Startseite Experimental simulation of bubble nucleation and magma ascent in basaltic systems: Implications for Stromboli volcano
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Experimental simulation of bubble nucleation and magma ascent in basaltic systems: Implications for Stromboli volcano

  • Nolwenn Le Gall EMAIL logo und Michel Pichavant
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 1. September 2016
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American Mineralogist
Aus der Zeitschrift American Mineralogist Band 101 Heft 9

Abstract

The ascent of H2O- and H2O-CO2-bearing basaltic melts from the deeper to the shallower part of the Stromboli magmatic system and their vesiculation were simulated from decompression experiments. A well-studied “golden” pumice produced during an intermediate- to a large-scale paroxysm was used as starting material. Volatile-bearing glasses were synthesized at an oxygen fugacity fo2 ranging from NNO-1.4 to +0.9, 1200 °C and 200 MPa. The resulting crystal- and bubble-free glasses were then isothermally (1200 °C) decompressed to final pressures Pf ranging between 200 and 25 MPa, at a linear ascent rate of 1.5 m/s (or 39 kPa/s) prior to be rapidly quenched. Textures of post-decompression glasses that were characterized by X-ray computed tomography result from different mechanisms of degassing that include bubble nucleation, growth, coalescence, and outgassing, as well as fragmentation. Homogeneous bubble nucleation occurs for supersaturation pressures (difference between saturation pressure and pressure at which bubbles start to form homogeneously, ΔPHoN) ≤ 50 MPa. In the CO2-free melts, homogeneous nucleation occurs as two distinct events, the first at high Pf (200–150 MPa) and the second at low Pf (50–25 MPa) near the fragmentation level. In contrast, in the CO2-bearing melts, multiple events of homogeneous bubble nucleation occur over a substantial Pf interval along the decompression path. Bubble coalescence occurs in both H2O- and H2O-CO2-bearing melts and is the more strongly marked between 100 and 50 MPa Pf. The CO2-free melts follow equilibrium degassing until 100 MPa Pf and are slightly supersaturated at 60 and 50 MPa Pf, thus providing the driving force for the second bubble nucleation event. In comparison, disequilibrium degassing occurs systematically in the CO2-bearing melts that retain high CO2 concentrations. Fragmentation was observed in some CO2-free charges decompressed to 25 MPa Pf and is intimately associated with the occurrence of the second bubble nucleation event. Textures of H2O-CO2-bearing glasses reproduce certain critical aspects of the Stromboli natural textures (bubble number densities, shapes, sizes, and distributions) and chemistries (residual volatile concentrations). Average bubble sizes, bubble size distribution (BSD), and bubble number density (BND) data are used together to estimate that the “golden” pumice magmas ascend from their source region in 43 to 128 min.

Keywords: Basalt; Stromboli; volatiles; magma degassing; magma ascent; bubble nucleation; fragmentation

Special collection papers can be found online at http://www.minsocam.org/MSA/AmMin/special-collections.html.

Acknowledgments

This project has been financially supported by the VUELCO (EC FP7) and DEGAZMAG (ANR 2011 Blanc SIMI 5–6 003-02) projects. Ida Di Carlo is acknowledged for SEM analyses. Discussions with Don R. Baker, Didier Laporte, Bruno Scaillet, Massimo Pompilio, Alain Burgisser, and Caroline Martel have been helpful. We thank Renat Almeev for the editorial work, as well as Michael R. Carroll and Didier Laporte for their comments and suggestions on the manuscript.

Appendix

Surface tensions (σ) have been calculated from our experimentally determined supersaturation pressures (ΔPHoN) and nucleation rates (J) computed from our measured bubble number densities and decompression timescales. Strictly speaking our calculations consider only water as the sole dissolved volatile, and so are applicable only to series #1 melts. The expression of the critical degree of supersaturation ΔPHoN is given by (e.g., Hurwitz and Navon 1994; Mourtada-Bonnefoi and Laporte 2002):

ΔPHoN=16⋅π⋅σ33⋅k⋅T⋅lnJJ0

where k is the Boltzmann constant (1.38 × 10-23 J/K), T is the temperature (in K) and J0 is the preexponential nucleation rate (in m-3/s).

