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New petrological, geochemical, and geochronological perspectives on andesite-dacite magma genesis at Ruapehu volcano, New Zealand

  • Chris E. Conway EMAIL logo , John A. Gamble , Colin J.N. Wilson , Graham S. Leonard , Dougal B. Townsend and Andrew T. Calvert
Published/Copyright: March 31, 2018
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American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 103 Issue 4

Abstract

Time–composition relationships in eruptive sequences at composite volcanoes can show how the ongoing intrusion of magmas progressively affects the lithosphere at continental convergent margins. Here, new whole-rock and microanalytical major and trace element data from andesite-dacite lava flows are integrated with previous studies and existing isotopic data, and placed within the framework of a high-resolution chronostratigraphy for Ruapehu volcano (southern Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand). The geochemical evolution of lavas erupted over the ~200 kyr lifetime of the exposed edifice reflects variable degrees of fractionation and systematic changes in the type of crustal assimilation in the Ruapehu magma system. Lavas erupted from ~200–150 ka have previously been distinguished from those erupted <150 ka based on Sr-Nd isotopic characteristics, which indicate that the oldest lavas were sourced from magmas that assimilated oceanic crust. Such source rocks underlie the regionally widespread Mesozoic meta-sedimentary greywacke-argillite basement, which was conversely assimilated by <150 ka magmas. New results from this work reveal that since 150 ka, an upper limit of magma differentiation occurred from ~50–35 ka. High K2O (~6 wt%) and Rb contents (~270 ppm) in melt inclusions, interstitial glass, and glass from in situ quenched melts of partially fused crustal xenoliths are reported for andesite-dacite lavas erupted during this period. In addition to crystal fractionation, selective partial melting and assimilation of K- and Rb-rich mineral phases (e.g., biotite, K-feldspar) that are significant components of the meta-sedimentary basement rocks is inferred to explain these geochemical characteristics. These processes coincided also with the effusion of high-MgO andesite-dacite lavas that display petrological evidence for mixing between andesite-dacite and more mafic magmas. An influx of hotter mafic magma into the system explains why the extent of crustal assimilation recorded by Ruapehu lavas peaked during the ~50–35 ka eruptive period. From 26 ka to the present, andesite lavas have reverted to more mafic compositions with less potassic melt inclusion and whole-rock compositions when compared to the ~50–35 ka lavas. We suggest that the younger lavas assimilated less-enriched melts because fertile phases had been preferentially extracted from the crustal column during earlier magmatism. This scenario of bottom-up heating of the lithosphere and exhaustion of fertile phases due to the progressive intrusion of magma explains the geochemical evolution of Ruapehu lavas. This model may be applicable to other long-lived composite volcanoes of the circum-Pacific continental arcs.

Keywords: Ruapehu; andesite; dacite; petrogenesis; arc magma; crustal contamination; high-Mg andesite; Dynamics of Magmatic Processes

†Special collection papers can be found online at http://www.minsocam.org/MSA/AmMin/special-collections.html.

Acknowledgments

This work was part-funded by Department of Conservation contract DOCDM-593774. C.E.C. was supported by Victoria University of Wellington DVC Research Grant 13311 and a postdoctoral research fellowship from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS P16788). Field and laboratory support was provided by James Brigham-Watson, Jason Marshall, and Kirsten Henden. The late John Watson of the Open University, U.K., carried out the XRF analyses. Assistance with other analyses was provided by Ian Schipper (EPMA), Simon Barker, Monica Handler (ICPMS), and Dan Sinclair (LA-ICPMS). We extend our thanks to Maurizio Petrelli for the editorial handling, and to two anonymous reviewers. Michelle Coombs and Judy Fierstein provided helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

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Received: 2017-5-26
Accepted: 2017-12-18
Published Online: 2018-3-31
Published in Print: 2018-4-25

