Home Constraints on iron sulfate and iron oxide mineralogy from ChemCam visible/near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy of Mt. Sharp basal units, Gale Crater, Mars
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Constraints on iron sulfate and iron oxide mineralogy from ChemCam visible/near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy of Mt. Sharp basal units, Gale Crater, Mars

  • Jeffrey R. Johnson EMAIL logo , James F. Bell , Steve Bender , Diana Blaney , Edward Cloutis , Bethany Ehlmann , Abigail Fraeman , Olivier Gasnault , Kjartan Kinch , Stéphane Le Mouélic , Sylvestre Maurice , Elizabeth Rampe , David Vaniman and Roger C. Wiens
Published/Copyright: July 7, 2016
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill
Author Information
American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 101 Issue 7

Abstract

Relative reflectance point spectra (400–840 nm) were acquired by the Chemistry and Camera (ChemCam) instrument on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover Curiosity in passive mode (no laser) of drill tailings and broken rock fragments near the rover as it entered the lower reaches of Mt. Sharp and of landforms at distances of 2–8 km. Freshly disturbed surfaces are less subject to the spectral masking effects of dust, and revealed spectral features consistent with the presence of iron oxides and ferric sulfates. We present the first detection on Mars of a ~433 nm absorption band consistent with small abundances of ferric sulfates, corroborated by jarosite detections by the Chemistry and Mineralogy (CheMin) X-ray diffraction instrument in the Mojave, Telegraph Peak, and Confidence Hills drilled samples. Disturbed materials near the Bonanza King region also exhibited strong 433 nm bands and negative near-infrared spectral slopes consistent with jarosite. ChemCam passive spectra of the Confidence Hills and Mojave drill tailings showed features suggestive of the crystalline hematite identified by CheMin analyses. The Windjana drill sample tailings exhibited flat, low relative reflectance spectra, explained by the occurrence of magnetite detected by CheMin. Passive spectra of Bonanza King were similar, suggesting the presence of spectrally dark and neutral minerals such as magnetite. Long-distance spectra of the “Hematite Ridge” feature (3–5 km from the rover) exhibited features consistent with crystalline hematite. The Bagnold dune field north of the Hematite Ridge area exhibited low relative reflectance and near-infrared features indicative of basaltic materials (olivine, pyroxene). Light-toned layers south of Hematite Ridge lacked distinct spectral features in the 400–840 nm region, and may represent portions of nearby clay minerals and sulfates mapped with orbital near-infrared observations. The presence of ferric sulfates such as jarosite in the drill tailings suggests a relatively acidic environment, likely associated with flow of iron-bearing fluids, associated oxidation, and/or hydrothermal leaching of sedimentary rocks. Combined with other remote sensing data sets, mineralogical constraints from ChemCam passive spectra will continue to play an important role in interpreting the mineralogy and composition of materials encountered as Curiosity traverses further south within the basal layers of the Mt. Sharp complex.

Keywords: Mars spectroscopy; Mars remote sensing; visible/near-infrared; IR spectroscopy; ferric sulfates; iron oxides; Invited Centennial article

Special collection information can be found at http://www.minsocam.org/MSA/AmMin/special-collections.html.

Acknowledgments

This work was funded by the NASA Mars Science Laboratory Participating Scientist program through the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (contract 1350588). The U.S. portion of ChemCam and MSL rover operations was funded by NASA’s Mars Exploration Program. The French contribution to MSL is supported by the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES). Work by K. Kinch was supported by the Danish Council for Independent Research/Natural Sciences (FNU grant 12 127126). A. Fraeman is supported by Keck Institute for Space Studies and Caltech GPS division Texaco postdoctoral fellowships. The authors thank W. Farrand and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful suggestions, and to J. Bishop for valuable editorial recommendations. Relative reflectance spectra used in Figures 10, 14, and 15 are available as supplemental material[1].

References Cited

Anderson, R.B., and Bell, J.F. III (2010) Geologic mapping and characterization of Gale crater and implications for its potential as a Mars Science Laboratory landing site. Mars, 5, 76–128.10.1555/mars.2010.0004Search in Google Scholar

Anderson, R., Bridges, J.C., Williams, A., Edgar, L., Ollila, A., Williams, J., Nachon, M., Mangold, N., Fisk, M., Schieber, J., and others. (2015a) ChemCam results from the Shaler outcrop in Gale Crater, Mars. Icarus, 249, 2–21,10.1016/j.icarus.2014.07.025.Search in Google Scholar

Anderson, R.C., Beegle, L., and Abbey, W. (2015b) Drilling on Mars: What we have learned from the Mars science laboratory powder acquisition drill system (PADS). Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, abstract no. 2417.Search in Google Scholar

