Abstract
Praseodymium is capable of existing as Pr3+ and Pr4+. Although the former is dominant across almost all geological conditions, the observation of Pr4+ by XANES and Pr anomalies (both positive and negative) in multiple light rare earth element minerals from Nolans Bore, Australia, and Stetind, Norway, indicates that quadrivalent Pr can occur under oxidizing hydrothermal and supergene conditions. High-temperature REE partitioning experiments at oxygen fugacities up to more than 12 log units more oxidizing than the fayalite-magnetite-quartz buffer show negligible evidence for Pr4+ in zircon, indicating that Pr likely remains as Pr3+ under all magmatic conditions. Synthetic Pr4+-bearing zircons in the pigment industry form under unique conditions, which are not attained in natural systems. Quadrivalent Pr in solutions has an extremely short lifetime, but may be sufficient to cause anomalous Pr in solids. Because the same conditions that favor Pr4+ also stabilize Ce4+ to a greater extent, these two cations have similar ionic radii, and Ce is more than six times as abundant as Pr, it seems that Pr-dominant minerals must be exceptionally rare if they occur at all. We identify cold, alkaline, and oxidizing environments such as oxyhalide-rich regions at the Atacama Desert or on Mars as candidates for the existence of Pr-dominant minerals.
Acknowledgments
We express our gratitude to Tomas Husdal for providing us with the Stetind sample. This work was supported by Australian Research Council grant FL130100066. We acknowledge the facilities of Microscopy Australia at the Centre for Advanced Microscopy, The Australian National University. L. Crisp and C. Allen are thanked for their assistance with the LA-ICP-MS analyses. Part of this research was undertaken on the XAS beamline (12IDB) at the Australian Synchrotron through proposal ID 15793. We thank S. Morrison, D. Hummer, and M.P. Smith for peer reviews. A.G. Christy inspired this study.
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Artikel in diesem Heft
- MSA Centennial Review Paper
- The incompressibility of atoms at high pressures
- Phase transitions in Ɛ-FeOOH at high pressure and ambient temperature
- Thermal state of the upper mantle and the origin of the Cambrian-Ordovician ophiolite pulse: Constraints from ultramafic dikes of the Hayachine-Miyamori ophiolite
- Quadrivalent praseodymium in planetary materials
- Quantitative microscale Fe redox imaging by multiple energy X-ray fluorescence mapping at the Fe K pre-edge peak
- Quantification of excess 231Pa in late Quaternary igneous baddeleyite
- Magma oxygen fugacity of mafic-ultramafic intrusions in convergent margin settings: Insights for the role of magma oxidation states on magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide mineralization
- Investigation of the crystal structure of a low water content hydrous olivine to 29.9 GPa: A high-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction study
- Ferric-ferrous iron ratios of experimental majoritic garnet and clinopyroxene as a function of oxygen fugacity
- The origin of Ti-oxide minerals below and within the eastern Athabasca Basin, Canada
- Partition behavior of platinum-group elements during the segregation of arsenide melts from sulfide magma
- Vapor-bubble growth in olivine-hosted melt inclusions
- New Mineral Names
Artikel in diesem Heft
- MSA Centennial Review Paper
- The incompressibility of atoms at high pressures
- Phase transitions in Ɛ-FeOOH at high pressure and ambient temperature
- Thermal state of the upper mantle and the origin of the Cambrian-Ordovician ophiolite pulse: Constraints from ultramafic dikes of the Hayachine-Miyamori ophiolite
- Quadrivalent praseodymium in planetary materials
- Quantitative microscale Fe redox imaging by multiple energy X-ray fluorescence mapping at the Fe K pre-edge peak
- Quantification of excess 231Pa in late Quaternary igneous baddeleyite
- Magma oxygen fugacity of mafic-ultramafic intrusions in convergent margin settings: Insights for the role of magma oxidation states on magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide mineralization
- Investigation of the crystal structure of a low water content hydrous olivine to 29.9 GPa: A high-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction study
- Ferric-ferrous iron ratios of experimental majoritic garnet and clinopyroxene as a function of oxygen fugacity
- The origin of Ti-oxide minerals below and within the eastern Athabasca Basin, Canada
- Partition behavior of platinum-group elements during the segregation of arsenide melts from sulfide magma
- Vapor-bubble growth in olivine-hosted melt inclusions
- New Mineral Names