Startseite Crystallographic and textural evidence for precipitation of rutile, ilmenite, corundum, and apatite lamellae from garnet
Artikel
Lizenziert
Nicht lizenziert Erfordert eine Authentifizierung

Crystallographic and textural evidence for precipitation of rutile, ilmenite, corundum, and apatite lamellae from garnet

  • Duncan S. Keller EMAIL logo und Jay J. Ague
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 20. Juni 2019
Veröffentlichen auch Sie bei De Gruyter Brill
Informationen für Autor*innen
American Mineralogist
Aus der Zeitschrift American Mineralogist Band 104 Heft 7

Abstract

Garnet is a common metamorphic and igneous mineral with extensive solid solution that can be stable to mantle depths ≥400 km. High-T and/or high-P garnet may contain oriented lamellae of other minerals, most commonly simple oxides (e.g., rutile, ilmenite), apatite, and, in ultrahigh-P cases, silicates including pyroxene and amphibole. Lamellae have classically been considered to be precipitation features preserving a record of former garnet chemistry richer in the lamellae nutrients (e.g., Ti4+). Such microtextural origins in precipitation systems (e.g., alloys) have long been studied via the crystallographic orientation relationships (COR) that form between a host and a separating phase, and by the shape-preferred orientation (SPO) of the lamellae. Recently, however, alternative hypotheses to precipitation have been suggested that require emplacement of lamellae in garnet by fluids, or co-growth, overgrowth, or inheritance mechanisms. These hypotheses posit that lamellae cannot be used to study former garnet chemistry. Moreover, they predict that lamellae phases, SPO, and COR should differ widely between localities, as lamellae formation will be controlled by various local rock-specific factors such as fluid presence, fluid chemistry, or mineral growth sequence. On the other hand, if lamellae characteristics are largely consistent between localities, it likely reflects control by precipitation energetics, rather than external factors. There have been few comparative COR studies in geologic systems, but the integrative assessment of COR, SPO, and lamellae assemblages should fingerprint lamellae growth process. To test the precipitation and alternative hypotheses, we collected large electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) data sets for rutile, ilmenite, and apatite lamellae in garnet from the Brimfield Schist, Connecticut (≥1000 °C metamorphism; Central Maine Terrane, U.S.A.). We analyzed these data alongside published EBSD data for rutile, ilmenite, and corundum from metapegmatites metamorphosed in the eclogite facies from the Austrian Alps (Griffiths et al. 2016). The apatite data set is the first of its kind, and reveals that apatite preferentially aligns its close-packed direction parallel to that of garnet (c-axisapatite//<111>garnet). We also recognize a rutile-garnet COR related to those in meteorites with Widmanstätten patterns that are unequivocal products of exsolution. This is the first identification of direct similarities between silicate-oxide and metal-metal COR of which we are aware. Significantly, this rutile-garnet COR is found in diverse geologic settings including Connecticut and Idaho (U.S.A.), Austria, Germany, Greece, and China over a broad range of bulk-rock compositions. Results for all lamellae minerals show that COR are largely consistent between localities and, furthermore, are shared between apatite, ilmenite, and corundum. Moreover, between 70% and 95% of lamellae have COR and there is a dominant COR for each lamellae phase. Calculations show that d-spacing ratios of host-lamellae pairs can successfully predict the most commonly observed specific COR (those COR with two or more axial alignments with the host). These results, especially similarity of COR from markedly different geologic settings and a low diversity of lamellae minerals, are fully consistent with lamellae formation by precipitation (likely via exsolution). In contrast, the alternative hypotheses remain unsupported by COR results as well as by mineralogical and petrological evidence. Lamellae with similar traits as those in this work should thus be considered precipitates formed during unmixing of garnet compositions originally stable at elevated or extreme pressures and temperatures.

Keywords: Garnet; rutile, ilmenite; corundum; apatite; crystallographic orientation relationship; precipitation; Widmanstätten pattern

Acknowledgments and Funding

We thank J.A. Axler, S. Nicolescu, D.M. Rye, E.M. Stewart, M.T. Brandon, D.A.D. Evans, and S. Ferrero for discussions, Z. Jiang for EBSD assistance, T.A. Griffiths for helpful discussions on interpreting the data sets of Griffiths et al. (2016), M.R. Ackerson and A. Putnis for thorough and constructive reviews, and E.B. Watson for editorial handling. This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation Directorate of Geosciences (EAR-0744154, EAR-1250269, and EAR-1753553) and Yale University.