Bell, J.F. III, McSween, H.Y. Jr., Murchie, S.L., Johnson, J.R., Reid, R., Morris, R.V., Anderson, R.C., Bishop, J.L., Bridges, N.T., Britt, D.T., and others. (2000) Mineralogic and compositional properties of martian soil and dust: Preliminary results from Mars Pathfinder. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 1721–1755.10.1029/1999JE001060Search in Google Scholar

Bell, J.F. III, Squyres, S.W., Arvidson, R.E., Arneson, H.M., Bass, D., Blaney, D., Cabrol, N., Calvin, W., Farmer, J., Farrand, W.H., and others. (2004a) Pancam multispectral imaging results from the Spirit rover at Gusev crater. Science, 305, 800–806.10.1126/science.1100175Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Bell, J.F. III, Squyres, S.W., Arvidson, R.E., Arneson, H.M., Bass, D., Calvin, W., Farrand, W.H., Goetz, W., Golombek, M., Greeley, R., and others. (2004b) Pancam multispectral imaging results from the Opportunity rover at Meridiani Planum. Science, 306, 1703–1709.10.1126/science.1105245Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Bell, J.F. III, et al. (2008) Visible to near IR multispectral orbital observations of Mars, Ch. 8, in The Martian Surface: Composition, Mineralogy, and Physical Properties, Cambridge University Press, 169–192.10.1017/CBO9780511536076.009Search in Google Scholar

Bell, J.F. III, Godber, A., Rice, M.S., Fraeman, A.A., Ehlmann, B.L., Goetz, W., Hardgrove, C.J., Harker, D.E., Johnson, J.R., Kinch, K.M., Lemmon, M.T., McNair, S., Le Mouélic, S., Madsen, M.B., and the MSL Science Team (2013) Initial multispectral imaging results from the Mars Science Laboratory Mastcam Investigation at the Gale Crater field site. Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, 44, abstract no. 1417.Search in Google Scholar

Bell, J.F. III, Maki, J.N., Mehall, G.L., Ravine, M.A., Caplinger, M.A., and the Mastcam Z Science Team (2014) Mastcam Z: A Geologic, stereoscopic, and multispectral investigation on the NASA Mars-2020 Rover, Abstract no. 1151. Presented at “International Workshop on Instrumentation for Planetary Missions (IPM-2014),” Greenbelt, Maryland, November 4–7.Search in Google Scholar

Bish, D., Blake, D., Vaniman, D., Sarrazin, P., Bristow, T., Achilles, C., Dera, P., Chipera, S., Crisp, J., Downs, R.T., and others. (2014) The first X-ray diffraction measurements on Mars. IUCrJ, 1,10.1107/S2052252514021150.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Bishop, J.L., and Murad, E. (1996) Schwertmannite on Mars? Spectroscopic analyses of schwertmannite, its relationship to other ferric minerals, and its possible presence in the surface material on Mars. Mineral Spectroscopy: A Tribute to Roger G. Burns, 5, 337–358.Search in Google Scholar

Bishop, J.L., Murad, E., and Dyar, M.D. (2015) Akaganéite and schwertmannite: Spectral properties and geochemical implications of their possible presence on Mars. American Mineralogist, 100, 4738–4746.10.2138/am-2015-5016Search in Google Scholar

Blake, D.F., et al. (2013) Curiosity at Gale Crater, Mars: Characterization and analysis of the Rocknest sand shadow. Science, 341, 1239505,10.1126/science.1239505.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Blaney, D.L., et al. (2014) Chemistry and texture of the rocks at Rocknest, Gale Crater: Evidence for sedimentary origin and diagenetic alteration. Journal of Geophysical Research Planets, 119,10.1002/2013JE004590.Search in Google Scholar

Bridges, J.C., Schwenzer, S.P., Leveille, R., Westall, F., Wiens, R.C., Mangold, N., Bristow, T., Edwards, P., and Berger, G. (2015) Diagenesis and clay mineral formation at Gale Crater, Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research Planets, 120, 1–19,10.1002/2014JE004757.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Bristow, T.F., Bish, D.L., Vaniman, D.T., Morris, R.V., Blake, D.F., Grotzinger, J.P., Rampe, E.B., Crisp, J.A., Achilles, C.N., Ming, D.W., and others. (2015) The origin and implications of clay minerals from Yellowknife Bay, Gale crater, Mars. American Mineralogist, 100, 824–836,10.2138/am-2015–5077.Search in Google Scholar

Cavanagh, P.D., et al. (2015) Confidence Hills mineralogy and CheMin results from base of Mt. Sharp, Pahrump Hills, Gale Craer, Mars. Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, abstract no. 2735.Search in Google Scholar

Clark, R.N., et al. (2003) USGS Digital Spectral Library splib05a. USGS Open File Report 03-395.10.3133/ofr03395Search in Google Scholar

