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Cu diffusion in a basaltic melt

  • Peng Ni EMAIL logo und Youxue Zhang
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 3. Juni 2016
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American Mineralogist
Aus der Zeitschrift American Mineralogist Band 101 Heft 6

Abstract

Recent studies suggest a potential role of diffusive transport of metals (e.g., Cu, Au, PGE) in the formation of magmatic sulfide deposits and porphyry-type deposits. However, diffusivities of these metals are poorly determined in natural silicate melts. In this study, diffusivities of copper in an anhydrous basaltic melt (<10 ppm H2O) were measured at temperatures from 1298 to 1581 °C, and pressures of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 GPa. Copper diffusivities in anhydrous basaltic melt at 1 GPa can be described as:

DCubasalt=exp⁡[−(14.12±0.50)−11813±838T]

where DCubasalt is the diffusivity in m2/s, T is the temperature in K, and errors are given at 1σ level. A fitting of all experimental data considering the pressure effect is:

DCubasalt=exp⁡[−(13.59±0.81)−(12153±1229)+(620±241)PT]

where P is the pressure in GPa, which corresponds to a pre-exponential factor D0 = (1.25 ×÷ 2.2)×10–6 m2/s, an activation energy Ea = 101 ± 10 kJ/mol at P = 0, and an activation volume Va = (5.2 ± 2.0)×10–6 m3/mol.

The diffusivity of copper in basaltic melt is high compared to most other cations, similar to that of Na. The high copper diffusivity is consistent with the occurrence of copper mostly as Cu+ in silicate melts at or below NNO. Compared to the volatile species, copper diffusivity is generally smaller than water diffusivity, but about one order of magnitude higher than sulfur and chlorine diffusivities. Hence, Cu partitioning between a growing sulfide liquid drop and the surrounding silicate melt is roughly in equilibrium, whereas that between a growing fluid bubble and the surrounding melt can be out of equilibrium if the fluid is nearly pure H2O fluid. Our results are the first copper diffusion data in natural silicate melts, and can be applied to discuss natural processes such as copper transport and kinetic partitioning behavior in ore formation, as well as copper isotope fractionation caused by evaporation during tektite formation.

Key words: Copper diffusivity; kinetics; kinetic fractionation; copper isotope fractionation

Acknowledgments

We thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, and James Jolles for informal comments. P. Ni thanks Zhengjiu Xu for training and help with piston-cylinder experiments, Gordon Moore, Yang Chen, and Yi Yu for help with microprobe analysis and Chenghuan Guo for discussion about synthesizing glasses. This work was partially supported by NSF grants EAR-1019440 and EAR-1524473. The electron microprobe used in this study was acquired using NSF grant EAR-9911352.

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Received: 2015-8-26
Accepted: 2016-2-16
Published Online: 2016-6-3
Published in Print: 2016-6-1

© 2016 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2016-5544
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
Copper diffusivity; kinetics; kinetic fractionation; copper isotope fractionation

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Invited Centennial Article
  2. On the nature and significance of rarity in mineralogy
  3. Special collection: mechanisms, rates, and timescales of geochemical transport processes in the crust and mantle
  4. Zircon saturation and Zr diffusion in rhyolitic melts, and zircon growth geospeedometer
  5. Review
  6. On silica-rich granitoids and their eruptive equivalents
  7. Special collection: advances in ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism
  8. Discovery of in situ super-reducing, ultrahigh-pressure phases in the Luobusa ophiolitic chromitites, Tibet: new insights into the deep upper mantle and mantle transition zone
  9. Special collection: from magmas to ore deposits
  10. Uraninite from the Olympic Dam IOCG-U-Ag deposit: linking textural and compositional variation to temporal evolution
  11. Special collection: from magmas to ore deposits
  12. A story of olivine from the McIvor Hill complex (Tasmania, Australia): Clues to the origin of the Avebury metasomatic Ni sulfide deposit
  13. Special collection: perspectives on origins and evolution of crustal magmas
  14. The origin of extensive Neoarchean high-silica batholiths and the nature of intrusive complements to silicic ignimbrites: Insights from the Wyoming batholith, U.S.A.
  15. Special collection: perspectives on origins and evolution of crustal magmas
  16. From the Hadean to the Himalaya: 4.4 Ga of felsic terrestrial magmatism
  17. Spinels renaissance: the past, present, and future of those ubiquitous minerals and materials
  18. Compositional effects on the solubility of minor and trace elements in oxide spinel minerals: insights from crystal-crystal partition coefficients in chromite exsolution
  19. Spinels renaissance: the past, present, and future of those ubiquitous minerals and materials
  20. An X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) study of Fe ordering in a synthetic MgAl2O4-Fe3O4 (spinel-magnetite) solid-solution series: Implications for magnetic properties and cation site ordering
  21. Research Article
  22. High concentrations of manganese and sulfur in deposits on Murray Ridge, Endeavour Crater, Mars
  23. Research Article
  24. A Cr3+ luminescence study of spodumene at high pressures: effects of site geometry, a phase transition, and a level-crossing
  25. Research Article
  26. Phase transitions between high- and low-temperature orthopyroxene in the Mg2Si2O6-Fe2Si2O6 system
  27. Research Article
  28. High-temperature and high-pressure behavior of carbonates in the ternary diagram CaCO3-MgCO3-FeCO3
  29. Research Article
  30. Natural Mg-Fe clinochlores: enthalpies of formation and dehydroxylation derived from calorimetric study
  31. Research Article
  32. Trace element thermometry of garnet-clinopyroxene pairs
  33. Research Article
  34. Constraints on the solid solubility of Hg, Tl, and Cd in arsenian pyrite
  35. Research Article
  36. Ni-phyllosilicates (garnierites) from the Falcondo Ni-laterite deposit (Dominican Republic): mineralogy, nanotextures, and formation mechanisms by HRTEM and AEM
  37. Research Article
  38. Cu diffusion in a basaltic melt
  39. Research Article
  40. High-pressure behavior of the polymorphs of FeOOH
  41. New Mineral Names
  42. New Mineral Names
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