References cited

Ackerson, M.R., Watson, E.B., Tailby, N.D., and Spear, F. S. (2017a) Experimental investigation into the substitution mechanisms and solubility of Ti in garnet. American Mineralogist, 102, 158–172.10.2138/am-2017-5632Suche in Google Scholar

Ackerson, M.R., Tailby, N.D., and Watson, E.B. (2017b) XAFS spectroscopic study of Ti coordination in garnet. American Mineralogist, 102, 173–183.10.2138/am-2017-5633Suche in Google Scholar

Ague, J.J., and Axler, J.A. (2016) Interface coupled dissolution-reprecipitation in garnet from subducted granulites and ultrahigh-pressure rocks revealed by phosphorous, sodium, and titanium zonation. American Mineralogist, 101, 1696–1699.10.2138/am-2016-5707Suche in Google Scholar

Ague, J.J., and Eckert, J.O. Jr. (2012) Precipitation of rutile and ilmenite needles in garnet: Implications for extreme metamorphic conditions in the Acadian Orogen, U.S.A. American Mineralogist, 97, 840–855.10.2138/am.2012.4015Suche in Google Scholar

Ague, J.J., Eckert, J.O. Jr., Chu, X., Baxter, E.F., and Chamberlain, C.P. (2013) Discovery of ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism in the Acadian orogen, Connecticut, USA. Geology, 41, 271–274.10.1130/G33752.1Suche in Google Scholar

Alifirova, T.A., Pokhilenko, L.N., and Korsakov, A.V. (2015) Apatite, SiO2 rutile and orthopyroxene precipitates in minerals of eclogite xenoliths from Yakutian kimberlites, Russia. Lithos, 226, 31–49.10.1016/j.lithos.2015.01.020Suche in Google Scholar

Åmli, R. (1975) Mineralogy and rare earth geochemistry of apatite and xenotime from the gloserheia Granite Pegmatite, Froland, Southern Norway. American Mineralogist, 60, 607–620.Suche in Google Scholar

Andersson, S., and O’Keeffe, M. (1977) Body-centered cubic cylinder packing and the garnet structure. Nature, 267, 605–606.10.1038/267605b0Suche in Google Scholar

Auzanneau, E., Schmidt, M.W., Vielzeuf, D., and Connolly, J.A.D. (2010) Titanium in phengite: a geobarometer for high temperature eclogites. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 159, 1–24.10.1007/s00410-009-0412-7Suche in Google Scholar

Axler, J.A., and Ague, J.J. (2015a) Exsolution of rutile or apatite precipitates surrounding ruptured inclusions in garnet from UHT and UHP rocks. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 33, 829–848.10.1111/jmg.12145Suche in Google Scholar

Axler, J.A., and Ague, J.J. (2015b) Oriented multiphase needles in garnet from ultrahigh-temperature granulites, Connecticut, U.S.A. American Mineralogist, 100, 2254–2271.10.2138/am-2015-5018Suche in Google Scholar

Bachmann, F., Hielscher, R., and Schaeben, H. (2010) Texture analysis with MTEX—Free and open source software toolbox. Solid State Phenomena, 160, 63–68.10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.160.63Suche in Google Scholar

Balluffi, R.W., Allen, S.M., and Carter, W.C. (2005) Kinetics of Materials, 645 p. Wiley, Hoboken.10.1002/0471749311Suche in Google Scholar

Baumann, S.F., Michael, J., and Williams, D.B. (1981) Initiation and growth of the grain boundary discontinuous precipitation reaction. Acta Metallurgica, 29, 1343–1355.10.1016/0001-6160(81)90025-0Suche in Google Scholar

Boudeulle, M. (1994) Disproportionation in mineral solid solutions: symmetry constraints on precipitate orientation and morphology. Implications for the study of oriented intergrowths. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 27, 567–573.10.1107/S0021889894000750Suche in Google Scholar