Cloutis, E.A., et al. (2006a) Detection and discrimination of sulfate minerals using reflectance spectroscopy. Icarus, 184, 121–157.10.1016/j.icarus.2006.04.003Search in Google Scholar

Cloutis, E., Craig, M., Kaletzke, L., McCormack, K., and Stewart, L. (2006b) HOSERLab: A new planetary spectrophotometer facility. 37th Annual Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, abstract no. 2121.Search in Google Scholar

Cloutis, E.S., Craig, M.A., Kruzeleck, R.V., Jamroz, W.R., Scott, A., Hawthorne, F.C., and Mertzman, S.A. (2008) Spectral reflectance properties of minerals exposed to simulated Mars surface conditions. Icarus, 195, 140–169.10.1016/j.icarus.2007.10.028Search in Google Scholar

Cloutis, E.A., Hudon, P., Hiroi, T., Gaffey, M.J., and Mann, P. (2011) Spectral reflectance properties of carbonaceous chondrites: 2. CM chondrites. Icarus, 216, 309–346.10.1016/j.icarus.2011.09.009Search in Google Scholar

Cousin, A., Meslin, P.Y. Wiens, R.C., Rapin, W., Mangold, N., Fabre, C., Gasnault, O., Forni, O., Tokar, R., Ollila, A., and others and MSL Science Team (2015) Compositions of coarse and fine particles in martian soils at Gale: A window into the production of soils. Icarus, 249, 22–42,10.1016/j.icarus.2014.04.052.Search in Google Scholar

Dixon, E.M., Elwood Madden, A.S., Hausrath, E.M., and Elwood Madden, M.E. (2015) Assessing hydrodynamic effects on jarosite dissolution rates, reaction products, and preservation on Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research Planets, 120, 625–642,10.1002/2014JE004779.Search in Google Scholar

Downs, R.T., and the MSL Science Team (2015) Determining mineralogy on Mars with the CheMin X-ray diffractometer. Elements, 11, 45–50,10.2113/gselements.11.1.45.Search in Google Scholar

Ehlmann, B.L., and Buz, J. (2015) Mineralogy and fluvial history of the watersheds of Gale, Knobel, and Sharp craters: A regional context for MSL Curiosity’s exploration. Geophysical Research Letters, 42, 264–273,10.1002/2014GL062553.Search in Google Scholar

Ehlmann, B.L., and Edwards, C.S. (2014) Mineralogy of the martian surface. Annual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 42, 291–315,10.1146/annurev-earth-060313-055024.Search in Google Scholar

Farrand, W., Bell, J.F. III, Johnson, J.R., Squyres, S.W., Soderblom, J., and Ming, D.W. (2006) Spectral variability in visible and near-infrared multispectral Pancam data collected at Gusev Crater: Examinations using spectral mixture analysis and related techniques. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, E02S15,10.1029/2005JE002495.Search in Google Scholar

Farrand, W.H., et al. (2007) Visible and near-infrared multispectral analysis of rocks at Meridiani Planum, Mars, by the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity. Journal of Geophysical Research, 112, E06S02, 10.1029/2006JE002773.10.1029/2006JE002773Search in Google Scholar

Farrand, W.H., Bell, J.F. III, Johnson, J.R., Arvidson, R.E., Crumpler, L.S., Hurowitz, J.A., and Schröder, C. (2008a) Rock spectral classes observed by the Spirit Rover’s Pancam on the Gusev Crater Plains and in the Columbia Hills. Journal of Geophysical Research, 113, E12S38,10.1029/2008JE003237.Search in Google Scholar

Farrand, W.H., Bell, J.F. III, Johnson, J.R., Bishop, J.L., and Morris, R.V. (2008b) Multispectral Imaging from Mars Pathfinder. In J.F. Bell III, Ed., The Martian Surface: Composition, mineralogy, and physical properties, p. 424–452. Cambridge University Press, U.K.10.1017/CBO9780511536076.013Search in Google Scholar

Fouchet, T., Montmessin, F., Forni, O., Maurice, S., Wiens, R.C., Jonhson, J.R., and T. SuperCam Team. (2015) The infrared investigation on the SuperCam instrument for the Mars2020 rover. 46th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, abstract no. 1736.Search in Google Scholar

Fraeman, A.A., Arvidson, R.E., Catalano, J.G., Grotzinger, J.P., Morris, R.V., Murchie, S.L., and Viviano, C.E. (2013) A hematite bearing layer in Gale Crater, Mars: Mapping and implications for past aqueous conditions. Geology, 41, 1103–1106.10.1130/G34613.1Search in Google Scholar

Fraeman, A.A., Edwards, C.S., Ehlmann, B.L., Arvidson, R.E., Johnson, J.R., and Rice, M.S. (2015) Exploring Curiosity’s future path from orbit: The view of lower Mt. Sharp from integrated CRISM, HiRise, and THEMIS datasets. Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, abstract 2124.Search in Google Scholar

