Abstract
Taking into account recent publications, we provide additional comprehensive evidence that type Ib cuboctahedral diamonds and some other microcrystalline diamonds from Kamchatka volcanic rocks and alluvial placers cannot be natural and undoubtedly represent synthetic materials, which appear in the natural rocks by anthropogenic contamination. The major arguments provided in favor of the natural origin of those diamonds can be easily disproved. They include the coexistence of diamond and deltalumite from Koryaksky volcano; coexistence with super-reduced corundum and moissanite, Mn-Ni silicide inclusions, F-Cl enrichment and F/Cl ratios, and carbon and nitrogen isotopes in Tolbachik diamonds, as well as microtwinning, Mn-Ni silicides, and other inclusions in microcrystalline diamond aggregates from other Kamchatka placers. We emphasize the importance of careful comparison of unusual minerals found in nature, which include type Ib cuboctahedral diamonds and super-reduced phase assemblages resembling industrial slags, with synthetic analogs. The cavitation model proposed for the origin of Tolbachik diamonds is also unreliable since cavitation has only been shown to cause the formation of nanosized diamonds only.
Funding statement: Our work on type Ib and other non-traditional diamonds is partially supported by the state assignment of IHPP RAS.
Acknowledgments
We thank C. Ballhaus and V.S. Kamenetsky for valuable comments and P. Cartigny and K. Smit for help with the interpretation of the FTIR spectra.
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Articles in the same Issue
- P-V-T equation of state of hydrous phase A up to 10.5 GPa
- Elastic properties and structures of pyrope glass under high pressures
- Effects of pH and Ca exchange on the structure and redox state of synthetic Na-birnessite
- A systematic assessment of the diamond trap method for measuring fluid compositions in high-pressure experiments
- Origin, properties, and structure of breyite: The second most abundant mineral inclusion in super-deep diamonds
- Why Tolbachik diamonds cannot be natural
- Deciphering the enigmatic origin of Guyana’s diamonds
- Precipitation of low-temperature disordered dolomite induced by extracellular polymeric substances of methanogenic Archaea Methanosarcina barkeri: Implications for sedimentary dolomite formation
- Atomic-scale characterization of commensurate and incommensurate vacancy superstructures in natural pyrrhotites
- Three-dimensional and microstructural fingerprinting of gold nanoparticles at fluid-mineral interfaces
- Seaborgite, LiNa6K2(UO2)(SO4)5(SO3OH)(H2O), the first uranyl mineral containing lithium
- Reheating and magma mixing recorded by zircon and quartz from high-silica rhyolite in the Coqen region, southern Tibet
- Crystal chemistry and thermal behavior of Fe-carpholite from the Pollino Massif, southern Italy
- New insights into the control of visible gold fineness and deposition: A case study of the Sanshandao gold deposit, Jiaodong, China
- A comment on “An evolutionary system of mineralogy: Proposal for a classification of planetary materials based on natural kind clustering”
- Reply to “A comment on ‘An evolutionary system of mineralogy: Proposal for a classification of planetary materials based on natural kind clustering’”
- New Mineral Names
Articles in the same Issue
- P-V-T equation of state of hydrous phase A up to 10.5 GPa
- Elastic properties and structures of pyrope glass under high pressures
- Effects of pH and Ca exchange on the structure and redox state of synthetic Na-birnessite
- A systematic assessment of the diamond trap method for measuring fluid compositions in high-pressure experiments
- Origin, properties, and structure of breyite: The second most abundant mineral inclusion in super-deep diamonds
- Why Tolbachik diamonds cannot be natural
- Deciphering the enigmatic origin of Guyana’s diamonds
- Precipitation of low-temperature disordered dolomite induced by extracellular polymeric substances of methanogenic Archaea Methanosarcina barkeri: Implications for sedimentary dolomite formation
- Atomic-scale characterization of commensurate and incommensurate vacancy superstructures in natural pyrrhotites
- Three-dimensional and microstructural fingerprinting of gold nanoparticles at fluid-mineral interfaces
- Seaborgite, LiNa6K2(UO2)(SO4)5(SO3OH)(H2O), the first uranyl mineral containing lithium
- Reheating and magma mixing recorded by zircon and quartz from high-silica rhyolite in the Coqen region, southern Tibet
- Crystal chemistry and thermal behavior of Fe-carpholite from the Pollino Massif, southern Italy
- New insights into the control of visible gold fineness and deposition: A case study of the Sanshandao gold deposit, Jiaodong, China
- A comment on “An evolutionary system of mineralogy: Proposal for a classification of planetary materials based on natural kind clustering”
- Reply to “A comment on ‘An evolutionary system of mineralogy: Proposal for a classification of planetary materials based on natural kind clustering’”
- New Mineral Names