Brandon, D.G. (1966) The structure of high-angle grain boundaries. Acta Metallurgica, 14, 1479–1484.10.1016/0001-6160(66)90168-4Suche in Google Scholar

Brunet, F., Allan, D.R., Redfern, S.A.T., Angel, R.J., Miletich, R., Reichmann, H.J., Sergent, J., and Hanfland, M. (1999) Compressibility and thermal expansivity of synthetic apatites, Ca5(PO43X with W = OH, F and Cl. European Journal of Mineralogy, 11, 1023–1035.10.1127/ejm/11/6/1023Suche in Google Scholar

Bunge, J.H., Weiss, W., Klein, H., Wcislak, L., Garbe, U., and Schneider, J.R. (2003) Orientation relationship of Widmanstätten plates in an iron meteorite measured with high-energy synchrotron radiation. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 36, 137–140.10.1107/S0021889802021386Suche in Google Scholar

Cahn, J.W. (1957) Nucleation on dislocations. Acta Metallurgica, 5, 169–172.10.1016/0001-6160(57)90021-4Suche in Google Scholar

Cahn, J.W., and Hilliard, J.E. (1971) Spinodal decomposition: A reprise. Acta Metallurgica, 19, 151–161.10.1016/0001-6160(71)90127-1Suche in Google Scholar

Cahn, J.W., Pan, J.D., and Balluffi, R.W. (1979) Diffusion induced grain boundary migration. Scripta Metallurgica, 13, 503–509.10.2172/6146335Suche in Google Scholar

Cayron, C. (2014) EBSD imaging of orientation relationships and variant groupings in different martensitic alloys and Widmanstätten iron meteorites. Materials Characterization, 94, 93–110.10.1016/j.matchar.2014.05.015Suche in Google Scholar

Chakraborty, S., and Ganguly, J. (1992) Cation diffusion in aluminosilicate garnets: experimental determination in spessartine-almandine diffusion couples, evaluation of effective binary diffusion coefficients, and applications. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 111, 74–86.10.1007/BF00296579Suche in Google Scholar

Chu, X., and Ague, J.J. (2015) Analysis of experimental data on divalent cation diffusion kinetics in aluminosilicate garnets with application to timescales of peak Barrovian metamorphism, Scotland. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 170, 25.10.1007/s00410-015-1175-ySuche in Google Scholar

Colasanti, C.V., Johnson, E.A., and Manning, C.E. (2011) An experimental study of OH solubility in rutile at 500–900 °C, 0.5–2 GPa, and a range of oxygen fugacities. American Mineralogist, 96, 1291–1299.10.2138/am.2011.3708Suche in Google Scholar

Collerson, K.D., Williams, Q., Kamber, B.S., Omori, S., Hiroyoshi, A., and Ohtani, E. (2010) Majoritic garnet: A new approach to pressure estimation of shock events in meteorites and the encapsulation of sub-lithospheric inclusions in diamond. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 74, 5939–5957.10.1016/j.gca.2010.07.005Suche in Google Scholar

Daneu, N., Rečnik, A., and Mader, W. (2014) Atomic structure and formation mechanism of (101) rutile twins from Diamantina (Brazil). American Mineralogist, 99, 612–624.10.2138/am.2014.4672Suche in Google Scholar

Dobrzhinetskaya, L.F., Green, H.W. II, Renfro, A.P., Bozhilov, K.N., Spengler, D., and van Roermund, H.R.M. (2004) Precipitation of pyroxenes and Mg2SiO4 from majoritic garnet: simulation of peridotite exhumation from great depth. Terra Nova, 16, 325–330.10.1111/j.1365-3121.2004.00569.xSuche in Google Scholar

Escudero, A., Langenhorst, F., and Müller, W.F. (2012) Aluminum solubility in TiO2 rutile at high pressure and experimental evidence for a CaCl2-structured polymorph. American Mineralogist, 97, 1075–1082.10.2138/am.2012.4049Suche in Google Scholar

Fiquet, G., Richet, P., and Montagnac, G. (1999) High-temperature thermal expansion of lime, periclase, corundum and spinel. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 27, 103–111.10.1007/s002690050246Suche in Google Scholar

Fisher, J.C., Hollomon, J.H., and Leschen, J.G. (1952) Precipitation from solid solution. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 44, 1324–1327.10.1021/ie50510a040Suche in Google Scholar