Grotzinger, J.P., and Milliken, R.E. (2012) The Sedimentary Rock Record of Mars: Distribution, origins, and global stratigraphy. In Sedimentary Geology of Mars, 102, pp. 1–48. SEPM Special Publication, Tulsa, Oklahoma.10.2110/pec.12.102.0001Search in Google Scholar

Grotzinger, J.P., et al. (2014) A habitable fluvio-lacustrine environment at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars. Science, 343, 1242777,10.1126/science.1242777.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Grotzinger, J.P., Crisp, J.A., Vasavada, A.R., and the MSL Science Team (2015a) Curiosity’s mission of exploration at Gale Crater, Mars. Elements, 11, 19–26,10.2113/gselements.11.1.19.Search in Google Scholar

Grotzinger, J.P. et al. (2015b) Deposition, exhumation, and paleoclimate of an ancient lake deposit, Gale crater, Mars, Science, 350,10.1126/science.aac7575.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Jackson, R.S., Wiens, R.C., Vaniman, D.T., Beegle, L., Gasnault, O., Newsom, H.E., Maurice, S., Meslin, P. Y., Clegg, S., Cousin, A., Schröder, S., and Williams, J.M. (2015) ChemCam investigation of the John Klein and Cumberland drill holes and tailings. Icarus, in press.10.1016/j.icarus.2016.04.026Search in Google Scholar

Johnson, J.R., and Grundy, W.M. (2001) Visible/near-infrared spectra and two layer modeling of palagonite-coated basalts. Geophysical Research Letters, 28, 2101–2104.10.1029/2000GL012669Search in Google Scholar

Johnson, J.R., et al. (2001) Geological characterization of remote field sites using visible and infrared spectroscopy: Results from the 1999 Marsokhod field test. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 7683–7711.10.1029/1999JE001149Search in Google Scholar

Johnson, J.R., Grundy, W.M., and Lemmon, M.T. (2003) Dust deposition at the Mars Pathfinder landing site: Observations and modeling of visible/near-infrared spectra. Icarus, 163, 330–346.10.1016/S0019-1035(03)00084-8Search in Google Scholar

Johnson, J.R., Bell, J.F. III, Cloutis, E., Staid, M., Farrand, W.H., McCoy, T., Rice, M., Wang, A., and Yen, A. (2007) Mineralogic constraints on sulfur-rich soils from Pancam spectra at Gusev crater. Mars, Geophysical Research Letters, 34, L13202,10.1029/2007GL02989.Search in Google Scholar

Johnson, J.R., Bell, J.F. III, Bender, S., Blaney, D., Cloutis, E., DeFlores, L., Ehlmann, B., Gasnault, O., Gondet, B., Kinch, K., Lemmon, M., Le Mouélic, S., Maurice, S., Rice, M., Wiens, R., and the MSL Science Team. (2015) ChemCam passive reflectance spectroscopy of surface materials at the Curiosity landing site, Mars. Icarus, 249, 74–92.10.1016/j.icarus.2014.02.028Search in Google Scholar

Lane, M.D., Bishop, J.L., Dyar, M.D., Hiroi, T., Mertzman, S.A., Bish, D.L., King P.L., and Rogers, A.D. (2015) Mid-infrared emission spectroscopy and visible/near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy of Fe-sulfate minerals. American Mineralogist, 100, 66–82.10.2138/am-2015-4762Search in Google Scholar

Lanza, N.L., Ollila, A.M., Cousin, A., Wiens, R.C., Clegg, S., Mangold, N., Bridges, N., Cooper, D., Schmidt, M., Berger, J., and others. (2015) Understanding the signature of rock coatings in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy data. Icarus, 249, 62–73,10.1016/j.icarus.2014.05.038.Search in Google Scholar

Lapotre, M.G.A., Ehlmann, B.L., Ayoub, F., Minson, S.E., Bridges, N.T., Fraeman, A.A., and Johnson, J.R. (2015) The Bagnold Dunes at Gale Crater—A Key to reading the geologic record of Mt. Sharp. Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, abstract no.1634.Search in Google Scholar

Le Mouélic, S., Gasnault, O., Herkenhoff, K.E., Bridges, N.T., Langevin, Y., Mangold, N., Maurice, S., Wiens, R.C., Pinet, P., Newsom, H.E., et al. (2015) The ChemCam Remote Micro-Imager at Gale crater: Review of the first year of operations on Mars. Icarus, 249, 93–107.10.1016/j.icarus.2014.05.030Search in Google Scholar

