Skip to main content
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Compressibility of synthetic Mg-Al tourmalines to 60 GPa

  • , EMAIL logo , and
Published/Copyright: June 20, 2019
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill
Author Information
American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 104 Issue 7

Abstract

High-pressure single-crystal X‑ray diffraction patterns on five synthetic Mg-Al tourmalines with near end-member compositions [dravite NaMg3Al6Si6O18(BO3)3(OH)3OH, K-dravite KMg3Al6Si6O18(BO3)3(OH)3OH, magnesio-foitite ☐(Mg2Al)Al6Si6O18(BO3)3(OH)3OH, oxy-uvite CaMg3Al6Si6O18(BO3)3(OH)3O, and olenite NaAl3Al6Si6O18(BO3)3O3OH, where o represents an X-site vacancy] were collected to 60 GPa at 300 K using a diamond-anvil cell and synchrotron radiation. No phase transitions were observed for any of the investigated compositions. The refined unit-cell parameters were used to constrain third-order Birch-Murnaghan pressure-volume equation of states with the following isothermal bulk moduli (K0 in GPa) and corresponding pressure derivatives (K0ʹ = ∂K0/∂P)T: dravite K0 = 97(6), K0ʹ = 5.0(5); K-dravite K0 = 109(4), K0ʹ = 4.3(2); oxy-uvite K0 = 110(2), K0ʹ = 4.1(1); magnesio-foitite K0 = 116(2), K0ʹ = 3.5(1); olenite K0 = 116(6), K0ʹ = 4.7(4). Each tourmaline exhibits highly anisotropic behavior under compression, with the c axis 2.8–3.6 times more compressible than the a axis at ambient conditions. This anisotropy decreases strongly with increasing pressure and the c axis is only ~14% more compressible than the a axis near 60 GPa. The octahedral Y- and Z-sites’ composition exerts a primary control on tourmaline’s compressibility, whereby Al content is correlated with a decrease in the c-axis compressibility and a corresponding increase in K0 and Kʹ. Contrary to expectations, the identity of the X-site-occupying ion (Na, 0 K, or Ca) does not have a demonstrable effect on tourmaline’s compression curve. The presence of a fully vacant X site in magnesio-foitite results in a decrease of K0ʹ relative to the alkali and Ca tourmalines. The decrease in K0ʹ for magnesio-foitite is accounted for by an increase in compressibility along the a axis at high pressure, reflecting increased compression of tourmaline’s ring structure in the presence of a vacant X site. This study highlights the utility of synthetic crystals in untangling the effect of composition on tourmaline’s compression behavior.

Keywords: Tourmaline; synthetic; single-crystal X‑ray diffraction; equation of state; diamond-anvil cell

  1. Funding

    Financial support was provided by NSF and NNSA through a subcontract with Washington State University (DE-NA0002007). GeoSoilEnviroCARS is supported by NSF (EAR-1634415) and DOE (DE-FG02-94ER14466). Use of the COMPRES-GSECARS gas-loading system was supported by COMPRES and GSECARS. This research used resources of the Advanced Photon Source, a DOE Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to M. Kutzschbach for supplying the synthetic olenite; to S. Tkachev for gas-loading of the DACs; to R. Dutta, S. Han, D. Kim, K. Duffey, F. Wilke, H.-P. Nabein, and A. Ertl for experimental assistance; to G. Finkelstein and P. Dera for guidance in data analysis; and to two anonymous reviewers for feedback on the original version of the manuscript.

References cited

Angel, R.J. (2000) Equations of state. In R.M. Hazen and R.T. Downs, Eds., High-temperature and high-pressure crystal chemistry. Reviews in Mineralogy, 41, 35–60.10.1515/9781501508707-006Search in Google Scholar

Angel, R.J., Gonzalez-Platas, J., and Alvaro, M. (2014) EosFit7c and a Fortran module (library) for equation of state calculations. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 229, 405–419.10.1515/zkri-2013-1711Search in Google Scholar

Bačík, P., Cempírek, J., Uher, P., Novák, M., Ozdín, D., Filip, J., Škoda, R., Breiter, K., Klementová, M., and Ďuďa, R. (2013) Oxy-schorl, Na(Fe22+Al) Al6Si6O18(BO33(OH)3O, a new mineral from Zlatá Idka, Slovak Republic and Prĭbyslavice, Czech Republic. American Mineralogist, 98, 485–492.10.2138/am.2013.4293Search in Google Scholar

Bačík, P., Ertl, A., Števko, M., Giester, G., and Sečkár, P. (2015) Acicular zoned tourmaline (magnesio-foitite to foitite) from a quartz vein near Tisovec, Slovakia: the relationship between crystal chemistry and acicular habit. Canadian Mineralogist, 53, 221–234.10.3749/canmin.1400085Search in Google Scholar

Bass, J.D., Liebermann, R.C., Weidner, D.J., and Finch, S.J. (1981) Elastic properties from acoustic and volume compression experiments. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 25, 140–158.10.1016/0031-9201(81)90147-3Search in Google Scholar

Berryman, E., Wunder, B., and Rhede, D. (2014) Synthesis of K-dominant tourmaline. American Mineralogist, 99, 539–542.10.2138/am.2014.4775Search in Google Scholar