Fujii, T., Tohgo, K., Mori, Y., and Shimamura, Y. (2018) Crystallography of intergranular corrosion in sensitized austentitic stainless steel. Materials Characterization, 144, 219–226.10.1016/j.matchar.2018.07.014Suche in Google Scholar

Fung, A., and Haggerty, S.E. (1995) Petrography and mineral compositions of eclogites from the Koidu Kimberlite Complex, Sierra Leone. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 20,451–20,473.10.1029/95JB01573Suche in Google Scholar

Geiger, C.A., Brearley, A.J., Dachs, E., Tipplet, G., and Rossman, G.R. (2016) A Study of Defect Behavior in Almandine Garnet. AGU Abstracts with Programs, MR42A-03.Suche in Google Scholar

Goldstein, J.I., and Ogilvie, R.E. (1965) The growth of the Widmanstätten pattern in metallic meteorites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 29, 893–920. Griffin, W.L. (2008) Major transformations reveal Earth’s deep secrets. Geology, 36, 95–96.10.1016/0016-7037(65)90085-2Suche in Google Scholar

Griffin, W.L. (2008) Major transformations reveal Earth’s deep secrets. Geology, 36, 95–96.10.1130/focus012008.1Suche in Google Scholar

Griffin, W.L., Jensen, B.B., and Misra, S.N. (1971) Anomalously elongated rutile in eclogite-facies pyroxene and garnet. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, 51, 177–185.Suche in Google Scholar

Griffiths, T.A., Habler, G., and Abart, R. (2016) Crystallographic orientation relationships in host–inclusion systems: New insights from large EBSD data sets. American Mineralogist, 101, 690–705.10.2138/am-2016-5442Suche in Google Scholar

Griffiths, T.A., Habler, G., Schantl, P., and Abart, R. (2017) Crystallographic Orientation Relationships (CORs) between rutile inclusions and garnet hosts: towards using COR frequencies as a petrogenetic indicator. Geophysical Research Abstracts, 19, EGU2017-7523.Suche in Google Scholar

Habler, G., and Griffiths, T. (2017) Crystallographic orientation relationships. In W. Heinrich and R. Abart, Eds., Mineral Reaction Kinetics: Microstructures, textures, chemical and isotopic signatures. European Mineralogical Union Notes in Mineralogy, 16, 541–585.10.1180/EMU-notes.16.15Suche in Google Scholar

Hacker, B.R., Sharp, T., Zhang, R.Y., Liou, J.G., and Hervig, R.L. (1997) Determining the origin of ultrahigh-pressure lherzolites. Science, 278, 702–704.10.1126/science.278.5338.702Suche in Google Scholar

Hammer, J.E., Sharp, T.G., and Wessel, P. (2010) Heterogeneous nucleation and epitaxial crystal growth of magmatic minerals. Geology, 38, 367–370.10.1130/G30601.1Suche in Google Scholar

Harlov, D.E., Wirth, R., and Förster, H.J. (2005) An experimental study of dissolution-reprecipitation in fluorapatite: fluid infiltration and the formation of monazite. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 150, 268–286.10.1007/s00410-005-0017-8Suche in Google Scholar

Harte, B. (2010) Diamond formation in the deep mantle: the record of mineral inclusions and their distribution in relation to mantle dehydration zones. Mineralogical Magazine, 74, 189–215.10.1180/minmag.2010.074.2.189Suche in Google Scholar

Hermann, J., and Spandler, C.J. (2008) Sediment melts at sub-arc depths: an experimental study. Journal of Petrology, 49, 717–740.10.1093/petrology/egm073Suche in Google Scholar

Hielscher, R., Schaeben, H., and Siemes, H. (2010) Orientation distribution within a single hematite crystal. Mathematical Geosciences, 42, 359–375.10.1007/s11004-010-9271-zSuche in Google Scholar

Howe, J.M. (1997) Interfaces in Materials: Atomic structure, thermodynamics and kinetics of solid-vapor, solid-liquid and solid-solid interfaces, 516 p. Wiley, New York.Suche in Google Scholar