Lemmon, M.T., et al. (2004) Atmospheric imaging results from the Mars Exploration Rovers: Spirit and Opportunity. Science, 306, 1753–1756.10.1126/science.1104474Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Mangold, N., et al. (2015) Chemical variations in Yellowknife Bay formation sedimentary rocks analyzed by ChemCam on board the Curiosity rover on Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research Planets, 120, 452–482,10.1002/2014JE004681.Search in Google Scholar

Maurice, S., et al. (2012) The ChemCam instrument suite on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Rover: Science objectives and mast unit description. Space Science Reviews, 170, 95–166,10.1007/s11214-012-9912-2.Search in Google Scholar

Maurice, S., et al. (2015) Science objectives of the SuperCam instrument for the Mars2020 rover. Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, abstract no. 2818.Search in Google Scholar

McCollom, T.M., Ehlmann, B.L., Wang, A., Hynek, B.M., and Berquó, T.S. (2014) Detection of iron substitution in natroalunite natrojarosite solid solutions and potential implications for Mars. American Mineralogist, 99, 948–964.10.2138/am.2014.4617Search in Google Scholar

McLennan, S.M., et al. (2014) Elemental geochemistry of sedimentary rocks at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars. Science, 343, 1244734,10.1126/science.1244734.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

McLennan, S.M., Dehouck, E., Grotzinger, J.P., Hurowitz, J.A., Mangold, N., and Siebach, K. (2015) Geochemical record of open system chemical weathering at Gale Crater and implications for paleoclimates on Mars. Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, abstract no. 2533.Search in Google Scholar

McSween, H.Y. Jr., Murchie, S.L., Crisp, J.A., Bridges, N.T., Anderson, R.C., Bell, J.F. III, Britt, D.T., Brückner, J., Dreibus, G., Economou, T., and others. (1999) Chemical, multispectral, and textural constraints on the composition and origin of rocks at the Mars Pathfinder landing site. Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 8679–8715.10.1029/98JE02551Search in Google Scholar

Milliken, R.E., Grotzinger, J.P., and Thomson, B.J. (2010) Paleoclimate of Mars as captured by the stratigraphic record in Gale Crater. Geophysical Research Letters, 37, L04201,10.1029/2009GL041870.Search in Google Scholar

Milton, E.J., Schaepmanb, M.E., Andersonc, K., Kneubühlerd, M., and Foxe, N. (2009) Progress in field spectroscopy. Remote Sensing of Environment, 113, S92–S109.10.1109/IGARSS.2006.509Search in Google Scholar

Ming, D.W., Archer, P.D. Jr., Glavin, D.P., Eigenbrode, J.L., Franz, H.B., Sutter, B., Brunner, A.E., Stern, J.C., Freissinet, C., McAdam, A.C., and others. (2014) Volatile and organic compositions of sedimentary rocks in Yellowknife Bay, Gale crater, Mars. Science, 343, 1245267, http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1245267.10.1126/science.1245267Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Morris, R.V., Lauer, H.V. Jr., Lawson, C.A., Gibson, E.K. Jr., Nace, G.A., and Stewart, C. (1985) Spectral and other physicochemical properties of submicron powders of hematite (α-Fe2O3), maghemite (γ-Fe2O3), magnetite (Fe3O4), goethite (α-FeOOH), and lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH). Journal of Geophysical Research, 90, 3126–3144,10.1029/JB090iB04p03126.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Morris, R.V., Golden, D.C., and Bell, J.F. III (1997) Low temperature reflectivity spectra of red hematite and the color of Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 9125–9133.10.1029/96JE03993Search in Google Scholar

Morris, R.V., et al. (2000) Mineralogy, composition, and alteration of Mars Pathfinder rocks and soils: Evidence from multispectral, elemental, and magnetic data on terrestrial analogue, SNC meteorite, and Pathfinder samples. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 1757–1817,10.1029/1999JE001059.Search in Google Scholar

Nachon, M., Clegg, S.M., Mangold, N., Schröder, S., Kah, L.C., Dromart, G., and Wellington, D. (2014) Calcium sulfate veins characterized by ChemCam/Curiosity at Gale Crater, Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 119,10.1002/2013JE004588.Search in Google Scholar

Pitman, K.M., et al. (2014) Reflectance spectroscopy and optical functions for hydrated Fe-sulfates. American Mineralogist, 99, 1593–1603.10.2138/am.2014.4730Search in Google Scholar

Rampe, E.B., et al. (2015a) Potential cement phases in sedimentary rocks drilled by Curiosity at Gale Crater, Mars. Lunar and Planetary Science Conference 46, abstract no. 2038.Search in Google Scholar

Rampe, E.B., Ming, D.W., Morris, R.V., Blake, D.F., Bristow, T.F., Chipera, S.J., Vaniman, D.T., Yen, A.S., Grotzinger, J.P., Downs, R.T., and others. (2016) Diagenesis in the Murray Formation, Gale Crater, Mars. 47th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, abstract no. 2543.Search in Google Scholar

