Partial melting of ultramafic granulites from Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica: Constraints from melt inclusions and thermodynamic modeling
Abstract
In the Pan-African belt of the Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, crystallized melt inclusions (nano-granitoids) occur in garnet from ultramafic granulites. The granulites contain the peak assemblage pargasite+garnet+clinopyroxene with rare relict orthopyroxene and biotite, and retrograde symplectites at contacts between garnet and amphibole. Garnet contains two generations of melt inclusions. Type 1 inclusions, interpreted as primary, are isolated, <10 μm in size, and generally have negative crystal shapes. They contain kokchetavite, kumdykolite, and phlogopite, with quartz and zoisite as minor phases, and undevitrified glass was identified in one inclusion. Type 2 inclusions are <30 μm in size, secondary, and contain amphibole, feldspars, and zoisite. Type 2 inclusions appear to be the crystallization products of a melt that coexisted with an immiscible CO2-rich fluid.
The nanogranitoids were re-homogenized after heating in a piston-cylinder in a series of four experiments to investigate their composition. The conditions ranged between 900 and 950 °C at 1.5–2.4 GPa. Type 1 inclusions are trachytic and ultrapotassic, whereas type 2 melts are dacitic to rhyolitic. Thermodynamic modeling of the ultramafic composition in the MnNCKFMASHTO system shows that anatexis occurred at the end of the prograde P-T path, between the solidus (at ca. 860 °C–1.4 GPa) and the peak conditions (at ca. 960 °C–1.7 GPa). The model melt composition is felsic and similar to that of type 1 inclusions, particularly when the melting degree is low (<1 mol%), close to the solidus. However the modeling fails to reproduce the highly potassic signature of the melt and its low H2O content. The combination of petrology, melt inclusion study, and thermodynamic modeling supports the interpretation that melt was produced by anatexis of the ultramafic boudins near peak P-T conditions, and that type 1 inclusions contain the anatectic melt that was present during garnet growth. The felsic, ultrapotassic composition of the primary anatectic melts is compatible with low melting degrees in the presence of biotite and amphibole as reactants.
Acknowledgments
The research was realized with the financial support by Programma Nazionale Ricerche in Antartide (PNRA; PdR 13/B2.07), the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Projects FE 1527/2-1 and FE 1527/2-2). The TF4 rock sample investigated in this study was selected from the collection available at the PNRA rock repository located at the Museo Nazionale dell’Antartide (Siena, Italy). F. Talarico collected the sample during the 1995–96 GeoMaud Antarctic expedition, with the logistic support of the Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR, Hannover, Germany). We are also grateful to M. Ziemann, C. Günther, and P. Czaja for the assistance during analytical sessions. We thank A. Peccerillo for petrogenetic advice, and T. Johnson and T. Rushmer for their detailed reviews that improved the quality of the paper, and A. Acosta-Vigil for his careful editorial handling.
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