Hutchinson, B., Ryde, L., and Bate, P. (2005) Transformation textures in steels. Materials Science Forum, 495-497, 1141–1150.10.4028/0-87849-975-x.1141Suche in Google Scholar

Hwang, S.L., Yui, T.F., Chu, H.T., Shen, P., Schertl, H.P., Zhang, R.Y., and Liou, J.G. (2007) On the origin of oriented rutile needles in garnet from UHP eclogites. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 25, 349–362.10.1111/j.1525-1314.2007.00699.xSuche in Google Scholar

Hwang, S.L., Shen, P., Chu, H.T., Yui, T.F., and Iizuka, Y. (2015) Origin of rutile needles in star garnet and implications for interpretation of inclusion textures in ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 33, 249–272.10.1111/jmg.12119Suche in Google Scholar

Hwang, S.L., Shen, P., Chu, H.T., and Yui, T.F. (2016) On the forbidden and the optimum crystallographic variant of rutile in garnet. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 49, 1922–1940.10.1107/S1600576716014151Suche in Google Scholar

Keller, D.S., and Ague, J.J. (2018) High-pressure granulite facies metamorphism (~1.8 GPa) revealed in silica-undersaturated garnet-spinel-corundum gneiss, Central Maine Terrane, Connecticut, U.S.A. American Mineralogist, 103, 1851–1868.Suche in Google Scholar

Konzett, J. (2016) From phosphates to silicates and back: An experimental study on the transport and storage of phosphorus in eclogites during uplift and exhumation. American Mineralogist, 101, 1756–1768.10.2138/am-2016-5521Suche in Google Scholar

Liu, S.J., Li, J.H., and Santosh, M. (2010) First application of the revised Ti-in-zircon geothermometer to Paleoproterozoic ultrahigh-temperature granulites of Tuguiwula, Inner Mongolia, North China Craton. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 159, 225–235.10.1007/s00410-009-0425-2Suche in Google Scholar

Marquardt, K., Rohrer, G.S., Morales, L., Rybacki, E., Marquardt, H., and Lin, B. (2015) The most frequent interfaces in olivine aggregates: the GBCD and its importance for grain boundary related processes. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 170, 40.10.1007/s00410-015-1193-9Suche in Google Scholar

Meagher, E.P., and Lager, G.A. (1979) Polyhedral thermal expansion in the TiO2 polymorphs: Refinement of the crystal structures of rutile and brookite at high temperature. Canadian Mineralogist, 17, 77–85.Suche in Google Scholar

Morito, S., Huang, X., Furuhara, T., Maki, T., and Hansen, N. (2006) The morphology and crystallography of lath martensite in alloy steels. Acta Materialia, 54, 5323–5331.10.1016/j.actamat.2006.07.009Suche in Google Scholar

Mposkos, E.D., and Kostopoulos, D.K. (2001) Diamond, former coesite and supersilicic garnet in metasedimentary rocks from the Greek Rhodope: a new ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic province established. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 192, 497–506.10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00478-2Suche in Google Scholar

Nabarro, F.R.N. (1940) The strains produced by precipitation in alloys. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A, 175, 519–538.Suche in Google Scholar

O’Brien, P.J. (2008) Challenges in high-pressure granulite metamorphism in the era of pseudosections: reaction textures, compositional zoning and tectonic interpretation with examples from the Bohemian Massif. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 26, 235–251.10.1111/j.1525-1314.2007.00758.xSuche in Google Scholar

Ono, S. (1998) Stability limits of hydrous minerals in sediment and mid-ocean ridge basalt compositions: Implications for water transport in subduction zones. Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 18253–18267.10.1029/98JB01351Suche in Google Scholar

Perchuk, A.L. (2008) Unusual inclusions in garnet from the diamond-bearing gneiss of the Erzgebirge, Germany. Geochemistry International, 46, 296–303.10.1134/S0016702908030063Suche in Google Scholar

Phillips, D.S., Heuer, A.H., and Mitchell, T.E. (1980) Precipitation in star sapphire I. Identification of the precipitate. Philosophical Magazine A, 42, 385–404.10.1080/01418618008239365Suche in Google Scholar