The parameter J0 that is given by (e.g., Mourtada-Bonnefoi and Laporte 2004):

J0=2⋅ΩL⋅n02⋅Da0⋅σk⋅T12

where ΩL is the volume of water molecules in the liquid (ΩL = 3 × 10–29 m3), n0 is the number of water molecules per unit volume of liquid, a0 is the mean distance between water molecules (a0 ≈ n0–1/3) and D is the water diffusivity in the liquid, has been estimated. D is taken from the equation of Zhang and Ni (2010) that takes into consideration the effects of H2O content and temperature. n0 is defined as 6.02 × 1023 × Xm × ρliq/M, where 6.02 × 1023 is the Avogadro number, Xm is the mass fraction of molecular water in the liquid, ρliq is the liquid density (2650 kg/m3), and M is the molar mass of water (0.018 kg/mol). ΩL and Xm parameters are poorly constrained in basalt melts and we have used the values given by Mourtada-Bonnefoi and Laporte (2004), determined for rhyolitic liquids. Checks were performed to evaluate their influence on the calculated results and found to be small (<0.001 N/m). In the same way, the choice of the D equation leads to very small (<0.001 N/m) differences in σ.

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Received: 2015-11-30
Accepted: 2016-4-21
Published Online: 2016-9-1
Published in Print: 2016-9-1

© 2016 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  2. Styles of aqueous alteration on Mars
  3. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  4. Study on nanophase iron oxyhydroxides in freshwater ferromanganese nodules from Green Bay, Lake Michigan
  5. Review
  6. Redox variations in the inner solar system with new constraints from vanadium XANES in spinels
  7. Special Collection: Apatite: A Common Mineral, Uncommonly Versatile
  8. From bone to fossil: A review of the diagenesis of bioapatite
  9. Special Collection: Olivine
  10. Nickel–cobalt contents of olivine record origins of mantle peridotite and related rocks
  11. Special Collection: Rates And Depths Of Magma Ascent On Earth
  12. Experimental simulation of bubble nucleation and magma ascent in basaltic systems: Implications for Stromboli volcano
  13. Special Collection: Nanominerals and Mineral Nanoparticles
  14. Study on nanophase iron oxyhydroxides in freshwater ferromanganese nodules from Green Bay, Lake Michigan, with implications for the adsorption of As and heavy metals
  15. Special Collection: Building Planets: The Dynamics and Geochemistry of Core Formation
  16. The effects of shear deformation on planetesimal core segregation: Results from in-situ X-ray micro-tomography
  17. Special Collection: Martian Rocks and Minerals: Perspectives from Rovers, Orbiters, and Meteorites
  18. VNIR multispectral observations of aqueous alteration materials by the Pancams on the Spirit and Opportunity Mars Exploration Rovers
  19. Research Article
  20. Experimental investigation of the kinetics of the spinel-to-garnet transformation in peridotite: A preliminary study
  21. Research Article
  22. Thermodynamics, self-diffusion, and structure of liquid NaAlSi3O8 to 30 GPa by classical molecular dynamics simulations
  23. Research Article
  24. Magnetite plaquettes are naturally asymmetric materials in meteorites
  25. Research Article
  26. Rare-earth perovskites along the CaTiO3-Na0.5La0.5TiO3 join: Phase transitions, formation enthalpies, and implications for loparite minerals
  27. Research Article
  28. Kinetics of Fe3+ mineral crystallization from ferrihydrite in the presence of Si at alkaline conditions and implications for nuclear waste disposal
  29. Research Article
  30. Multi-scale three-dimensional characterization of iron particles in dusty olivine: Implications for paleomagnetism of chondritic meteorites
  31. Research Article
  32. Modeling dislocation glide and lattice friction in Mg2SiO4 wadsleyite in conditions of the Earth’s transition zone
  33. Research Article
  34. Carlsonite, (NH4)5Fe33+O(SO4)6⋅7H2O , and huizingite-(Al), (NH4)9Al3(SO4)8(OH)2·4H2O, two new minerals from a natural fire in an oil-bearing shale near Milan, Ohio
  35. Research-article
  36. Vránaite, ideally Al16B4Si4O38, a new mineral related to boralsilite, Al16B6Si2O37, from the Manjaka pegmatite, Sahatany Valley, Madagascar
  37. Research-article
  38. Gaussian thermoluminescence in long-range disordered K-feldspar
  39. New Mineral Names
  40. New Mineral Names
  41. Book Review
  42. Book Review: Gems & Crystals From One of the World’s Great Collections
https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2016-5639
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
Basalt; Stromboli; volatiles; magma degassing; magma ascent; bubble nucleation; fragmentation

