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Experimental determination of the phase relations of Pt and Pd antimonides and bismuthinides in the Fe-Ni-Cu sulfide systems between 1100 and 700 °C

  • Hassan M. Helmy and Roman Botcharnikov
Published/Copyright: March 1, 2020
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American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 105 Issue 3

Abstract

The stability relations of Pt and Pd antimonides and bismuthinides in the Sb- and Bi-bearing Fe-Ni-Cu sulfide systems have been experimentally determined at temperatures between 1100 and 700 °C in evacuated silica tubes. Both PtSb and PdSb are stable as immiscible liquids at temperatures above 1100 and 1000 °C, respectively. The Fe-Ni-Cu-sulfide melt that coexists with the immiscible antimonide melt can dissolve up to 3.8 wt% Sb at 1100 °C, whereas monosulfide solid solution (mss) dissolves very low amounts of Sb over the entire 1100–700 °C temperature range. The liquidus of Pt-antimonides and Pd-antimonides are above 980 and 750 °C, respectively. Bismuth does not form immiscible melt at 1100 °C but may partially partition into a vapor phase at 1050 °C. The Pt- and Pd-bismuthinides crystallize directly from immiscible bismuthinide melt only after crystallization of the sulfide melt into intermediate solid solution (iss). Insizwaite (PtBi2) and froodite (PdBi2) are stable at 780 and 700 °C, respectively. At the last stage of evolution of Sb-bearing magmatic Fe-Ni-Cu sulfide melts, Sb will form immiscible antimonide melt that will extract Pt and Pd from the sulfide melt. During cooling, Pt and Pd-antimonides will crystallize directly from the immiscible antimonide melt, and Pt-phases will form at higher temperatures relative to Pd-phases. Bismuth will partition into vapor phase and concentrate into a low-temperature melt in hydrothermal and porphyry systems that scavenge precious metals. The Sb and Bi (like Te) will be highly incompatible at moderate degrees of mantle partial melting.

Keywords: Platinum-group minerals; antimonides; bismuthinides; experimental study; sulfide system; phase relations

Acknowledgments and Funding

H.M. Helmy’s research was funded by the Alexander von Humboldt Society through a Georg Forster Research Award. We thank Iain McDonald and another anonymous reviewer for critical comments on the manuscript and Kate Kiseeva for editorial handling.

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Received: 2019-06-12
Accepted: 2019-11-15
Published Online: 2020-03-01
Published in Print: 2020-03-26

© 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Heavy halogen geochemistry of martian shergottite meteorites and implications for the halogen composition of the depleted shergottite mantle source
  2. The distribution and abundance of halogens in eclogites: An in situ SIMS perspective of the Raspas Complex (Ecuador)
  3. Pressure dependence of Si diffusion in γ-Fe
  4. Seismic detectability of carbonates in the deep Earth: A nuclear inelastic scattering study
  5. Equations of state, phase relations, and oxygen fugacity of the Ru-RuO2 buffer at high pressures and temperatures
  6. Experimental determination of the phase relations of Pt and Pd antimonides and bismuthinides in the Fe-Ni-Cu sulfide systems between 1100 and 700 °C
  7. Layer stacking disorder in Mg-Fe chlorites based on powder X-ray diffraction data
  8. Elasticity of single-crystal Fe-enriched diopside at high-pressure conditions: Implications for the origin of upper mantle low-velocity zones
  9. XANES spectroscopy of sulfides stable under reducing conditions
  10. Zircon and apatite geochemical constraints on the formation of the Huojihe porphyry Mo deposit in the Lesser Xing’an Range, NE China
  11. Textural and compositional evolution of iron oxides at Mina Justa (Peru): Implications for mushketovite and formation of IOCG deposits
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  13. Negevite, the pyrite-type NiP2, a new terrestrial phosphide
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https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2020-7154
Keywords for this article
Platinum-group minerals; antimonides; bismuthinides; experimental study; sulfide system; phase relations

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Heavy halogen geochemistry of martian shergottite meteorites and implications for the halogen composition of the depleted shergottite mantle source
  2. The distribution and abundance of halogens in eclogites: An in situ SIMS perspective of the Raspas Complex (Ecuador)
  3. Pressure dependence of Si diffusion in γ-Fe
  4. Seismic detectability of carbonates in the deep Earth: A nuclear inelastic scattering study
  5. Equations of state, phase relations, and oxygen fugacity of the Ru-RuO2 buffer at high pressures and temperatures
  6. Experimental determination of the phase relations of Pt and Pd antimonides and bismuthinides in the Fe-Ni-Cu sulfide systems between 1100 and 700 °C
  7. Layer stacking disorder in Mg-Fe chlorites based on powder X-ray diffraction data
  8. Elasticity of single-crystal Fe-enriched diopside at high-pressure conditions: Implications for the origin of upper mantle low-velocity zones
  9. XANES spectroscopy of sulfides stable under reducing conditions
  10. Zircon and apatite geochemical constraints on the formation of the Huojihe porphyry Mo deposit in the Lesser Xing’an Range, NE China
  11. Textural and compositional evolution of iron oxides at Mina Justa (Peru): Implications for mushketovite and formation of IOCG deposits
  12. Siwaqaite, Ca6Al2(CrO4)3(OH)12·26H2O, a new mineral of the ettringite group from the pyrometamorphic Daba-Siwaqa complex, Jordan
  13. Negevite, the pyrite-type NiP2, a new terrestrial phosphide
  14. Transjordanite, Ni2P, a new terrestrial and meteoritic phosphide, and natural solid solutions barringerite-transjordanite (hexagonal Fe2P–Ni2P)
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