Rice, M.S., Bell, J.F. III, Godber, A., Wellington, D., Fraeman, A.A., Johnson, J.R., and Grotzinger, J.P. (2013) Mastcam multispectral imaging results from the Mars Science Laboratory investigation in Yellowknife Bay. In European Planetary Science Congress 2013, id. EPSC2013-762, Vol. 8, p. 762.Search in Google Scholar

Rossman, G.R. (1975) Spectroscopic and magnetic studies of ferric iron hydroxyl sulfates: Intensification of color in ferric iron clusters bridged by a single hydroxide ion. American Mineralogist, 60, 698–704.Search in Google Scholar

Roush, T.L., Blaney, D.L., and Singer, R.B. (1993) The surface composition of Mars as inferred from spectroscopic observations. In C.M. Pieters and P.A.J. Englert, Eds., Remote Geochemical Analysis: Elemental and mineralogical composition. Cambridge University Press, New York, pp. 367–393.Search in Google Scholar

Sautter, V., Fabre, C., Forni, O., Toplis, M.J., Cousin, A., Ollila, A.M., Meslin, P.Y., Maurice, S., Wiens, R.C., Baratoux, D., and others. (2014) Igneous mineralogy at Bradbury Rise: The first ChemCam campaign at Gale crater. Journal of Geophysical Research Planets, 119, 30–46,10.1002/2013JE004472.Search in Google Scholar

Schmidt, M.E., King, P.L., Gellert, R., Elliott, B., Thompson, L., Berger, J.A., Bridges, J., and others. (2013) Geochemical diversity and K rich compositions found by the MSL APXS in Gale Crater, Mars. Mineralogical Magazine 77, 2158.Search in Google Scholar

Schmidt, M.E., Campbell, J.L., Gellert, R., Perrett, G.M., Treiman, A.H., Blaney, D.L., Ollila, A., Calef, F.J. III, Edgar, L., Elliott, B.E., and others. (2014) Geochemical diversity in first rocks examined by the Curiosity rover in Gale crater: Evidence for and significance of an alkali and volatile rich igneous source. Journal of Geophysical Research Planets, 119, 64–81,10.1002/2013JE004481.Search in Google Scholar

Seelos, K.D., Seelos, F.P., Viviano-Beck, C.E., Murchie, S.L., Arvidson, R.E., Ehlmann, B.L., and Fraeman, A.A. (2014) Mineralogy of the MSL Curiosity landing site in Gale crater as observed by MRO/CRISM. Geophysical Research Letters, 41, 4880–4887.10.1002/2014GL060310Search in Google Scholar

Sherman, D.M., Burns, R.G., and Burns, V.M. (1982) Spectral characteristics of the iron oxides with application to the Martian bright region mineralogy. Journal of Geophysical Research, 87, 10169–10180,10.1029/JB087iB12p10169.Search in Google Scholar

Singer, R.B., McCord, T.B., Clark, R.N., Adams, J.B., and Huguenin, R.L. (1979) Mars surface composition from reflectance spectroscopy: A summary. Journal of Geophysical Research, 84, 8415–8426.10.1029/JB084iB14p08415Search in Google Scholar

Sklute, E.C., Jensen, H.B., Rogers, A.D., and Reeder, R.J. (2015) Morphological, structural, and spectral characteristics of amorphous iron sulfates. Journal of Geophysical Research Planets, 120,10.1002/2014JE004784.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Sobron, P., Bishop, J.L., Blake, D.F., Chen, B., and Rull, F. (2014), Natural Fe-bearing oxides and sulfates from the Rio Tinto Mars analog site: Critical assessment of VNIR reflectance spectroscopy, laser Raman spectroscopy, and XRD as mineral identification tools. American Mineralogist, 99, 1199–1205.10.2138/am.2014.4595Search in Google Scholar

Stack, K.M., Grotzinger, J.P., Gupta, S., Kah, L.C., Lewis, K.W., McBride, M.J., and Yingst, R.A. (2015) Sedimentology and stratigraphy of the Pahrump Hills Outcrop, Lower Mount Sharp, Gale Crater, Mars. Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, abstract no. 1994.Search in Google Scholar

Stolper, E.M., Baker, M.B., Newcombe, M.E., Schmidt, M.E., Treiman, A.H., Cousin, A., Dyar, M.D., Fisk, M.R., Gellert, R., King, P.L., and others, and MSL Science Team. (2013) The petrochemistry of Jake_M: A martian mugearite. Science, 341, 1239463,10.1126/science.1239463.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Treiman, A.H., Morris, R.V., Agresti, D.G., Graff, T.G., Achilles, C.N., Rampe, E.B., Bristow, T.F., Ming, D.W., Blake, D.F., Vaniman, D.T., and others. (2014) Ferrian saponite from the Santa Monica Mountains (California, U.S.A., Earth): Characterization as an analog for clay minerals on Mars with application to Yellowknife Bay in Gale Crater. American Mineralogist, 99, 2234–2250.10.2138/am-2014-4763Search in Google Scholar