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  2. Styles of aqueous alteration on Mars
  3. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  4. Study on nanophase iron oxyhydroxides in freshwater ferromanganese nodules from Green Bay, Lake Michigan
  5. Review
  6. Redox variations in the inner solar system with new constraints from vanadium XANES in spinels
  7. Special Collection: Apatite: A Common Mineral, Uncommonly Versatile
  8. From bone to fossil: A review of the diagenesis of bioapatite
  9. Special Collection: Olivine
  10. Nickel–cobalt contents of olivine record origins of mantle peridotite and related rocks
  11. Special Collection: Rates And Depths Of Magma Ascent On Earth
  12. Experimental simulation of bubble nucleation and magma ascent in basaltic systems: Implications for Stromboli volcano
  13. Special Collection: Nanominerals and Mineral Nanoparticles
  14. Study on nanophase iron oxyhydroxides in freshwater ferromanganese nodules from Green Bay, Lake Michigan, with implications for the adsorption of As and heavy metals
  15. Special Collection: Building Planets: The Dynamics and Geochemistry of Core Formation
  16. The effects of shear deformation on planetesimal core segregation: Results from in-situ X-ray micro-tomography
  17. Special Collection: Martian Rocks and Minerals: Perspectives from Rovers, Orbiters, and Meteorites
  18. VNIR multispectral observations of aqueous alteration materials by the Pancams on the Spirit and Opportunity Mars Exploration Rovers
  19. Research Article
  20. Experimental investigation of the kinetics of the spinel-to-garnet transformation in peridotite: A preliminary study
  21. Research Article
  22. Thermodynamics, self-diffusion, and structure of liquid NaAlSi3O8 to 30 GPa by classical molecular dynamics simulations
  23. Research Article
  24. Magnetite plaquettes are naturally asymmetric materials in meteorites
  25. Research Article
  26. Rare-earth perovskites along the CaTiO3-Na0.5La0.5TiO3 join: Phase transitions, formation enthalpies, and implications for loparite minerals
  27. Research Article
  28. Kinetics of Fe3+ mineral crystallization from ferrihydrite in the presence of Si at alkaline conditions and implications for nuclear waste disposal
  29. Research Article
  30. Multi-scale three-dimensional characterization of iron particles in dusty olivine: Implications for paleomagnetism of chondritic meteorites
  31. Research Article
  32. Modeling dislocation glide and lattice friction in Mg2SiO4 wadsleyite in conditions of the Earth’s transition zone
  33. Research Article
  34. Carlsonite, (NH4)5Fe33+O(SO4)6⋅7H2O , and huizingite-(Al), (NH4)9Al3(SO4)8(OH)2·4H2O, two new minerals from a natural fire in an oil-bearing shale near Milan, Ohio
  35. Research-article
  36. Vránaite, ideally Al16B4Si4O38, a new mineral related to boralsilite, Al16B6Si2O37, from the Manjaka pegmatite, Sahatany Valley, Madagascar
  37. Research-article
  38. Gaussian thermoluminescence in long-range disordered K-feldspar
  39. New Mineral Names
  40. New Mineral Names
  41. Book Review
  42. Book Review: Gems & Crystals From One of the World’s Great Collections
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