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Nickel–cobalt contents of olivine record origins of mantle peridotite and related rocks

  • Claude Herzberg EMAIL logo , Christopher Vidito and Natalie A. Starkey
Published/Copyright: September 1, 2016
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American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 101 Issue 9

Abstract

Olivine is distinguished from all other minerals in providing a remarkable chemical narrative about magmatic processes that occurred in Earth’s crust, mantle, and core over the entire age of Earth history. Olivines in mantle peridotite have Ni contents and Mg numbers that were largely produced by equilibrium crystallization in an early turbulently convecting magma ocean; subsequent stages of partial melting operated to slightly elevate Ni and Mg number in residual olivines. Olivines from Archean komatiites from the Abitibi greenstone belt have Ni contents and Mg numbers that are consistent with an extensively melted peridotite source at great depths in the mantle. Olivines from basaltic oceanic crust, the Icelandic mantle plume and other Phanerozoic occurrences have compositions that record magma chamber crystallization, recharge, mixing, and partial melting. Olivines from the present-day Icelandic mantle plume have compositions that are consistent the melting of a peridotite source; unlike Hawaii, the melting of recycled crust as a distinct pyroxenite lithology is not evident in the olivine chemistry of Iceland. Paleocene picrites from Baffin Island and West Greenland from the ancient Icelandic plume have olivines with Ni contents that are consistent with either Ni-rich peridotite that formed by core-mantle interaction or by low-pressure crystallization of hot and deep magmas. In general, hot magma oceans, mantle plumes, and ambient mantle magmatism form in ways that are captured by the compositions of the olivine crystals that they contain.

Keywords: Olivine; nickel; cobalt; mantle

Special collection papers can be found online at http://www.minsocam.org/MSA/AmMin/special-collections.html.

Acknowledgments

We are honored and grateful to Keith Putirka for his kind invitation to contribute a Centennial paper to the American Mineralogist and for a thoughtful review. Fin Stuart is thanked for collecting the Baffin Island samples from which thin sections were made, and Lotte Larsen is thanked for comments. Michael Perfit is thanked for providing samples from the Siqueiros fracture zone, and Michael Baker is thanked for comments. We are most grateful to Andrew Matzen and Chusi Li for critical reviews.

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Received: 2015-8-19
Accepted: 2016-4-14
Published Online: 2016-9-1
Published in Print: 2016-9-1

© 2016 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  2. Styles of aqueous alteration on Mars
  3. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  4. Study on nanophase iron oxyhydroxides in freshwater ferromanganese nodules from Green Bay, Lake Michigan
  5. Review
  6. Redox variations in the inner solar system with new constraints from vanadium XANES in spinels
  7. Special Collection: Apatite: A Common Mineral, Uncommonly Versatile
  8. From bone to fossil: A review of the diagenesis of bioapatite
  9. Special Collection: Olivine
  10. Nickel–cobalt contents of olivine record origins of mantle peridotite and related rocks
  11. Special Collection: Rates And Depths Of Magma Ascent On Earth
  12. Experimental simulation of bubble nucleation and magma ascent in basaltic systems: Implications for Stromboli volcano
  13. Special Collection: Nanominerals and Mineral Nanoparticles
  14. Study on nanophase iron oxyhydroxides in freshwater ferromanganese nodules from Green Bay, Lake Michigan, with implications for the adsorption of As and heavy metals
  15. Special Collection: Building Planets: The Dynamics and Geochemistry of Core Formation
  16. The effects of shear deformation on planetesimal core segregation: Results from in-situ X-ray micro-tomography
  17. Special Collection: Martian Rocks and Minerals: Perspectives from Rovers, Orbiters, and Meteorites
  18. VNIR multispectral observations of aqueous alteration materials by the Pancams on the Spirit and Opportunity Mars Exploration Rovers
  19. Research Article
  20. Experimental investigation of the kinetics of the spinel-to-garnet transformation in peridotite: A preliminary study
  21. Research Article
  22. Thermodynamics, self-diffusion, and structure of liquid NaAlSi3O8 to 30 GPa by classical molecular dynamics simulations
  23. Research Article
  24. Magnetite plaquettes are naturally asymmetric materials in meteorites
  25. Research Article
  26. Rare-earth perovskites along the CaTiO3-Na0.5La0.5TiO3 join: Phase transitions, formation enthalpies, and implications for loparite minerals
  27. Research Article
  28. Kinetics of Fe3+ mineral crystallization from ferrihydrite in the presence of Si at alkaline conditions and implications for nuclear waste disposal
  29. Research Article
  30. Multi-scale three-dimensional characterization of iron particles in dusty olivine: Implications for paleomagnetism of chondritic meteorites
  31. Research Article
  32. Modeling dislocation glide and lattice friction in Mg2SiO4 wadsleyite in conditions of the Earth’s transition zone
  33. Research Article
  34. Carlsonite, (NH4)5Fe33+O(SO4)6⋅7H2O , and huizingite-(Al), (NH4)9Al3(SO4)8(OH)2·4H2O, two new minerals from a natural fire in an oil-bearing shale near Milan, Ohio
  35. Research-article
  36. Vránaite, ideally Al16B4Si4O38, a new mineral related to boralsilite, Al16B6Si2O37, from the Manjaka pegmatite, Sahatany Valley, Madagascar
  37. Research-article
  38. Gaussian thermoluminescence in long-range disordered K-feldspar
  39. New Mineral Names
  40. New Mineral Names
  41. Book Review
  42. Book Review: Gems & Crystals From One of the World’s Great Collections
https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2016-5538
Keywords for this article
Olivine; nickel; cobalt; mantle