Berryman, E.J., Wunder, B., Wirth, R., Rhede, D., Schettler, G., Franz, G., and Heinrich, W. (2015) An experimental study on K and Na incorporation in dravitic tourmaline and insight into the origin of diamondiferous tourmaline from the Kokchetav Massif, Kazakhstan. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 169, 28.10.1007/s00410-015-1116-9Search in Google Scholar

Berryman, E.J., Wunder, B., Rhede, D., Schettler, G., Franz, G., and Heinrich, W. (2016a) P-T-X controls on Ca and Na distribution between Mg-Al tourmaline and fluid. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 171, 31.10.1007/s00410-016-1246-8Search in Google Scholar

Berryman, E.J., Wunder, B., Ertl, A., Koch-Müller, M., Rhede, D., Scheidl, K., Giester, G., and Heinrich, W. (2016b) Influence of the X-site composition on tourmaline’s crystal structure: investigation of synthetic K-dravite, dravite, oxy-uvite, and magnesio-foitite using SREF and Raman spectroscopy. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 43, 83–102.10.1007/s00269-015-0776-3Search in Google Scholar

Boffa Ballaran, T., Kurnosov, A., Glazyrin, K., Frost, D.J., Merlini, M., Hanfland, M., and Caracas, R. (2012) Effect of chemistry on the compressibility of silicate perovskite in the lower mantle. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 333-334, 181–190.10.1016/j.epsl.2012.03.029Search in Google Scholar

Bosi, F. (2008) Disordering of Fe2+ over octahedrally coordinated sites of tourmaline. American Mineralogist, 93, 1647–1653.10.2138/am.2008.2722Search in Google Scholar

Bosi, F. (2018) Tourmaline crystal chemistry. American Mineralogist, 103, 298–306.10.2138/am-2018-6289Search in Google Scholar

Bosi, F., and Lucchesi, S. (2007) Crystal chemical relationships in the tourmaline group: structural constraints on chemical variability. American Mineralogist, 92, 1054–1063.10.2138/am.2007.2370Search in Google Scholar

Bosi, F., Balić-Žunić, T., and Surour, A.A. (2010) Crystal structure analyses of four tourmaline specimens from the Cleopatra’s Mines (Egypt) and Jabal Zalm (Saudi Arabia), and the role of Al in the tourmaline group. American Mineralogist, 95, 510–518.10.2138/am.2010.3357Search in Google Scholar

Bosi, F., Reznitskii, L., and Skogby, H. (2012) Oxy-chromium-dravite, NaCr3(Cr4Mg2(Si6O18(BO33(OH)3O, a new mineral species of the tourmaline supergroup. American Mineralogist, 97, 2024–2030.10.2138/am.2012.4210Search in Google Scholar

Bosi, F., Andreozzi, G.B., Skogby, H., Lussier, A.J., Abdu, Y., and Hawthorne, F.C. (2013a) Fluor-elbaite, Na(Li1.5Al1.5Al6(Si6O18(BO33(OH)3F, a new mineral species of the tourmaline supergroup. American Mineralogist, 98, 297–303.10.2138/am.2013.4285Search in Google Scholar

Bosi, F., Reznitskii, L., and Sklyarov, E.V. (2013b) Oxy-vanadium-dravite, NaV3(V4Mg2(Si6O18(BO33(OH)3O: crystal structure and redefinition of the “vanadium-dravite” tourmaline. American Mineralogist, 98, 501–505.10.2138/am.2013.4243Search in Google Scholar

Bosi, F., Skogby, H., Hålenius, U., and Reznitskii, L. (2013c) Crystallographic and spectroscopic characterization of Fe-bearing chromo-alumino-povondraite and its relations with oxy-chromium-dravite and oxy-dravite. American Mineralogist, 98, 1557–1564.10.2138/am.2013.4447Search in Google Scholar

Bosi, F., Reznitskii, L., Skogby, H., and Hålenius, U. (2014a) Vanadio-oxy-chromium-dravite, NaV3(Cr4Mg2(Si6O18(BO33(OH)3O, a new mineral species of the tourmaline supergroup. American Mineralogist, 99, 1155–1162.10.2138/am.2014.4568Search in Google Scholar

Bosi, F., Skogby, H., Reznitskii, L., and Hålenius, U. (2014b) Vanadio-oxy-dravite, NaV3(Al4Mg2(Si6O18(BO33(OH)3O, a new mineral species of the tourmaline supergroup. American Mineralogist, 99, 218–224.10.2138/am.2014.4605Search in Google Scholar

Bosi, F., Andreozzi, G.B., Hålenius, U., and Skogby, H. (2015a) Experimental evidence for partial Fe2+ disorder at the Y and Z sites of tourmaline: a combined EMP, SREF, MS, IR and OAS study of schorl. Mineralogical Magazine, 79, 515–528.10.1180/minmag.2015.079.3.01Search in Google Scholar

Bosi, F., Andreozzi, G.B., Agrosì, G., and Scandale, E. (2015b) Fluor-tsilaisite, NaMn3Al6(Si6O18(BO33(OH)3F, a new tourmaline from San Piero in Campo (Elba, Italy) and new data on tsilaisitic tourmaline from the holotype specimen locality. Mineralogical Magazine, 79, 89–101.10.1180/minmag.2015.079.1.08Search in Google Scholar