Pollok, K., Lloyd, G.E., Austrheim, H., and Putnis, A. (2008) Complex replacement patterns in garnets from Bergen Arcs eclogites: A combined EBSD and analytical TEM study. Chemie der Erde, 68, 177–191.10.1016/j.chemer.2007.12.002Suche in Google Scholar

Proyer, A., Krenn, K., and Hoinkes, G. (2009) Oriented precipitates of quartz and amphibole in clinopyroxene of metabasites from the Greek Rhodope: a product of open system precipitation during eclogite–granulite–amphibolite transition. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 27, 639–654.10.1111/j.1525-1314.2009.00844.xSuche in Google Scholar

Proyer, A., Habler, G., Abart, R., Wirth, R., Krenn, K., and Hoinkes, G. (2013) TiO2 exsolution from garnet by open-system precipitation: evidence from crystallographic and shape preferred orientation of rutile inclusions. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 166, 211–234.10.1007/s00410-013-0872-7Suche in Google Scholar

Putnis, A. (1992) An Introduction to Mineral Sciences, 457 p. Cambridge University Press, New York.10.1017/CBO9781139170383Suche in Google Scholar

Putnis, A., and John, T. (2010) Replacement processes in the Earth’s crust. Elements, 6, 159–164.10.2113/gselements.6.3.159Suche in Google Scholar

Qian, Q., and Hermann, J. (2013) Partial melting of lower crust at 10–15 kbar: constraints on adakite and TTG formation. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 165, 1195–1224.10.1007/s00410-013-0854-9Suche in Google Scholar

Ramsden, A.R., and Cameron, E.N. (1966) Kamacite and taenite superstructures and a metastable tetragonal phase in iron meteorites. American Mineralogist, 51, 37–55.Suche in Google Scholar

Rečnik, A., Stanković, N., and Daneu, N. (2015) Topotaxial reactions during the genesis of oriented rutile/hematite intergrowths from Mwinilunga (Zambia). Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 169, 19.10.1007/s00410-015-1107-xSuche in Google Scholar

Ringwood, A.E., and Major, A. (1971) Synthesis of majorite and other high pressure garnets and perovskites. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 12, 411–418.10.1016/0012-821X(71)90026-4Suche in Google Scholar

Rohrer, G.S. (2011) Grain boundary energy anisotropy: a review. Journal of Materials Science, 46, 5881–5895.10.1007/s10853-011-5677-3Suche in Google Scholar

Ruiz-Cruz, M.D., and Sanz de Galdeano, C. (2013) Coesite and diamond inclusions, exsolution microstructures and chemical patterns in ultrahigh pressure garnet from Ceuta (Northern Rif, Spain). Lithos, 177, 184–206.10.1016/j.lithos.2013.06.004Suche in Google Scholar

Sakamaki, K., Sato, Y., and Ogasawara, Y. (2016) Hydrous Na-garnet from Garnet Ridge; products of mantle metasomatism underneath the Colorado Plateau. Progress in Earth and Planetary Science, 3, 20.10.1186/s40645-016-0095-4Suche in Google Scholar

Sánchez-Muñoz, L., del Campo, A., and Fernández, J.F. (2016) Symmetry constraints during the development of anisotropic spinodal patterns. Scientific Reports, 6, 20806.10.1038/srep20806Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Santoro, A., and Mighell, A.D. (1973) Coincidence-site lattices. Acta Crystallographica, A29, 169–175.10.1107/S0567739473000434Suche in Google Scholar

Shiflet, G.J., and van der Merwe, J.H. (1994) The role of structural ledges as misfit-compensating defects: fcc-bcc interphase boundaries. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 25A, 1895–1903.10.1007/BF02649037Suche in Google Scholar

Sobolev, N.V. Jr., and Lavrent’ev, J.G. (1971) Isomorphic sodium admixture in garnets formed at high pressures. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 31, 1–12.10.1007/BF00373387Suche in Google Scholar

Sonderegger, B., Mitsche, S., and Cerjak, H. (2007) Martensite laths in creep resistant martensitic 9–12% Cr steels—Calculation and measurement of misorientations. Materials Characterization, 58, 874–882.10.1016/j.matchar.2006.08.014Suche in Google Scholar

