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New insights into the nature of glauconite

  • Adrián López-Quirós ORCID logo EMAIL logo , Antonio Sánchez-Navas , Fernando Nieto and Carlota Escutia
Published/Copyright: April 29, 2020
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American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 105 Issue 5

Abstract

Glauconite must be assessed as mica-rich mica-smectite R3 interstratified mineral, with the pure end-member mica also having intrinsic K-deficient chemical characteristics (K+ ~ 0.8 apfu). This assertion is in accordance with our X‑ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution tranmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) studies and chemical analyses by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) of mature glauconites in Cenozoic Antarctic sediments that indicate that: (1) It consists of a glauconite-smectite (R3 ordered) mixed-layer silicate, composed mainly of mica-type layers (>90%), but displaying slightly different proportions of Fe(III)-smectite layers (<10%). (2) More mature glaucony grains are characterized by major K+ and VIFe2+ (mica layers) and minor VIFe3+ (smectite layers) content in the interstratified glauconite-smectite. (3) Potassium is stabilized at the interlayer site by the octahedrally coordinated Fe2+. (4) Microtexture of the glauconite crystals are comparable with those of other micas and illite minerals, with straight, defect-free lattice fringes of ~10 Å spacings glauconite packets characteristic of mica with minor interstratified poorly crystalline smectite layers. In addition, our new findings give insights into the glauconitization process and at the same time investigate the potassium-deficient character of the dioctahedral mica “glauconite.” These findings show that glauconite crystallizes by a layer-growth mechanism at the expense of a poorly crystalline smectite precursor and that smectite-to-glauconite transformations are accompanied by a gradually higher octahedral charge deficiency (Fe2+/Fe3+) stabilized by K+ uptake into the interlayer sheet.

Keywords: Glaucony; glauconite; interstratified glauconite-smectite; HRTEM; XRD

Acknowledgments

This research used samples from the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP). We thank the staff onboard ODP Leg 113 and at the Gulf Coast Repository (GCR) for assistance in core handling and shipping. We thank María del Mar Abad, Miguel Angel Hidalgo, and Isabel Nieto of the Scientific Instrumentation Center (CIC) of the University of Granada for their help during analytical work. We also thank Associate Editor Warren Huff and anonymous referees for their constructive suggestions to improve the paper.

  1. Funding

    Funding for this research was provided by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (grants CTM2014-60451-C2-1-P and CTM2017-89711-C2-1-P) co-funded by the European Union through FEDER funds. The corresponding author acknowledges a FPI fellowship of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation.

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Received: 2019-10-24
Accepted: 2019-12-12
Published Online: 2020-04-29
Published in Print: 2020-05-26

© 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2020-7341
Keywords for this article
Glaucony; glauconite; interstratified glauconite-smectite; HRTEM; XRD

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Texture constraints on crystal size distribution methodology: An application to the Laki fissure eruption
  2. Hydrogenation reactions of carbon on Earth: Linking methane, margarine, and life
  3. Abiotic and biotic processes that drive carboxylation and decarboxylation reactions
  4. In-situ measurements of magmatic volatile elements, F, S, and Cl, by electron microprobe, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and heavy ion elastic recoil detection analysis
  5. MSA Centennial Symposium
  6. An evolutionary system of mineralogy. Part I: Stellar mineralogy (>13 to 4.6 Ga)
  7. A structural study of size-dependent lattice variation: In situ X-ray diffraction of the growth of goethite nanoparticles from 2-line ferrihydrite
  8. Cassiterite crystallization experiments in alkali carbonate aqueous solutions using a hydrothermal diamond-anvil cell
  9. New insights into the nature of glauconite
  10. Kaolinization of 2:1 type clay minerals with different swelling properties
  11. The quintet completed: The partitioning of sulfur between nominally volatile-free minerals and silicate melts
  12. 222Rn and 220Rn emanations from powdered samples of samarskite as a function of annealing temperature
  13. Polymerization during melting of ortho- and meta-silicates: Effects on Q species stability, heats of fusion, and redox state of mid-ocean range basalts (MORBs)
  14. Formation of native arsenic in hydrothermal base metal deposits and related supergene U6+ enrichment: The Michael vein near Lahr, SW Germany
  15. Lingbaoite, AgTe3, a new silver telluride from the Xiaoqinling gold district, central China
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  18. Acceptance of the 2018 MSA Award of the Mineralogical Society of America
  19. Presentation of the Dana Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America for 2019 to Matthew J. Kohn
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  24. Acceptance of Distinguished Public Service Award of the Mineralogical Society of America for 2019
  25. Presentation of the 2019 Roebling Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America to Peter R. Buseck
  26. Acceptance of the 2019 Roebling Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America
  27. Erratum
  28. Erratum
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