Bosi, F., Skogby, H., Lazor, P., and Reznitskii, L. (2015c) Atomic arrangements around the O3 site in Al- and Cr-rich oxy-tourmalines: a combined EMP, SREF, FTIR and Raman study. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 42, 441–453.10.1007/s00269-015-0735-zSearch in Google Scholar

Bosi, F., Skogby, H., and Hålenius, U. (2016a) Thermally induced cation redistribution in Fe-bearing oxy-dravite and potential geothermometric implications. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 171, 47.10.1007/s00410-016-1259-3Search in Google Scholar

Bosi, F., Skogby, H., and Balić-Žunić, T. (2016b) Thermal stability of extended clusters in dravite: a combined EMP, SREF and FTIR study. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 43, 395–407.10.1007/s00269-016-0804-ySearch in Google Scholar

Bosi, F., Reznitskii, L., Hålenius, U., and Skogby, H. (2017a) Crystal chemistry of Al-V-Cr oxy-tourmalines from Sludyanka complex, Lake Baikal, Russia. European Journal of Mineralogy, 29, 457–472.10.1127/ejm/2017/0029-2617Search in Google Scholar

Bosi, F., Cámara, F., Ciriotti, M.E., Hålenius, U., Reznitskii, L., and Stagno, V. (2017b) Crystal-chemical relations and classification problems of tourmalines belonging to the oxy-schorl–oxy-dravite–bosiite–povondraite series. European Journal of Mineralogy, 29, 445–455.10.1127/ejm/2017/0029-2616Search in Google Scholar

Cempírek, J., Houzar, S., Novák, M., Groat, L.A., Selway, J.B., and Šrein, V. (2013) Crystal structure and compositional evolution of vanadium-rich oxy-dravite from graphite quartzite at Bítovánky, Czech Republic. Journal of Geosciencies, 58, 149–162.10.3190/jgeosci.139Search in Google Scholar

Clark, C.M., Hawthorne, F.C., and Ottolini, L. (2011) Fluor-dravite, NaMg3Al6Si6O18(BO33(OH)3F, a new mineral species of the tourmaline group from the Crabtree emerald mine, Mitchell County, North Carolina: description and crystal structure. Canadian Mineralogist, 49, 57–62.10.3749/canmin.49.1.57Search in Google Scholar

Clemens, P., and Prakapenka, V.B. (2015) DIOPTAS: a program for reduction of two-dimensional X‑ray diffraction data and data exploration. High Pressure Research, 35, 223–230.10.1080/08957959.2015.1059835Search in Google Scholar

Dera, P., Zhuravlev, K., Prakapenka, V., Rivers, M.L., Finkelstein, G.J., Grubor-Urosevic, O., Tschauner, O., Clark, S.M., and Downs, R.T. (2013) High pressure single-crystal micro X‑ray diffraction analysis with GSE_ADA/RSV software. High Pressure Research, 33, 466–484.10.1080/08957959.2013.806504Search in Google Scholar

Dewaele, A., Loubeyre, P., and Mezouar, M. (2004) Equations of state of six metals above 94 GPa. Physical Review B, 70, 094112.10.1103/PhysRevB.70.094112Search in Google Scholar

Dietrich R.V. (1985) The Tourmaline Group. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, 300 p.10.1007/978-1-4684-8085-6Search in Google Scholar

Dutrow, B.L., and Henry, D.J. (2011) Tourmaline: A Geologic DVD. Elements, 7, 301–306.10.2113/gselements.7.5.301Search in Google Scholar

Ertl, A., Hughes, J.M., Prowatke, S., Rossman, G.R., London, D., and Fritz, E.A. (2003) Mn-rich tourmaline from Austria: structure, chemistry, optical spectra, and relations to synthetic sold solutions. American Mineralogist, 88, 1369–1376.10.2138/am-2003-8-921Search in Google Scholar

Ertl, A., Kolitsch, U., Prowatke, S., Dyar, M.D., and Henry, D.J. (2006) The F-analog of schorl from Grasstein, Trentino–South Tyrol, Italy: crystal structure and chemistry. European Journal of Mineralogy, 18, 583–588.10.1127/0935-1221/2006/0018-0583Search in Google Scholar

Ertl, A., Hughes, J.M., Prowatke, S., Ludwig, T., Brandstätter, F., Körner, W., and Dyar, M.D. (2007) Tetrahedrally-coordinated boron in Li-bearing olenite from “mushroom” tourmaline from Momeik, Myanmar: structure and chemistry. Canadian Mineralogist, 45, 891–899.10.2113/gscanmin.45.4.891Search in Google Scholar

Ertl, A., Tillmanns, E., Ntaflos, T., Francis, C., Giester, G., Körner, W., Hughes, J.M., Lengauer, C., and Prem, M. (2008a) Tetrahedrally coordinated boron in Al-rich tourmaline and its relationship to the pressure-temperature conditions of formation. European Journal of Mineralogy, 20, 881–888.10.1127/0935-1221/2008/0020-1869Search in Google Scholar

Ertl, A., Rossman, G.R., Hughes, J.M., Ma, C., and Brandstätter, F. (2008b) V3+- bearing, Mg-rich, strongly disordered olenite from a graphite deposit near Amstall, Lower Austria: A structural, chemical and spectroscopic investigation. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie Abhandlungen, 184, 243–253.10.1127/0077-7757/2008/0100Search in Google Scholar

