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Quantification of CO2 concentration in apatite

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Published/Copyright: October 29, 2016
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American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 101 Issue 11

Abstract

We have calibrated the infrared (IR) method for determining CO2 concentrations in apatite with absolute concentrations obtained through nuclear reaction analysis (NRA). IR data were obtained on double-polished apatite wafers using polarized transmission IR spectroscopy. Due to the various sites and orientations of CO2-3 in apatite, the IR spectra are complicated and do not have the same shape in different apatite samples. Hence, simple peak heights are not used to characterize CO2 concentrations in apatite. The total absorbance (Atotal) was derived using the integrated area under the curves in a given polarized spectral region. Then Atot!ll is calculated as AE//c + 2AE±c. The calibration has been carried out for two wavenumber regions, one with high sensitivity and the other applicable to apatite with high CO2 concentrations. The first calibration is for the fundamental asymmetric CO32− stretching at wavenumbers of 1600-1300 cm-1, and the CO2 concentration in parts per million can be obtained as (0.0756 ± 0.0036) Atotal/d where d is sample thickness in centimeters. The fundamental stretching bands are strong and hence sensitive for measuring low CO2 concentrations in apatite, down to parts per million level. The second calibration is for the CO32− bands at wavenumbers of2650-2350 cm-1, and the CO2 concentration in parts per million is (9.3 ± 0.6) Atotal/d where d is sample thickness in centimeters. These bands are weak and hence are useful for measuring high CO2 concentrations in apatite without preparation of super-thin wafers. The anisotropy is significant. The difference between AE//c and AE±c can reach a factor of 2.73. Hence, for high accuracy, it is best to use polarized IR to determine CO2 concentrations in apatite. For rough estimation, unpolarized IR spectra may be used by estimating Atotal = 3Aunpol, where Aunpol is the integrated absorbance from unpolarized spectra.

Keywords: Carbonate in apatite; IR spectroscopy; nuclear reaction analysis; NRA

Acknowledgments

We are grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their insightful and constructive reviews, to Brent Hyde of Royal Ontario Museum for providing the high-carbonate apatite (Museum No. M14821; named ROM in this study) from Faraday Township, Ontario, for this study, to Zhengjiu Xu of the University of Michigan for electron microprobe analyses of apatite, and to Chris Hall of the University of Michigan for carrying out the constrained linear fitting using the York algorithm. This research is partially supported by NASA (NNX15AH37G) and NSF (EAR-1524473). Electron microprobe work is carried out on a Cameca SX100 instrument at Electron Microbeam Analysis Laboratory of the University of Michigan, which is supported by NSF grant EAR-9911352.

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Received: 2015-12-22
Accepted: 2016-6-27
Published Online: 2016-10-29
Published in Print: 2016-11-1

© 2016 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2016-5661
Keywords for this article
Carbonate in apatite; IR spectroscopy; nuclear reaction analysis; NRA

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  2. Melts, mush, and more: Evidence for the state of intermediate-to-silicic arc magmatic systems
  3. Investigating petrologic indicators of magmatic processes in volcanic rocks
  4. Nucleation rates of spherulites in natural rhyolitic lava
  5. Review
  6. Silicic magma reservoirs in the Earth’s crust
  7. Special Collection: New Advances in Subduction Zone Magma Genesis
  8. Petrogenesis of antecryst-bearing arc basalts from the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt: Insights into along-arc variations in magma-mush ponding depths, H2O contents, and surface heat flux
  9. Special Collection: Apatite: A Common Mineral, Uncommonly Versatile
  10. Wayneburnhamite, Pb9Ca6(Si2O7)3(SiO4)3, an apatite polysome: The Mn-free analog of ganomalite from Crestmore, California
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  12. U-Pb LA-ICP-MS dating of apatite in mafic rocks: Evidence for a major magmatic event at the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary in the Armorican Massif (France)
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