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  2. Styles of aqueous alteration on Mars
  3. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  4. Study on nanophase iron oxyhydroxides in freshwater ferromanganese nodules from Green Bay, Lake Michigan
  5. Review
  6. Redox variations in the inner solar system with new constraints from vanadium XANES in spinels
  7. Special Collection: Apatite: A Common Mineral, Uncommonly Versatile
  8. From bone to fossil: A review of the diagenesis of bioapatite
  9. Special Collection: Olivine
  10. Nickel–cobalt contents of olivine record origins of mantle peridotite and related rocks
  11. Special Collection: Rates And Depths Of Magma Ascent On Earth
  12. Experimental simulation of bubble nucleation and magma ascent in basaltic systems: Implications for Stromboli volcano
  13. Special Collection: Nanominerals and Mineral Nanoparticles
  14. Study on nanophase iron oxyhydroxides in freshwater ferromanganese nodules from Green Bay, Lake Michigan, with implications for the adsorption of As and heavy metals
  15. Special Collection: Building Planets: The Dynamics and Geochemistry of Core Formation
  16. The effects of shear deformation on planetesimal core segregation: Results from in-situ X-ray micro-tomography
  17. Special Collection: Martian Rocks and Minerals: Perspectives from Rovers, Orbiters, and Meteorites
  18. VNIR multispectral observations of aqueous alteration materials by the Pancams on the Spirit and Opportunity Mars Exploration Rovers
  19. Research Article
  20. Experimental investigation of the kinetics of the spinel-to-garnet transformation in peridotite: A preliminary study
  21. Research Article
  22. Thermodynamics, self-diffusion, and structure of liquid NaAlSi3O8 to 30 GPa by classical molecular dynamics simulations
  23. Research Article
  24. Magnetite plaquettes are naturally asymmetric materials in meteorites
  25. Research Article
  26. Rare-earth perovskites along the CaTiO3-Na0.5La0.5TiO3 join: Phase transitions, formation enthalpies, and implications for loparite minerals
  27. Research Article
  28. Kinetics of Fe3+ mineral crystallization from ferrihydrite in the presence of Si at alkaline conditions and implications for nuclear waste disposal
  29. Research Article
  30. Multi-scale three-dimensional characterization of iron particles in dusty olivine: Implications for paleomagnetism of chondritic meteorites
  31. Research Article
  32. Modeling dislocation glide and lattice friction in Mg2SiO4 wadsleyite in conditions of the Earth’s transition zone
  33. Research Article
  34. Carlsonite, (NH4)5Fe33+O(SO4)6⋅7H2O , and huizingite-(Al), (NH4)9Al3(SO4)8(OH)2·4H2O, two new minerals from a natural fire in an oil-bearing shale near Milan, Ohio
  35. Research-article
  36. Vránaite, ideally Al16B4Si4O38, a new mineral related to boralsilite, Al16B6Si2O37, from the Manjaka pegmatite, Sahatany Valley, Madagascar
  37. Research-article
  38. Gaussian thermoluminescence in long-range disordered K-feldspar
  39. New Mineral Names
  40. New Mineral Names
  41. Book Review
  42. Book Review: Gems & Crystals From One of the World’s Great Collections
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