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Anisotropic growth of olivine during crystallization in basalts from Hawaii: Implications for olivine fabric development

  • Da-Peng Wen , Yong-Feng Wang EMAIL logo , Jun-Feng Zhang and Zhen-Min Jin
Published/Copyright: April 30, 2018
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American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 103 Issue 5

Abstract

Olivine fabrics are crucial for deciphering anisotropy of many physical properties in the upper mantle, such as seismic velocity and thermal diffusivity. Under circumstances where crystallized mantle rocks do not suffer strong modification from later deformation, olivine fabrics can reflect the results of anisotropic crystal growth and viscous magmatic flow. Currently little is known about the crystallization habits of olivine in nature. Here we report crystallization habits of olivine phenocrysts in two Hawaiian tholeiitic basalts. The low Mg numbers (=Mg/[Mg+Fetotal] × 100 atomic ratios; <88.1) of olivine grains suggest that they are crystallized products from the host magma rather than captured ones from peridotite xenoliths. Many olivine grains have non-equidimensional euhedral crystal shapes due to anisotropic crystal growth rates. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analyses show that of the 115 analyzed olivine grains, 84 grains are oriented with their long axes parallel to the [001] axis, while 24 and 7 grains have their long axes parallel to the [100] axis and the [010] axis, respectively. This growth habit is different from that reported for olivine grown at subsolidus conditions without fluid/melt. Our results imply that olivine will most likely form the AG-type fabric (i.e., a point maximum of the [010] axis normal to the foliation plane, and a girdle distribution of the [100] and the [001] axis in the foliation plane) during crystallization from magma chambers undergoing compaction, and the B-type fabric (i.e., a point maximum of the [010] and the [001] axis normal to the foliation plane and parallel to the lineation, respectively) during pure or simple shear mode magmatic flow, provided that no or weak later plastic deformation is superimposed upon these magmatic fabrics. The AG-type and the B-type olivine fabrics in natural cumulates can be interpreted as results of anisotropic growth of olivine and viscous magmatic flow. Anisotropic olivine growth is expected to strongly affect the fabric development in the upper mantle portion where there is extensive partial melting (e.g., the mantle wedge above subduction zones or the upper mantle beneath the middle ocean ridges) or reactive melt percolation leading to crystallization of olivine at the consumption of pyroxene.

Keywords: Olivine fabric; crystallographic preferred orientation; anisotropic growth; cumulate

Acknowledgments

D. Wen thanks Liang Yuan for help during preparation of thin sections. We are also grateful to Yi Chen for help with the electron microprobe analyses and to Shan-Rong Zhao for helpful discussion. Two anonymous reviewers and the editors, Julia Hammer and Keith Putirka, are greatly thanked for constructive and insightful reviews. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant numbers 41372224, 41590623).

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Received: 2017-4-28
Accepted: 2018-1-29
Published Online: 2018-4-30
Published in Print: 2018-5-25

© 2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2018-6174
Keywords for this article
Olivine fabric; crystallographic preferred orientation; anisotropic growth; cumulate

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Review
  2. Biosilica as a source for inspiration in biological materials science
  4. Ab initio study of water speciation in forsterite: Importance of the entropic effect
  6. Surface-modified phillipsite-rich tuff from the Campania region (southern Italy) as a promising drug carrier: An ibuprofen sodium salt trial
  8. Structure of low-order hemimorphite produced in a Zn-rich environment by cyanobacterium Leptolingbya frigida
  10. Formation of dolomite catalyzed by sulfate-driven anaerobic oxidation of methane: Mineralogical and geochemical evidence from the northern South China Sea
  12. Anisotropic growth of olivine during crystallization in basalts from Hawaii: Implications for olivine fabric development
  14. Melting experiments on Fe–Si–S alloys to core pressures: Silicon in the core?
  16. High-pressure phase behavior and equations of state of ThO2 polymorphs
  18. Mafic inputs into the rhyolitic magmatic system of the 2.08 Ma Huckleberry Ridge eruption, Yellowstone
  20. Toward the wider application of 29Si NMR spectroscopy to paramagnetic transition metal silicate minerals and glasses: Fe(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) silicates
  22. Equations of state and phase boundary for stishovite and CaCl2-type SiO2
  24. Insight on gem opal formation in volcanic ash deposits from a supereruption: A case study through oxygen and hydrogen isotopic composition of opals from Lake Tecopa, California, U.S.A
  26. Revisiting the crystal structure of dickite: X-ray diffraction, solid-state NMR, and DFT calculations study
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  32. New Mineral Names
  33. Book Review
  34. Book Review: Glaciovolcanism on Earth and Mars: Products, Processes and Paleoenvironmental Significance
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