© 2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  2. A Mössbauer-based XANES calibration for hydrous basalt glasses reveals radiation-induced oxidation of Fe
  4. Craters of the Moon National Monument basalts as unshocked compositional and weathering analogs for martian rocks and meteorites
  6. Characterizing the source of potentially asbestos-bearing commercial vermiculite insulation using in situ IR spectroscopy
  8. Nanocrystalline apatites: The fundamental role of water
  10. New petrological, geochemical, and geochronological perspectives on andesite-dacite magma genesis at Ruapehu volcano, New Zealand
  12. Combined Fe-Mg chemical and isotopic zoning in olivine constraining magma mixing-to-eruption timescales for the continental arc volcano Irazú (Costa Rica) and Cr diffusion in olivine
  14. Feldspar Raman shift and application as a magmatic thermobarometer
  16. Partial melting of ultramafic granulites from Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica: Constraints from melt inclusions and thermodynamic modeling
  18. Cesium adsorption isotherm on swelling high-charged micas from aqueous solutions: Effect of temperature
  20. Ni-serpentine nanoflakes in the garnierite ore from Campello Monti (Strona Valley, Italy): Népouite with some pecoraite outlines and the processing of Ni-containing ore bodies
  22. Presentation of the 2017 Roebling Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America to Edward Stolper
  24. Acceptance of the 2017 Roebling Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America
  26. Presentation of the Mineralogical Society of America Award for 2017 to Dustin Trail
  28. Acceptance of the Mineralogical Society of America Award for 2017
  30. Presentation of the Dana Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America for 2017 to Thomas W. Sisson
  32. Acceptance of the Dana Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America for 2017
  34. Presentation of the Distinguished Public Service Award of the Mineralogical Society of America for 2017 to David W. Mogk
  36. Acceptance of the Distinguished Public Service Award of the Mineralogical Society of America for 2017
  38. New Mineral Names
  39. Book Review
  40. Book Review: Global Volcanic Hazards and Risk
https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2018-6199
Keywords for this article
Ruapehu; andesite; dacite; petrogenesis; arc magma; crustal contamination; high-Mg andesite; Dynamics of Magmatic Processes

Articles in the same Issue

  2. A Mössbauer-based XANES calibration for hydrous basalt glasses reveals radiation-induced oxidation of Fe
  4. Craters of the Moon National Monument basalts as unshocked compositional and weathering analogs for martian rocks and meteorites
  6. Characterizing the source of potentially asbestos-bearing commercial vermiculite insulation using in situ IR spectroscopy
  8. Nanocrystalline apatites: The fundamental role of water
  10. New petrological, geochemical, and geochronological perspectives on andesite-dacite magma genesis at Ruapehu volcano, New Zealand
  12. Combined Fe-Mg chemical and isotopic zoning in olivine constraining magma mixing-to-eruption timescales for the continental arc volcano Irazú (Costa Rica) and Cr diffusion in olivine
  14. Feldspar Raman shift and application as a magmatic thermobarometer
  16. Partial melting of ultramafic granulites from Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica: Constraints from melt inclusions and thermodynamic modeling
  18. Cesium adsorption isotherm on swelling high-charged micas from aqueous solutions: Effect of temperature
  20. Ni-serpentine nanoflakes in the garnierite ore from Campello Monti (Strona Valley, Italy): Népouite with some pecoraite outlines and the processing of Ni-containing ore bodies
  22. Presentation of the 2017 Roebling Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America to Edward Stolper
  24. Acceptance of the 2017 Roebling Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America
  26. Presentation of the Mineralogical Society of America Award for 2017 to Dustin Trail
  28. Acceptance of the Mineralogical Society of America Award for 2017
  30. Presentation of the Dana Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America for 2017 to Thomas W. Sisson
  32. Acceptance of the Dana Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America for 2017
  34. Presentation of the Distinguished Public Service Award of the Mineralogical Society of America for 2017 to David W. Mogk
  36. Acceptance of the Distinguished Public Service Award of the Mineralogical Society of America for 2017
  38. New Mineral Names
  39. Book Review
  40. Book Review: Global Volcanic Hazards and Risk
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