Ertl, A., Kolitsch, U., Meyer, H.-P., Ludwig, T., Lengauer, C.L., Nasdala, L., and Tillmanns, E. (2009) Substitution mechanism in tourmalines of the “fluor-elbaite”-rossmanite series from Wolkenburg, Saxony, Germany. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie Abhandlungen, 186, 51–61.10.1127/0077-7757/2009/0136Search in Google Scholar

Ertl, A., Rossman, G.R., Hughes, J.M., London, D., Wang, Y., O’Leary, J.A., Dyar, M.D., Prowatke, S., Ludwig, T., and Tillmanns, E. (2010a) Tourmaline of the elbaite-schorl series from the Himalaya Mine, Mesa Grande, California, U. S.A.: A detailed investigation. American Mineralogist, 95, 24–40.10.2138/am.2010.3271Search in Google Scholar

Ertl, A., Marschall, H.R., Giester, G., Henry, D.J., Schertl, H.-P., Ntaflos, T., Luvizotto, G.L., Nasdala, L., and Tillmanns, E. (2010b) Metamorphic ultra high-pressure tourmalines: Structure, chemistry, and correlations to PT conditions. American Mineralogist, 95, 1–10.10.2138/am.2010.3283Search in Google Scholar

Ertl, A., Mali, H., Schuster, R., Körner, W., Hughes, J.M., Brandstätter, F., and Tillmanns, E. (2010c) Li-bearing, disordered Mg-rich tourmalines from the pegmatite-marble contact from the Austroalpine basement units (Styria, Austria). Mineralogy and Petrology, 99, 89–104.10.1007/s00710-009-0082-1Search in Google Scholar

Ertl, A., Giester, G., Ludwig, T., Meyer, H.P., and Rossman, G.R. (2012a) Synthetic B-rich olenite: Correlations of single-crystal structural data. American Mineralogist, 97, 1591–1597.10.2138/am.2012.4060Search in Google Scholar

Ertl, A., Schuster, R., Hughes, J.M., Ludwig, T., Meyer, H.-P., Finger, F., Dyar, M.D., Ruschel, K., Rossman, G.R., Klötzi, U., and others. (2012b) Li-bearing tourmalines in Variscan granitic pegmatites from the Moldanubian nappes, Lower Austria. European Journal of Mineralogy, 24, 695–715.10.1127/0935-1221/2012/0024-2203Search in Google Scholar

Ertl, A., Kolitsch, U., Dyar, M.D., Hughes, J.M., Rossman, G.R., Pieczka, A., Henry, D.J., Pezzotta, F., Prowatke, S., Lengauer, C.L., and others. (2012c) Limitations of Fe2+- and Mn2+-rich and Mn2+ site occupancy in tourmaline: evidence from Fe2+ tourmaline. American Mineralogist, 97, 1402–1416.10.2138/am.2012.4028Search in Google Scholar

Ertl, A., Giester, G., Schüssler, U., Brätz, H., Okrusch, M., Tillmanns, E., and Bank, H. (2013) Cu- and Mn-bearing tourmalines from Brazil and Mozambique: Crystal structures, chemistry and correlations. Mineralogy and Petrology, 107, 265–279.10.1007/s00710-012-0234-6Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Ertl, A., Baksheev, I.A., Giester, G., Lengauer, C.L., Prokofiev, V.Y., and Zorina, L.D. (2016a) Bosiite, NaFe33+(Al4Mg2(Si6O18(BO33(OH)3O, a new ferric member of the tourmaline supergroup from the Darasun gold deposit, Transbaikalia, Russia. European Journal of Mineralogy, 28, 581–591.10.1127/ejm/2016/0028-2540Search in Google Scholar

Ertl, A., Kolitsch, U., Dyar, M.D., Meyer, H.-P., Henry, D.J., Rossman, G.R., Prem, M., Ludwig, T., Nasdala, L., Lengauer, C.L., and others. (2016b) Fluor-schorl, a new member of the tourmaline supergroup, and new data on schorl from the cotype localities. European Journal of Mineralogy, 28, 163–177.10.1127/ejm/2015/0027-2501Search in Google Scholar

Ertl, A., Henry, D.J., and Tillmanns, E. (2018) Tetrahedral substitutions in tourmaline: a review. European Journal of Mineralogy, 30, 465–470.10.1127/ejm/2018/0030-2732Search in Google Scholar

Fan, D., Xu, J., Kuang, Y., Li, X., Li, Y., and Xie, H. (2015) Compressibility and equation of state of beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18 by using a diamond anvil cell and in situ synchrotron X‑ray diffraction. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 42, 529–539.10.1007/s00269-015-0741-1Search in Google Scholar

Fei, Y., Ricolleau, A., Frank, M., Mibe, K., Shen, G., and Prakapenka, V. (2007) Toward an internally consistent pressure scale. Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences, 104, 9182–9186.10.1073/pnas.0609013104Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Filip, J., Bosi, F., Novák, M., Skogby, H., Tuček, J., Čuda, J., and Wildner, M. (2012) Redox processes of iron in the tourmaline structure: Example of the high-temperature treatment of Fe3+-rich schorl. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 86, 239–256.10.1016/j.gca.2012.02.031Search in Google Scholar

