Thermal state of the upper mantle and the origin of the Cambrian-Ordovician ophiolite pulse: Constraints from ultramafic dikes of the Hayachine-Miyamori ophiolite
Abstract
Ophiolite pulses, which are periods of enhanced ophiolite generation and emplacement, are thought to have a relevance to highly active superplumes (superplume model). However, the Cambrian-Ordovician pulse has two critical geological features that cannot be explained by such a superplume model: predominance of subduction-related ophiolites and scarcity of plume-related magma activities. We addressed this issue by estimating the mechanism and condition of magma generation, including mantle potential temperature (MPT), from a ~500 Ma subduction-related ophiolite, the Hayachine-Miyamori ophiolite. We developed a novel method to overcome difficulties in global MPT estimation from an arc environment by using porphyritic ultramafic dikes showing flow differentiation, which have records of the chemical composition of the primitive magma, including its water content, because of their high pressure (~0.6 GPa) intrusion and rapid solidification. The solidus conditions for the primary magmas are estimated to be ~1450 °C, ~5.3 GPa. Geochemical data of the dikes show passive upwelling of a depleted mantle source in the garnet stability field without a strong influence of slab-derived fluids. These results, combined with the extensive fluxed melting of the mantle wedge prior to the dike formation, indicate sudden changes of the melting environment, its mechanism, and the mantle source from extensive fluxed melting of the mantle wedge to decompressional melting of the sub-slab mantle, which has been most plausibly triggered by a slab breakoff. The estimated MPT of the sub-slab mantle is ~1350 °C, which is very close to that of the current upper mantle and may reflect the global value of the upper mantle at ~500 Ma if small-scale convection maintained the shallow sub-slab mantle at a steady thermal state. We, therefore, conclude that the Cambrian-Ordovician ophiolite pulse is not attributable to the high temperature of the upper mantle. Frequent occurrence of slab breakoff, which is suggested by our geochemical compilation of Cambrian-Ordovician ophiolites, and subduction termination, which is probably related to the assembly of the Gondwana supercontinent, may be responsible for the ophiolite pulse.
Acknowledgments and Funding
We are grateful to H. Yoshida for the analytical support and S. Sasaki for kind help in the field survey. We thank J. Wakabayashi and K. Putirka for their thoughtful and constructive reviews and S. Straub for her editorial efforts. This work was supported by Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Research Fellow (Grant Number 17J06812) and JSPS KAKENHI (Grant Number 17H02982).
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Artikel in diesem Heft
- MSA Centennial Review Paper
- The incompressibility of atoms at high pressures
- Phase transitions in Ɛ-FeOOH at high pressure and ambient temperature
- Thermal state of the upper mantle and the origin of the Cambrian-Ordovician ophiolite pulse: Constraints from ultramafic dikes of the Hayachine-Miyamori ophiolite
- Quadrivalent praseodymium in planetary materials
- Quantitative microscale Fe redox imaging by multiple energy X-ray fluorescence mapping at the Fe K pre-edge peak
- Quantification of excess 231Pa in late Quaternary igneous baddeleyite
- Magma oxygen fugacity of mafic-ultramafic intrusions in convergent margin settings: Insights for the role of magma oxidation states on magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide mineralization
- Investigation of the crystal structure of a low water content hydrous olivine to 29.9 GPa: A high-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction study
- Ferric-ferrous iron ratios of experimental majoritic garnet and clinopyroxene as a function of oxygen fugacity
- The origin of Ti-oxide minerals below and within the eastern Athabasca Basin, Canada
- Partition behavior of platinum-group elements during the segregation of arsenide melts from sulfide magma
- Vapor-bubble growth in olivine-hosted melt inclusions
- New Mineral Names
Artikel in diesem Heft
- MSA Centennial Review Paper
- The incompressibility of atoms at high pressures
- Phase transitions in Ɛ-FeOOH at high pressure and ambient temperature
- Thermal state of the upper mantle and the origin of the Cambrian-Ordovician ophiolite pulse: Constraints from ultramafic dikes of the Hayachine-Miyamori ophiolite
- Quadrivalent praseodymium in planetary materials
- Quantitative microscale Fe redox imaging by multiple energy X-ray fluorescence mapping at the Fe K pre-edge peak
- Quantification of excess 231Pa in late Quaternary igneous baddeleyite
- Magma oxygen fugacity of mafic-ultramafic intrusions in convergent margin settings: Insights for the role of magma oxidation states on magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide mineralization
- Investigation of the crystal structure of a low water content hydrous olivine to 29.9 GPa: A high-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction study
- Ferric-ferrous iron ratios of experimental majoritic garnet and clinopyroxene as a function of oxygen fugacity
- The origin of Ti-oxide minerals below and within the eastern Athabasca Basin, Canada
- Partition behavior of platinum-group elements during the segregation of arsenide melts from sulfide magma
- Vapor-bubble growth in olivine-hosted melt inclusions
- New Mineral Names