Song, S., Zhang, L., Chen, J., Liou, J.G., and Niu, Y. (2005) Sodic amphibole exsolutions in garnet from garnet-peridotite, North Qaidam UHPM belt, NW China: Implications for ultradeep-origin and hydroxyl defects in mantle garnets. American Mineralogist, 90, 814–820.10.2138/am.2005.1684Suche in Google Scholar

Spengler, D. (2006) Origin and evolution of deep upper mantle rocks from western Norway. Ph.D. thesis, University of Utrecht, 287 p.Suche in Google Scholar

Stanford, N., and Bate, P.S. (2005) Crystallographic variant selection in α–β brass. Acta Materialia, 53, 859–867.10.1016/j.actamat.2004.10.043Suche in Google Scholar

Tan, W., He, H., Yan Wang, C. Dong, H., Liang, X., and Zhu, J. (2016) Magnetite exsolution in ilmenite from the Fe-Ti oxide gabbro in the Xinjie intrusion (SW China) and sources of unusually strong remnant magnetization. American Mineralogist, 101, 2759–2767.10.2138/am-2016-5688Suche in Google Scholar

Thiéblot, L., Roux, J., and Richet, P. (1998) High-temperature thermal expansion and decomposition of garnets. European Journal of Mineralogy, 10, 7–15.10.1127/ejm/10/1/0007Suche in Google Scholar

van Roermund, H.L.M., and Drury, M.R. (1998) Ultra-high pressure P > 6 GPa) garnet peridotites in Western Norway: exhumation of mantle rocks from >185 km depth. Terra Nova, 10, 295–301.10.1046/j.1365-3121.1998.00213.xSuche in Google Scholar

van Roermund, H.L.M., Drury, M.R., Barnhoorn, A., and de Ronde, A. (2000) Non-silicate inclusions in garnet from an ultra-deep orogenic peridotite. Geological Journal, 35, 209–229.10.1002/gj.858Suche in Google Scholar

Wang, L., Essene, E.J., and Zhang, Y. (1999) Mineral inclusions in pyrope crystals from Garnet Ridge, Arizona, USA: Implications for processes in the upper mantle. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 135, 164–178.10.1007/s004100050504Suche in Google Scholar

Wechsler, B.A., and Prewitt, C.T. (1984) Crystal structure of ilmenite (FeTiO3 at high temperature and at high pressure. American Mineralogist, 69, 176–185.Suche in Google Scholar

Wenk, H.R., Chen, K., and Smith, R. (2011) Morphology and microstructure of magnetite and ilmenite inclusions in plagioclase from Adirondack anorthositic gneiss. American Mineralogist, 96, 1316–1324.10.2138/am.2011.3760Suche in Google Scholar

Wijbrans, C.H., Rohrbach, A., and Klemme, S. (2016) An experimental investigation of the stability of majoritic garnet in the Earth’s mantle and an improved majorite geobarometer. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 171, 50.10.1007/s00410-016-1255-7Suche in Google Scholar

Wood, B.J., Kiseeva, E.S., and Matzen, A.K. (2013) Garnet in the Earth’s Mantle. Elements, 9, 421–426.10.2113/gselements.9.6.421Suche in Google Scholar

Xu, H.J., and Wu, Y. (2017) Oriented inclusions of pyroxene, amphibole, and rutile in garnet from the Lüliangshan garnet peridotite massif, North Qaidam UHPM belt, NW China: an electron backscatter diffraction study. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 35, 1–17.10.1111/jmg.12208Suche in Google Scholar

Ye, K., Cong, B., and Ye, D. (2000) The possible subduction of continental material to depths greater than 200 km. Nature, 407, 734–736.10.1038/35037566Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Zack, T., Moraes, R., and Kronz, A. (2004) Temperature dependence of Zr in rutile: empirical calibration of a rutile thermometer. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 148, 471–488.10.1007/s00410-004-0617-8Suche in Google Scholar

Zhang, R.Y., and Liou, J.G. (1999) Exsolution lamellae in minerals from ultrahigh-pressure rocks. International Geology Review, 41, 981–993.10.1080/00206819909465184Suche in Google Scholar

Zhang, J.F., Xu, H.J., Liu, Q., Green, H.W. II, and Dobrzhinetskaya, L.F. (2011) Pyroxene exsolution topotaxy in majoritic garnet from 250 to 300 km depth. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 29, 741–751.10.1111/j.1525-1314.2011.00939.xSuche in Google Scholar