Finger, L.W., Hazen, R.M., Zou, G., Mao, H.K., and Bell, P.M. (1981) Structure and compression of crystalline argon and neon at high pressure and room temperature. Applied Physics Letters, 39, 892–894.10.1063/1.92597Search in Google Scholar

Finkelstein, G.J., Dera, P.K., and Duffy, T.S. (2015) High-pressure phases of cordierite from single-crystal X‑ray diffraction to 15 GPa. American Mineralogist, 100, 1821–1833.10.2138/am-2015-5073Search in Google Scholar

Gatta, G.D., Danisi, R.M., Adamo, I., Meven, M., and Diella, V. (2012) A single-crystal neutron and X‑ray diffraction study of elbaite. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 39, 577–588.10.1007/s00269-012-0513-0Search in Google Scholar

Gonzalez-Platas, J., Alvaro, M., Nestola, F., and Angel, R. (2016) EosFit7-GUI: a new graphical user interface for equation of state calculations, analyses and teaching. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 49, 1377–1382.10.1107/S1600576716008050Search in Google Scholar

Grew, E.S., Bosi, F., Gunter, M., Hålenius, U., Trumbull, R.B., and Yates, M.G. (2018) Fluor-elbaite, lepidolite and Ta-Nb oxides from a pegmatite of the 3000 Ma Sinceni pluton, Swaziland: Evidence for lithium-cesium-tantalum (LCT) pegmatites in the Mesoarchean. European Journal of Mineralogy, 30, 205–218.10.1127/ejm/2017/0029-2686Search in Google Scholar

Grice, J.D., Ercit, T.S., and Hawthorne, F.C. (1993) Povondraite, a redefinition of the tourmaline ferridravite. American Mineralogist, 78, 433–436.Search in Google Scholar

Hazen, R.M., Au, A.Y., and Finger, L.W. (1986) High-pressure crystal chemistry of beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18 and euclase (BeAlSiO4OH). American Mineralogist, 71, 977–984.Search in Google Scholar

Helme, B.G., and King, P.J. (1978) The elastic constants of iron tourmaline (schörl). Journal of Materials Science, 13, 1487–1489.10.1007/BF00553203Search in Google Scholar

Hemingway, B.S., Evans, H.T. Jr., Mazdab, F.K., and Anovitz, L.M. (1996) Thermal expansion of some borate and borosilicate minerals (fluoborite, danburite, sinhalite, datolite, elbaite, dravite, kornerupine, dumortierite, ferro-axinite, and manganaxinite) between 25 and about 1200°C. U.S. Geological Survey, Open File Report 96-100.10.3133/ofr96100Search in Google Scholar

Henry, D.J., and Dutrow, B.L. (1992) Tourmaline in low grade clastic metasedimentary rock: an example of the petrogenetic potential of tourmaline. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 112, 203–218.10.1007/BF00310455Search in Google Scholar

Henry, D.J., and Dutrow, B.L. (1996) Metamorphic tourmaline. In E.S. Grew and L.M. Anovitz, Eds., Boron: mineralogy, petrology and geochemistry in the earth’s crust. Reviews in Mineralogy, 33, 500–555.Search in Google Scholar

Henry, D.J., and Guidotti, C.V. (1985) Tourmaline as a petrogenetic indicator mineral: an example from the staurolite-grade metapelites of NW Maine. American Mineralogist, 70, 1–15.Search in Google Scholar

Henry, D.J., Novák, M., Hawthorne, F.C., Ertl, A., Dutrow, B.L., Uher,P., and Pezzotta, F. (2011) Nomenclature of the tourmaline-supergroup minerals. American Mineralogist, 96, 895–913.10.2138/am.2011.3636Search in Google Scholar

Hughes, J.M., Ertl, A., Dyar, M.D., Grew, E.S., Shearer, C.K., Yates, M.G., and Guidotti, C.V. (2000) Tetrahedrally coordinated boron in a tourmaline: boron-rich olenite from Stoffhütte, Koralpe, Austria. Canadian Mineralogist, 38, 861–868.10.2113/gscanmin.38.4.861Search in Google Scholar

Hughes, K.-A., Hughes, J.M., and Dyar, M.D. (2001) Chemical and structural evidence for [4]B↔[4]Si substitution in natural tourmalines. European Journal of Mineralogy, 13, 743–747.10.1127/0935-1221/2001/0013-0743Search in Google Scholar

Krosse, S. (1995) Hochdrucksynthese, Stabilität und Eigenschaften der Borsilikate Dravit und Kornerupin sowie Darstellung und Stabilitätsverhalten eines neuen Mg–Al-borates. Dr. rer. nat. thesis, Ruhr-Universität Bochum.Search in Google Scholar

Kutzschbach, M., Wunder, B., Rhede, D., Koch-Müller, M., Ertl, A., Giester, G., Heinrich, W., and Franz, G. (2016) Tetrahedral boron in natural and synthetic HP/UHP tourmaline: Evidence from Raman spectroscopy, EMPA, and single-crystal XRD. American Mineralogist, 101, 93–104.10.2138/am-2016-5341Search in Google Scholar

