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High-pressure study of dravite tourmaline: Insights into the accommodating nature of the tourmaline structure

  • Earl O’Bannon EMAIL logo , Christine M. Beavers , Martin Kunz and Quentin Williams
Published/Copyright: September 28, 2018
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American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 103 Issue 10

Abstract

The high-pressure behavior of dravite tourmaline [Na(Mg3)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)] has been studied using luminescence spectroscopy and synchrotron-based single-crystal diffraction up to ~65 and ~24 GPa, respectively. Two emission bands associated with Cr3+/V2+ substitution are constant in energy up to ~9.0 GPa, and they shift to longer wavelength at higher pressures, suggesting that a change in compressional mechanism could occur at this pressure. Single-crystal diffraction data show subtle changes in ring ditrigonality occur near 9.0 GPa, which could cause the observed change in luminescence. Near 15 GPa, a splitting of one of the emission bands is observed, suggesting that a phase transition occurs at this pressure and that two unique octahedral sites are present in the high-pressure phase. Hysteresis is not observed on decompression, which indicates that this is a second-order transition, and the high-pressure structure appears to be metastable up to ~65 GPa. Single-crystal diffraction measurements show that a phase transition from rhombohedral R3m to rhombohedral R3 occurs at pressures near 15.4 GPa. The high-pressure phase is characterized by a distorted Si6O18 ring (e.g., the Si-Si-Si angles deviate from 120°), and the Si, Al, O6, O7, and O8 sites of the low-pressure phase split, implying that the high-pressure phase of tourmaline is a higher entropy phase. The large X-site exerts the primary control on compressibility, and the substitution of larger cations into this site will likely lower the pressure at which this transition occurs. Dravite tourmaline shows anisotropic compression with the c-axis being more compressible than the a-axis. The pressure and volume data up to ~15.4 GPa were fit with second- and third-order Birch-Murnaghan equations of state. We obtain a bulk modulus, K0 = 109.6(3.2) GPa, and a pressure derivative, K0′ = 4.6(8) GPa, and with the pressure derivative set to 4, a bulk modulus of 112.0(1.0) GPa is derived. Moreover, our high-pressure results show that massive overbonding of the X and Y sites can be accommodated by the tourmaline structure. This unexpected result may explain the extraordinary structural tolerance with respect to chemical substitution on the X, Y, and Z sites.

Keywords: Dravite; high-pressure; single-crystal diffraction; luminescence; phase transitions

Acknowledgments

We thank an anonymous reviewer and the technical editor for helpful comments, and O. Tschauner for the handling of our manuscript. We also thank Simon Teat (ALS) and Nico Giordano (CSEC, U. Edinburgh) for assistance with data collection on Beamline 11.3.1 at the ALS and helpful discussions. We also thank Rob Franks for help with LA-ICPMS measurements and Dan Sampson for invaluable technical assistance with the Raman spectrometer. E. O’Bannon thanks Bruce Baer for helpful discussions. A portion of this work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. Work partially supported by NSF through EAR-1620423 and COMPRES under NSF Cooperative Agreement EAR-1606856. This research used resources of the Advanced Light Source, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231.

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Received: 2018-01-29
Accepted: 2018-06-05
Published Online: 2018-09-28
Published in Print: 2018-10-25

© 2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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  2. A closer look at shocked meteorites: Discovery of new high-pressure minerals
  3. In-situ dating of metamorphism in Adirondack anorthosite
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  5. Tectonic controls on Ni and Cu contents of primary mantle-derived magmas for the formation of magmatic sulfide deposits
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  10. Micro- and nano-scale study of deformation induced mineral transformations in Mg-phyllosilicate-rich fault gouges from the Galera Fault Zone (Betic Cordillera, SE Spain)
  11. High-pressure study of dravite tourmaline: Insights into the accommodating nature of the tourmaline structure
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  13. Comparison of Rietveld-compatible structureless fitting analysis methods for accurate quantification of carbon dioxide fixation in ultramafic mine tailings
  14. Polyphase solid-inclusions formed by interactions between infiltrating fluids and precursor minerals enclosed in garnet of UHP rocks from the Dabie Shan, China
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  20. New Mineral Names
https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2018-6486
Keywords for this article
Dravite; high-pressure; single-crystal diffraction; luminescence; phase transitions

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  2. A closer look at shocked meteorites: Discovery of new high-pressure minerals
  3. In-situ dating of metamorphism in Adirondack anorthosite
  4. A new style of rare metal granite with Nb-rich mica: The Early Cretaceous Huangshan rare-metal granite suite, northeast Jiangxi Province, southeast China
  5. Tectonic controls on Ni and Cu contents of primary mantle-derived magmas for the formation of magmatic sulfide deposits
  6. The high-pressure anisotropic thermoelastic properties of a potential inner core carbon-bearing phase, Fe7C3, by single-crystal X-ray diffraction
  7. Eruption triggering by partial crystallization of mafic enclaves at Chaos Crags, Lassen Volcanic Center, California
  8. Sn-isotope fractionation as a record of hydrothermal redox reactions
  9. Surface energy of fayalite and its effect on Fe-Si-O oxygen buffers and the olivine-spinel transition
  10. Micro- and nano-scale study of deformation induced mineral transformations in Mg-phyllosilicate-rich fault gouges from the Galera Fault Zone (Betic Cordillera, SE Spain)
  11. High-pressure study of dravite tourmaline: Insights into the accommodating nature of the tourmaline structure
  12. Positively oriented trigons on diamonds from the Snap Lake kimberlite dike, Canada: Implications for fluids and kimberlite cooling rates
  13. Comparison of Rietveld-compatible structureless fitting analysis methods for accurate quantification of carbon dioxide fixation in ultramafic mine tailings
  14. Polyphase solid-inclusions formed by interactions between infiltrating fluids and precursor minerals enclosed in garnet of UHP rocks from the Dabie Shan, China
  15. Changes in physical properties of 4C pyrrhotite (Fe7S8) across the 32 K Besnus transition
  16. A rapid and precise quantitative electron probe chemical mapping technique and its application to an ultrahigh-pressure eclogite from the Moldanubian Zone of the Bohemian Massif (Nové Dvory, Czech Republic)
  17. Stracherite, BaCa6(SiO4)2[(PO4)(CO3)]F, the first CO3-bearing intercalated hexagonal antiperovskite from Negev Desert, Israel
  18. Letter
  19. Fe-Ni ideality during core formation on Earth
  20. New Mineral Names
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