Treiman, A.H., et al. (2015) Mineralogy and genesis of the Windjana sandstone, Kimberley area, Gale Crater, Mars. Lunar and Planetary Science Conference 46, abstract no. 2620.Search in Google Scholar

Vaniman, D.T., et al. (2014) Mineralogy of a mudstone at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars. Science, 343, 1243480,10.1126/science.1243480.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Vasavada, A.R., Grotzinger, J.P., Arvidson, R.E., Calef, F.J., Crisp, J.A., Gupta, S., Hurowitz, J., Mangold, N., Maurice, S., Schmidt, M.E., Wiens, R.C., Williams, R.M.E., and Yingst, R.A. (2014) Overview of the Mars Science Laboratory mission: Bradbury landing to Yellowknife Bay and beyond, Journal of Geophysical Research Planets, 119, 1134–1161,10.1002/2014JE004622.Search in Google Scholar

Wellington, D., et al. (2014) Visible to near ir spectral units along the MSL Gale Crater Traverse: Comparison of In Situ Mastcam and Orbital CRISM Observations. AGU Fall Meeting, P43D-4015.Search in Google Scholar

Wiens, R., et al. (2012) The ChemCam Instrument Suite on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Rover: Body unit and combined system performance. Space Science Review, 170, 167–227.10.1007/978-1-4614-6339-9_7Search in Google Scholar

Wiens, R.C., et al. (2013) Pre flight calibration and initial data processing for the ChemCam laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy instrument on the Mars Science Laboratory rover. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, 82, 1–27.10.1016/j.sab.2013.02.003Search in Google Scholar

Wiens, R.C., Maurice, S., and the MSL Science Team (2015) ChemCam: Chemostratigraphy by the first Mars microprobe. Elements, 11, 33–38,10.2113/gselements.11.1.33.Search in Google Scholar

Williams, R.M.E., et al. (2013) Martian fluvial conglomerates at Gale Crater, Science, 340, 1068–1072,10.1126/science.1237317.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Wray, J.J. (2013) Gale crater: The Mars Science Laboratory/Curiosity rover landing site. International Journal of Astrobiology, 12, 25–38,10.1017/S1473550412000328.Search in Google Scholar

Received: 2015-9-6
Accepted: 2016-1-22
Published Online: 2016-7-7
Published in Print: 2016-7-1

© 2016 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  2. New evidence for lunar basalt metasomatism by underlying regolith
  3. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  4. Alunite on Mars
  5. Special collection: martian rocks and minerals: perspectives from rovers, orbiters, and meteorites
  6. Constraints on iron sulfate and iron oxide mineralogy from ChemCam visible/near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy of Mt. Sharp basal units, Gale Crater, Mars
  7. Special collection: martian rocks and minerals: perspectives from rovers, orbiters, and meteorites
  8. Esperance: Multiple episodes of aqueous alteration involving fracture fills and coatings at Matijevic Hill, Mars
  9. Special collection: Martian rocks and minerals: perspectives from rovers, orbiters, and meteorites
  10. Discovery of alunite in cross crater, terra sirenum, mars: evidence for acidic, sulfurous waters
  11. Special collection: perspectives on origins and evolution of crustal magmas
  12. Granitoid magmas preserved as melt inclusions in high-grade metamorphic rocks
  13. Chemistry and mineralogy of earth’s mantle
  14. Incorporation of Fe2+ and Fe3+ in bridgmanite during magma ocean crystallization
  15. Special collection: mechanisms, rates, and timescales of geochemical transport processes in the crust and mantle
  16. Hydrogen diffusion in Ti-doped forsterite and the preservation of metastable point defects
  17. Crossroads in earth and planetary materials
  18. Mineralogy of paloverde (parkinsonia microphylla) tree ash from the sonoran desert: a combined field and laboratory study
  19. Research Article
  20. D-poor hydrogen in lunar mare basalts assimilated from lunar regolith
  21. Research Article
  22. Mineral chemistry and petrogenesis of a HFSE(+HREE) occurrence, peripheral to carbonatites of the Bear Lodge alkaline complex, Wyoming
  23. Research Article
  24. Formation of the lunar highlands Mg-suite as told by spinel
  25. Research Article
  26. Vaterite: interpretation in terms of OD theory and its next of kin
  27. Research Article
  28. Metastable structural transformations and pressure-induced amorphization in natural (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 olivine under static compression: a raman spectroscopic study
  29. Research Article
  30. High-pressure compressibility and thermal expansion of aragonite
  31. Research Article
  32. Electronic transitions of iron in almandine-composition glass to 91 GPa
  33. Research Article
  34. Interstratification of graphene-like carbon layers within black talc from Southeastern China: Implications to sedimentary talc formation
  35. Research Article
  36. What is the actual structure of samarskite-(Y)? A TEM investigation of metamict samarskite from the garnet codera dike pegmatite (Central Italian Alps)
  37. Research Article
  38. Detection of liquid H2O in vapor bubbles in reheated melt inclusions: implications for magmatic fluid composition and volatile budgets of magmas?
  39. Letter
  40. Interface coupled dissolution-reprecipitation in garnet from subducted granulites and ultrahigh-pressure rocks revealed by phosphorous, sodium, and titanium zonation
  41. Letter
  42. Discreditation of diomignite and its petrologic implications
  43. Letter
  44. Accurate determination of ferric iron in garnets
  45. Erratum
  46. Accurate determination of ferric iron in garnets by bulk Mössbauer and synchrotron micro-XANES spectroscopies
  47. New Mineral Names
  48. New Mineral Names
https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2016-5553
Keywords for this article
Mars spectroscopy; Mars remote sensing; visible/near-infrared; IR spectroscopy; ferric sulfates; iron oxides; Invited Centennial article