Zhao, J., Brugger, J., Grguric, B.A., Ngothai, Y., and Pring, A. (2017) Fluid-enhanced coarsening of mineral microstructures in hydrothermally synthesized bornite-digenite solid solution. ACS Earth and Space Chemistry, 1, 465–474.10.1021/acsearthspacechem.7b00034Suche in Google Scholar

Received: 2018-10-17
Accepted: 2019-03-28
Published Online: 2019-06-20
Published in Print: 2019-07-26

© 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Fate of cobalt and nickel in mackinawite during diagenetic pyrite formation
  2. Influence of aluminum on the elasticity of majorite-pyrope garnets
  3. The quench control of water estimates in convergent margin magmas
  4. Textural and chemical variations of micas as indicators for tungsten mineralization: Evidence from highly evolved granites in the Dahutang tungsten deposit, South China
  5. A topological model for defects and interfaces in complex crystal structures
  6. Phoxite, (NH4)2Mg2(C2O4)(PO3OH)2(H2O)4, the first phosphate-oxalate mineral
  7. Crystallographic and textural evidence for precipitation of rutile, ilmenite, corundum, and apatite lamellae from garnet
  8. A low-aluminum clinopyroxene-liquid geothermometer for high-silica magmatic systems
  9. Compressibility of synthetic Mg-Al tourmalines to 60 GPa
  10. The single-crystal elastic properties of the jadeite-diopside solid solution and their implications for the composition-dependent seismic properties of eclogite
  11. Elasticity of single-crystal low water content hydrous pyrope at high-pressure and high-temperature conditions
  12. Determination of the oxidation state of iron in Mid-Ocean Ridge basalt glasses by Raman spectroscopy
  13. Lepageite, Mn32+Fe73+Fe42+O3Sb53+As83+O34,a new arsenite-antimonite mineral from the Szklary pegmatite, Lower Silesia, Poland
  14. High-temperature structural change and microtexture formation of sillimanite and its phase relation with mullite
  15. Memorial of Paul Brian Moore 1940–2019
https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2019-6849
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
Garnet; rutile, ilmenite; corundum; apatite; crystallographic orientation relationship; precipitation; Widmanstätten pattern

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Fate of cobalt and nickel in mackinawite during diagenetic pyrite formation
  2. Influence of aluminum on the elasticity of majorite-pyrope garnets
  3. The quench control of water estimates in convergent margin magmas
  4. Textural and chemical variations of micas as indicators for tungsten mineralization: Evidence from highly evolved granites in the Dahutang tungsten deposit, South China
  5. A topological model for defects and interfaces in complex crystal structures
  6. Phoxite, (NH4)2Mg2(C2O4)(PO3OH)2(H2O)4, the first phosphate-oxalate mineral
  7. Crystallographic and textural evidence for precipitation of rutile, ilmenite, corundum, and apatite lamellae from garnet
  8. A low-aluminum clinopyroxene-liquid geothermometer for high-silica magmatic systems
  9. Compressibility of synthetic Mg-Al tourmalines to 60 GPa
  10. The single-crystal elastic properties of the jadeite-diopside solid solution and their implications for the composition-dependent seismic properties of eclogite
  11. Elasticity of single-crystal low water content hydrous pyrope at high-pressure and high-temperature conditions
  12. Determination of the oxidation state of iron in Mid-Ocean Ridge basalt glasses by Raman spectroscopy
  13. Lepageite, Mn32+Fe73+Fe42+O3Sb53+As83+O34,a new arsenite-antimonite mineral from the Szklary pegmatite, Lower Silesia, Poland
  14. High-temperature structural change and microtexture formation of sillimanite and its phase relation with mullite
  15. Memorial of Paul Brian Moore 1940–2019
Jetzt anmelden und 20% sparen
Institutioneller Zugang
Wie funktioniert Authentifizierung?
Haben Sie eine Idee, wie wir unsere Website verbessern können?
Bitte schreiben Sie uns.
© 2025 De Gruyter Brill
Heruntergeladen am 22.9.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.2138/am-2019-6849/html
Button zum nach oben scrollen