Kutzschbach, M., Wunder, B., Trumbull, R.B., Rocholl, A., Meixner, A., and Heinrich, W. (2017) An experimental approach to quantify the effect of tetrahedral boron in tourmaline on the boron isotope fractionation between tourmaline and fluid. American Mineralogist, 102, 2505–2511.10.2138/am-2017-6127Search in Google Scholar

Larson, A.C., and von Dreele, R.B. (1987) Generalized structure analysis system. Los Alamos National Laboratory Report LAUR 86-748.Search in Google Scholar

Li, H., Qin, S., Zhu, X., Liu, J., Li, X., Wu, X., and Wu, Z. (2004) In situ high-pressure X‑ray diffraction of natural tourmaline. Nuclear Techniques, 27, 919–922. (In Chinese.)Search in Google Scholar

London, D., Ertl, A., Hughes, J.M., Morgan, G.B. VI, Fritz, E.A., and Harms, B.S. (2006) Synthetic Ag-rich tourmaline: structure and chemistry. American Mineralogist, 91, 680–684.10.2138/am.2006.1959Search in Google Scholar

Lussier, A.J., Aguiar, P.M., Michaelis, V.K., Kroeker, S., Herwig, S., Abdu, Y., and Hawthorne, F.C. (2008) Mushroom elbaite from the Kat Chay mine, Momeik, near Mogok, Myanmar: I. Crystal chemistry by SREF, EMPA, MAS NMR and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Mineralogical Magazine, 72, 747–761.10.1180/minmag.2008.072.3.747Search in Google Scholar

Lussier, A.J., Hawthorne, F.C., Abdu, Y., Herwig, S., Michaelis, V.K., Aguiar, P.M., and Kroeker, S. (2011a) The crystal chemistry of “wheatsheaf” tourmaline from Mogok, Myanmar. Mineralogical Magazine, 72, 999–1010.10.1180/minmag.2011.075.1.65Search in Google Scholar

Lussier, A.J., Abdu, Y. Hawthorne, F.C., Michaelis, V.K., Aguiar, P.M., and Kroeker, S. (2011b) Oscillatory zoned liddicoatite from Anjanabonoina, central Madagascar. I. Crystal chemistry and structure by SREF and 11B and 27Al MAS NMR spectroscopy. Canadian Mineralogist, 49, 63–88.10.3749/canmin.49.1.63Search in Google Scholar

Lussier, A., Ball, N.A., Hawthorne, F.C., Henry, D.J., Shimizu, R., Ogasawara, Y., and Ota, T. (2016) Maruyamaite, K(MgAl2(Al5Mg)Si6O18(BO33(OH)3O, a potassium-dominant tourmaline from the ultrahigh-pressure Kokchetav massif, northern Kazakhstan: description and crystal structure. American Mineralogist, 101, 355–361.10.2138/am-2016-5359Search in Google Scholar

Marler, B., Borowski, M., Wodara, U., and Schreyer, W. (2002) Synthetic tourmaline (olenite) with excess boron replacing silicon in the tetrahedral site: II. Structural analysis. European Journal of Mineralogy, 14, 763–771.10.1127/0935-1221/2002/0014-0763Search in Google Scholar

Marschall, H.R., Ertl, A., Hughes, J.M., and McCommon, C. (2004) Metamorphic Na- and OH-rich disordered dravite with tetrahedral boron associated with omphacite, from Syros, Greece: Chemistry and structure. European Journal of Mineralogy, 16, 817–823.10.1127/0935-1221/2004/0016-0817Search in Google Scholar

Marschall, H.R., Korsakov, A.V., Luvizotto, G.L., Nasdala, L., and Ludwig, T. (2009) On the occurrence and boron isotopic composition of tourmaline in (ultra)high-pressure metamorphic rocks. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 166, 811–823.10.1144/0016-76492008-042Search in Google Scholar

Novák, M., Ertl, A., Povondra, P., Galiová, M.V., Rossman, G.R., Pristacz, H., Prem, M., Giester, G., Gadas, P., and Škoda, R. (2013) Darrellhenryite, Na(LiAl2 Al6(BO33Si6O18(OH)3O, a new mineral from the tourmaline supergroup. American Mineralogist, 98, 1886–1892.10.2138/am.2013.4416Search in Google Scholar

O’Bannon, E. III and Williams, Q. (2016) Beryl-II, a high-pressure phase of beryl: Raman and luminescence spectroscopy to 16.4 GPa. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 43, 671–687.10.1007/s00269-016-0837-2Search in Google Scholar

O’Bannon, E. III, Beavers, C.M., Kunz, M., and Williams, Q. (2018) High-pressure study of dravite tourmaline: Insights into the accommodating nature of the tourmaline structure. American Mineralogist, 103, 1622–1633.10.2138/am-2018-6486Search in Google Scholar

Ogorodova, L.P., Melchakova, L.V., Kiseleva, I.A., and Peretyazhko, I.S. (2004) Thermodynamics of natural tourmaline-elbaite. Thermochimica Acta, 419, 211–214.10.1016/j.tca.2003.12.019Search in Google Scholar

Ota, T., Kobayashi, K., Katsura, T., and Nakamura, E. (2008) Tourmaline breakdown in a pelitic system: implications for boron cycling through subduction zones. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 155, 19–32.10.1007/s00410-007-0228-2Search in Google Scholar