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  2. New evidence for lunar basalt metasomatism by underlying regolith
  3. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  4. Alunite on Mars
  5. Special collection: martian rocks and minerals: perspectives from rovers, orbiters, and meteorites
  6. Constraints on iron sulfate and iron oxide mineralogy from ChemCam visible/near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy of Mt. Sharp basal units, Gale Crater, Mars
  7. Special collection: martian rocks and minerals: perspectives from rovers, orbiters, and meteorites
  8. Esperance: Multiple episodes of aqueous alteration involving fracture fills and coatings at Matijevic Hill, Mars
  9. Special collection: Martian rocks and minerals: perspectives from rovers, orbiters, and meteorites
  10. Discovery of alunite in cross crater, terra sirenum, mars: evidence for acidic, sulfurous waters
  11. Special collection: perspectives on origins and evolution of crustal magmas
  12. Granitoid magmas preserved as melt inclusions in high-grade metamorphic rocks
  13. Chemistry and mineralogy of earth’s mantle
  14. Incorporation of Fe2+ and Fe3+ in bridgmanite during magma ocean crystallization
  15. Special collection: mechanisms, rates, and timescales of geochemical transport processes in the crust and mantle
  16. Hydrogen diffusion in Ti-doped forsterite and the preservation of metastable point defects
  17. Crossroads in earth and planetary materials
  18. Mineralogy of paloverde (parkinsonia microphylla) tree ash from the sonoran desert: a combined field and laboratory study
  19. Research Article
  20. D-poor hydrogen in lunar mare basalts assimilated from lunar regolith
  21. Research Article
  22. Mineral chemistry and petrogenesis of a HFSE(+HREE) occurrence, peripheral to carbonatites of the Bear Lodge alkaline complex, Wyoming
  23. Research Article
  24. Formation of the lunar highlands Mg-suite as told by spinel
  25. Research Article
  26. Vaterite: interpretation in terms of OD theory and its next of kin
  27. Research Article
  28. Metastable structural transformations and pressure-induced amorphization in natural (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 olivine under static compression: a raman spectroscopic study
  29. Research Article
  30. High-pressure compressibility and thermal expansion of aragonite
  31. Research Article
  32. Electronic transitions of iron in almandine-composition glass to 91 GPa
  33. Research Article
  34. Interstratification of graphene-like carbon layers within black talc from Southeastern China: Implications to sedimentary talc formation
  35. Research Article
  36. What is the actual structure of samarskite-(Y)? A TEM investigation of metamict samarskite from the garnet codera dike pegmatite (Central Italian Alps)
  37. Research Article
  38. Detection of liquid H2O in vapor bubbles in reheated melt inclusions: implications for magmatic fluid composition and volatile budgets of magmas?
  39. Letter
  40. Interface coupled dissolution-reprecipitation in garnet from subducted granulites and ultrahigh-pressure rocks revealed by phosphorous, sodium, and titanium zonation
  41. Letter
  42. Discreditation of diomignite and its petrologic implications
  43. Letter
  44. Accurate determination of ferric iron in garnets
  45. Erratum
  46. Accurate determination of ferric iron in garnets by bulk Mössbauer and synchrotron micro-XANES spectroscopies
  47. New Mineral Names
  48. New Mineral Names
Sign up now to receive a 20% welcome discount
Institutional Access
How does access work?
Have an idea on how to improve our website?
Please write us.
© 2025 De Gruyter Brill
Downloaded on 1.10.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.2138/am-2016-5553/html
Scroll to top button