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Incorporation of Fe2+ and Fe3+ in bridgmanite during magma ocean crystallization

  • Asmaa Boujibar EMAIL logo , Nathalie Bolfan-Casanova , Denis Andrault , M. Ali Bouhifd and Nicolas Trcera
Published/Copyright: July 7, 2016
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American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 101 Issue 7

Abstract

Using large volume press, samples of bridgmanites (Bg) in equilibrium with both silicate melt and liquid Fe-alloy were synthesized to replicate the early period of core-mantle segregation and magma ocean crystallization. We observe that the Fe partition coefficient between Bg and silicate melt (DFeBg/melt) varies strongly with the degree of partial melting (F). It is close to 1 at very low F and adopts a constant value of ~0.3 for F values above 10 wt%. In the context of a partially molten mantle, a larger F (closer to liquidus) should yield Fe-depleted Bg grains floating in the liquid mantle. In contrast, a low F (closer to solidus) should yield buoyant pockets of silicate melt in the dominantly solid mantle.

We also determined the valence state of Fe in these Bg phases using X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES). Combining our results with all available data sets, we show a redox state of Fe in Bg more complex than generally accepted. Under the reducing oxygen fugacities (fO2) of this study ranging from IW-1.5 and IW-2, the measured Fe3+ content of Bg is found moderate (Fe3+/ΣFe = 21 ± 4%) and weakly correlated with Al content. When fO2 is comprised between IW-1 and IW, this ratio is correlated with both Al content and oxygen fugacity. When fO2 remains between IW and Re/ReO2 buffers, Fe3+/ΣFe ratio becomes independent of fO2 and exclusively correlated with Al content.

Due to the incompatibility of Fe in Bg and the variability of its partition coefficient with the degree of melting, fractional crystallization of the magma ocean can lead to important chemical heterogeneities that will be attenuated ultimately with mantle stirring. In addition, the relatively low-Fe3+ contents found in Bg (21%) at the reducing conditions (IW-2) prevailing during core segregation seem contradictory with the 50% previously suggested for the actual Earth’s lower mantle. This suggests the presence of 1.7 wt% Fe3+ in the lower mantle, which reduces the difference with the value observed in the upper mantle (0.3 wt%). Reaching higher concentrations of trivalent Fe requires additional oxidation processes such as the late arrival of relatively oxidized material during the Earth accretion or interaction with oxidized subducting slabs.

Key words: Bridgmanite; lower mantle; magma ocean; melting; partitioning; redox; ferric iron; XANES

Special collection information can be found at http://www.minsocam.org/MSA/AmMin/special-collections.html.

Present address: NASA Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, Texas 77058, U.S.A

Acknowledgments

We are grateful to J.L. Fruquière, F. Pointud, and F. Doré for support with the multi-anvil press, J.L. Devidal and J.M. Hénot for SEM and EPMA measurements, and M. Muñoz for help in treatment of the XANES spectra. This study was supported by the ANR Oxydeep project and is a ClerVOlc contribution no. 203.

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Received: 2015-9-18
Accepted: 2016-2-16
Published Online: 2016-7-7
Published in Print: 2016-7-1

© 2016 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2016-5561
Keywords for this article
Bridgmanite; lower mantle; magma ocean; melting; partitioning; redox; ferric iron; XANES

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  7. Special collection: martian rocks and minerals: perspectives from rovers, orbiters, and meteorites
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  10. Discovery of alunite in cross crater, terra sirenum, mars: evidence for acidic, sulfurous waters
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