Pandey, C.S., and Schreuer, J. (2012) Elastic and piezoelectric constants of tourmaline single crystals at non-ambient temperatures determined by resonant ultrasound spectroscopy. Journal of Applied Physics, 111, 013516.10.1063/1.3673820Search in Google Scholar

Plonka, A., Dera, P., Irmen, P., Rivers, M.L., Ehm, L., and Parise, J.B. (2012) b-diopside, a new ultrahigh-pressure polymorph of CaMgSi2O6 with six-coordinated silicon. Geophysical Research Letters, 39, L24307.Search in Google Scholar

Prencipe, M., Scanavino, I., Nestola, F., Merlini, M., Civalleri, B., Bruno, M., and Dovesi, R. (2011) High-pressure thermo-elastic properties of beryl (Al4Be6Si12O36 from ab initio calculations, and observations about the source of thermal expansion. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 38, 223–239.10.1007/s00269-010-0398-8Search in Google Scholar

Reznitskii, L., Clark, C.M., Hawthorne, F.C., Grice, J.D., Skogby, H., Hålenius, U., and Bosi, F. (2014) Chromo-alumino-povondraite, NaCr3(Al4Mg2(Si6O18 (BO33(OH)3O, a new mineral species of the tourmaline supergroup. American Mineralogist, 99, 1767–1773.10.2138/am.2014.4787Search in Google Scholar

Rivers, M., Prakapenka, V.B., Kubo, A., Pullins, C., Holl, C.M., and Jacobsen, S.D. (2008) The COMPRES/GSECARS gas-loading system for diamond anvil cells at the Advanced Photon Source. High Pressure Research, 28, 273–292.10.1080/08957950802333593Search in Google Scholar

Schreyer, W., Wodara, U., Marler, B., van Aken, P., Seifert, F., and Robert, J.-L. (2000) Synthetic tourmaline (olenite) with excess boron replacing silicon on the tetrahedral site: I. Synthesis conditions, chemical and spectroscopic evidence. European Journal of Mineralogy, 12, 529–541.10.1127/0935-1221/2000/0012-0529Search in Google Scholar

Schreyer, W., Hughes, J.M., Bernhardt, H.-J., Kalt, A., Prowatke, S., and Ertl, A. (2002) Reexamination of olenite from the type locality: Detection of boron in tetrahedral coordination. European Journal of Mineralogy, 14, 935–942.10.1127/0935-1221/2002/0014-0935Search in Google Scholar

Setkova, T.V., Shapovalov, Y.B., and Balitskii, V.S. (2009) Experimental growth and structural-morphological characteristics of Co-tourmaline. Doklady Earth Sciences, 424, 82–85.10.1134/S1028334X09010176Search in Google Scholar

Setkova, T.V., Balitsky, V.S., Vereschagin, O.S., and Shapovalov, Y.B. (2017) Hydrothermal synthesis and morphology of Ga-bearing tourmaline. Doklady Earth Sciences, 473, 419–422.10.1134/S1028334X17040055Search in Google Scholar

Shimizu, R., and Ogasawara, Y. (2005) Discovery of K-tourmaline in diamond-bearing quartz-rich rock from the Kokchetav Massif, Kazakhstan. Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft, 150, 141.Search in Google Scholar

Singh, A.K., and Kenichi, T. (2001) Measurement and analysis of nonhydrostatic lattice strain component in niobium to 145 GPa under various fluid pressure-transmitting media. Journal of Applied Physics, 90, 3269–3275.10.1063/1.1397283Search in Google Scholar

Tagg, S.L., Cho, H., Dyar, M.D., and Grew, E. S. (1999) Tetrahedral boron in naturally occurring tourmaline. American Mineralogist, 84, 1451–1455.10.2138/am-1999-0925Search in Google Scholar

Tatli, A., and Özkan, H. (1987) Variation of the elastic constants of tourmaline with chemical composition. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 14, 172–176.10.1007/BF00308221Search in Google Scholar

Tsuchiya, T., and Kawamura, K. (2002) Ab initio study of pressure effect on elastic properties of crystalline Au. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 116, 2121–2124.10.1063/1.1429643Search in Google Scholar

van Hinsberg, V.J., and Schumacher, J.C. (2007) Using estimated thermodynamic properties to model accessory phases: the case of tourmaline. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 25, 769–779.10.1111/j.1525-1314.2007.00728.xSearch in Google Scholar

van Hinsberg, V.J., Henry, D.J., and Marschall, H.R. (2011) Tourmaline: an ideal indicator of its host environment. Canadian Mineralogist, 49, 1–16.10.3749/canmin.49.1.1Search in Google Scholar

von Goerne, G., Franz, G., and van Hinsberg, V.J. (2011) Experimental determination of Na-Ca distribution between tourmaline and fluid in the system CaO-Na2O-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-B2O3-H2O. Canadian Mineralogist, 49, 137–152.10.3749/canmin.49.1.137Search in Google Scholar

Welch, M.D., Cámara, F., Della Ventura, G., and Iezzi, G. (2007) Non-ambient in situ studies of amphiboles. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 67, 223–260.10.1515/9781501508523-007Search in Google Scholar

Wunder, B., Berryman, E., Plessen, B., Rhede, D., Koch-Müller, M., and Heinrich, W. (2015) Synthetic and natural ammonium-bearing tourmaline. American Mineralogist, 100, 250–256.10.2138/am-2015-5055Search in Google Scholar

