the Paleoproterozoic Roraima Supergroup. Geographic proximity suggests that the diamonds are detrital grains eroding from the <1.98 Ga conglomerates, metamorphosed to zeolite and greenschist facies. The provenance and paragenesis of the alluvial diamonds are described using a suite of placer diamonds from different locations across the Guiana Shield. Guyanese diamonds are typically small, and those in our collection range from 0.3 to 2.7 mm in diameter; octahedral and dodecahedral, with lesser cubic and minor macle forms. The diamonds are further subdivided into those with abraded and non-abraded surfaces. Abraded diamonds show various colors in cathodoluminescence, whereas most non-abraded diamonds appear blue. In all populations, diamonds are predominantly colorless, with lesser brown to yellow and very rare white. Diamonds are predominantly Type IaAB and preserve moderate nitrogen aggregation and total nitrogen concentrations ranging from trace to ~1971 ppm. The kinetics of nitrogen aggregation indicate mantle-derived residence temperatures of 1124 ± 100 °C, assuming residence times of 1.3 and 2.6 Ga for abraded and non-abraded diamonds, respectively. The diamonds are largely sourced from the peridotitic to eclogitic lithospheric upper mantle based on both δ13C values of –5.82 ± 2.45‰ (VPDB-LSVEC) and inclusion suites predominantly comprised of forsterite, enstatite, Cr-pyrope, chromite, rutile, clinopyroxene, coesite, and almandine garnet. Detrital, accessory minerals are non-kimberlitic. Detrital zircon geochronology indicates diamondiferous deposits are predominantly sourced from Paleoproterozoic rocks of 2079 ± 88 Ma.

Keywords: Diamond; Guyana; Guiana shield; Roraima supergroup

Acknowledgments

We thank M. Harden of Alicanto Minerals and G. Nestor of the Guyana Geology and Mines Commission for their logistical support. A. Jagnandan of the Guyana Gold and Diamond Miners Association. R. Melville and N. Blackman provided invaluable on field support, for which we are grateful. We also thank J. Krakowsky (General Manager for Kays Diamond Enterprise Ltd.), for technical advice and diamond samples, which were crucial to this study. A special thanks is given to M. Kopylova of the University of British Columbia for her technical input. We thank B. Schaulis at the University of Arkansas for assistance with LA-ICP-MS data collection.

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Received: 2020-02-21
Accepted: 2020-06-03
Published Online: 2020-12-31
Published in Print: 2021-01-27

© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. P-V-T equation of state of hydrous phase A up to 10.5 GPa
  2. Elastic properties and structures of pyrope glass under high pressures
  3. Effects of pH and Ca exchange on the structure and redox state of synthetic Na-birnessite
  4. A systematic assessment of the diamond trap method for measuring fluid compositions in high-pressure experiments
  5. Origin, properties, and structure of breyite: The second most abundant mineral inclusion in super-deep diamonds
  6. Why Tolbachik diamonds cannot be natural
  7. Deciphering the enigmatic origin of Guyana’s diamonds
  8. Precipitation of low-temperature disordered dolomite induced by extracellular polymeric substances of methanogenic Archaea Methanosarcina barkeri: Implications for sedimentary dolomite formation
  9. Atomic-scale characterization of commensurate and incommensurate vacancy superstructures in natural pyrrhotites
  10. Three-dimensional and microstructural fingerprinting of gold nanoparticles at fluid-mineral interfaces
  11. Seaborgite, LiNa6K2(UO2)(SO4)5(SO3OH)(H2O), the first uranyl mineral containing lithium
  12. Reheating and magma mixing recorded by zircon and quartz from high-silica rhyolite in the Coqen region, southern Tibet
  13. Crystal chemistry and thermal behavior of Fe-carpholite from the Pollino Massif, southern Italy
  14. New insights into the control of visible gold fineness and deposition: A case study of the Sanshandao gold deposit, Jiaodong, China
  15. A comment on “An evolutionary system of mineralogy: Proposal for a classification of planetary materials based on natural kind clustering”
  16. Reply to “A comment on ‘An evolutionary system of mineralogy: Proposal for a classification of planetary materials based on natural kind clustering’”
  17. New Mineral Names
https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2020-7486
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
Diamond; Guyana; Guiana shield; Roraima supergroup

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. P-V-T equation of state of hydrous phase A up to 10.5 GPa
  2. Elastic properties and structures of pyrope glass under high pressures
  3. Effects of pH and Ca exchange on the structure and redox state of synthetic Na-birnessite
  4. A systematic assessment of the diamond trap method for measuring fluid compositions in high-pressure experiments
  5. Origin, properties, and structure of breyite: The second most abundant mineral inclusion in super-deep diamonds
  6. Why Tolbachik diamonds cannot be natural
  7. Deciphering the enigmatic origin of Guyana’s diamonds
  8. Precipitation of low-temperature disordered dolomite induced by extracellular polymeric substances of methanogenic Archaea Methanosarcina barkeri: Implications for sedimentary dolomite formation
  9. Atomic-scale characterization of commensurate and incommensurate vacancy superstructures in natural pyrrhotites
  10. Three-dimensional and microstructural fingerprinting of gold nanoparticles at fluid-mineral interfaces
  11. Seaborgite, LiNa6K2(UO2)(SO4)5(SO3OH)(H2O), the first uranyl mineral containing lithium
  12. Reheating and magma mixing recorded by zircon and quartz from high-silica rhyolite in the Coqen region, southern Tibet
  13. Crystal chemistry and thermal behavior of Fe-carpholite from the Pollino Massif, southern Italy
  14. New insights into the control of visible gold fineness and deposition: A case study of the Sanshandao gold deposit, Jiaodong, China
  15. A comment on “An evolutionary system of mineralogy: Proposal for a classification of planetary materials based on natural kind clustering”
  16. Reply to “A comment on ‘An evolutionary system of mineralogy: Proposal for a classification of planetary materials based on natural kind clustering’”
  17. New Mineral Names
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