Xia, X., Weidner, D.J., and Zhao, H. (1998) Equation of state of brucite: single-crystal Brillouin spectroscopy study and polycrystalline pressure-volume-temperature measurement. American Mineralogist, 83, 68–74.10.2138/am-1998-1-207Search in Google Scholar

Xu, J., Kuang, Y., Zhang, B., Liu, Y., Fan, D., Li, X., and Xie, H. (2016) Thermal equation of state of natural tourmaline at high pressure and temperature. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 43, 315–326.10.1007/s00269-015-0796-zSearch in Google Scholar

Xu, J., Zhang, D., Fan, D., Dera, P., Shi, F., and Zhou, W. (2019) Thermoelastic properties of eclogitic garnets and omphacites: implications for deep subduction of oceanic crust and density anomalies in the upper mantle. Geophysical Research Letters, 46, 179−188. DOI:10.1029/2018GL081170.10.1029/2018GL081170Search in Google Scholar

Yong, T., Dera, P., and Zhang, D. (2018) Single-crystal X‑ray diffraction of grunerite up to 25.6 GPa: a high-pressure clinoamphibole polymorph. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 46, 215–227. DOI:10.1007/s00269-018-0999-1.10.1007/s00269-018-0999-1Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, L. (1998) Single crystal hydrostatic compression of (Mg, Mn, Fe, Co)2SiO4 olivines. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 25, 308–312.10.1007/s002690050119Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, L., Ahsbahs, H., Kutoglu, A., and Geiger, C.A. (1999) Single-crystal hydrostatic compression of synthetic pyrope, almandine, spessartine, grossular and andradite garnets at high pressures. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 27, 52–58.10.1007/s002690050240Search in Google Scholar

Received: 2019-01-17
Accepted: 2019-04-07
Published Online: 2019-06-20
Published in Print: 2019-07-26

© 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Fate of cobalt and nickel in mackinawite during diagenetic pyrite formation
  2. Influence of aluminum on the elasticity of majorite-pyrope garnets
  3. The quench control of water estimates in convergent margin magmas
  4. Textural and chemical variations of micas as indicators for tungsten mineralization: Evidence from highly evolved granites in the Dahutang tungsten deposit, South China
  5. A topological model for defects and interfaces in complex crystal structures
  6. Phoxite, (NH4)2Mg2(C2O4)(PO3OH)2(H2O)4, the first phosphate-oxalate mineral
  7. Crystallographic and textural evidence for precipitation of rutile, ilmenite, corundum, and apatite lamellae from garnet
  8. A low-aluminum clinopyroxene-liquid geothermometer for high-silica magmatic systems
  9. Compressibility of synthetic Mg-Al tourmalines to 60 GPa
  10. The single-crystal elastic properties of the jadeite-diopside solid solution and their implications for the composition-dependent seismic properties of eclogite
  11. Elasticity of single-crystal low water content hydrous pyrope at high-pressure and high-temperature conditions
  12. Determination of the oxidation state of iron in Mid-Ocean Ridge basalt glasses by Raman spectroscopy
  13. Lepageite, Mn32+Fe73+Fe42+O3Sb53+As83+O34,a new arsenite-antimonite mineral from the Szklary pegmatite, Lower Silesia, Poland
  14. High-temperature structural change and microtexture formation of sillimanite and its phase relation with mullite
  15. Memorial of Paul Brian Moore 1940–2019
https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2019-6967
Keywords for this article
Tourmaline; synthetic; single-crystal X‑ray diffraction; equation of state; diamond-anvil cell

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Fate of cobalt and nickel in mackinawite during diagenetic pyrite formation
  2. Influence of aluminum on the elasticity of majorite-pyrope garnets
  3. The quench control of water estimates in convergent margin magmas
  4. Textural and chemical variations of micas as indicators for tungsten mineralization: Evidence from highly evolved granites in the Dahutang tungsten deposit, South China
  5. A topological model for defects and interfaces in complex crystal structures
  6. Phoxite, (NH4)2Mg2(C2O4)(PO3OH)2(H2O)4, the first phosphate-oxalate mineral
  7. Crystallographic and textural evidence for precipitation of rutile, ilmenite, corundum, and apatite lamellae from garnet
  8. A low-aluminum clinopyroxene-liquid geothermometer for high-silica magmatic systems
  9. Compressibility of synthetic Mg-Al tourmalines to 60 GPa
  10. The single-crystal elastic properties of the jadeite-diopside solid solution and their implications for the composition-dependent seismic properties of eclogite
  11. Elasticity of single-crystal low water content hydrous pyrope at high-pressure and high-temperature conditions
  12. Determination of the oxidation state of iron in Mid-Ocean Ridge basalt glasses by Raman spectroscopy
  13. Lepageite, Mn32+Fe73+Fe42+O3Sb53+As83+O34,a new arsenite-antimonite mineral from the Szklary pegmatite, Lower Silesia, Poland
  14. High-temperature structural change and microtexture formation of sillimanite and its phase relation with mullite
  15. Memorial of Paul Brian Moore 1940–2019
Downloaded on 25.4.2026 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.2138/am-2019-6967/html?lang=en
Scroll to top button