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Temperature dependence of the velocity-density relation for liquid metals under high pressure: Implications for the Earth’s outer core

  • Tetsuya Komabayashi EMAIL logo , Jinya Kato , Kei Hirose , Satoshi Tsutsui , Saori Imada , Yoichi Nakajima and Alfred Q.R. Baron
Published/Copyright: November 24, 2015
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American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 100 Issue 11-12

Abstract

The relationship between the sound velocity, density, and temperature of liquid metals is important when one tries to interpret the seismic velocity profile and infer the chemical compositions of the Earth’s outer core. We, therefore, have experimentally measured the longitudinal acoustic (LA) velocity of liquid indium under high P-T conditions. Also, we examined a Hugoniot data of liquid iron by comparing with an existing equation of state (EoS). The LA velocities of liquid and solid indium at pressures up to 6.7 GPa and temperatures mostly at 710 K were measured using inelastic X‑ray scattering (IXS) to probe samples in an externally heated diamond-anvil cell. A thermal EoS for liquid indium derived from existing literature was used to calculate the density for the IXS measurements and to provide an independent check on the sound velocities. The IXS data are consistent with the hydrodynamic LA velocity derived from the liquid EoS, implying that the positive dispersion is minimal in liquid indium. The velocity-density relation for liquid indium derived from the EoS has temperature dependence, implying that Birch’s law does not hold for the liquid phase. Similarly we calculated the temperaturevelocity- density relation of liquid iron over the Earth’s core range from a recently reported EoS. The resulting velocity-density relation is also temperature dependent, indicating that liquid iron thus does not follow Birch’s law. The violation of Birch’s law implies that the Hugoniot data cannot be directly compared with seismological observations because of the different temperature ranges. Formulation of the temperature-velocity-density of liquid iron-alloys supported by experimental measurements provides better understanding of the thermodynamic state of the Earth’s core.

Keywords: Density-velocity relation; liquid metals; inelastic X-ray scattering; thermal equation of state; outer core; indium; iron
Received: 2014-12-29
Accepted: 2015-6-16
Published Online: 2015-11-24
Published in Print: 2015-11-1

© 2015 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2015-5294
Keywords for this article
Density-velocity relation; liquid metals; inelastic X-ray scattering; thermal equation of state; outer core; indium; iron

Articles in the same Issue

  1. On understanding the structure and composition of crystals
  2. Stable and metastable silicate liquid immiscibility in ferrobasalts
  3. When was the Earth’s conveyor belt set in motion?
  4. Trace element partitioning into sulfide: How lithophile elements become chalcophile and vice versa
  5. Petrology on Mars
  6. Hf and Nd isotope systematics of early Archean komatiites from surface sampling and ICDP drilling in the Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa
  7. Quasicrystals at extreme conditions: The role of pressure in stabilizing icosahedral Al63Cu24Fe13 at high temperature
  8. Tracking the thermal decomposition of plasma-sprayed hydroxylapatite
  9. Experimental constraints on bubble formation and growth during magma ascent: A review
  10. Ankerite grains with dolomite cores: A diffusion chronometer for low- to medium-grade regionally metamorphosed clastic sediments
  11. Crystal structure, high-pressure, and high-temperature behavior of carbonates in the K2Mg(CO3)2–Na2Mg(CO3)2 join
  12. Temperature micro-mapping in oscillatory-zoned chlorite: Application to study of a green-schist facies fault zone in the Pyrenean Axial Zone (Spain)
  13. Micro- and nano-characterization of Zn-clays in nonsulfide supergene ores of southern Peru
  14. Mineralogical characterization of individual growth structures of Mn-nodules with different Ni+Cu content from the central Pacific Ocean
  15. The magma plumbing system of the Emeishan large igneous province and its role in basaltic magma differentiation in a continental setting
  16. Weathering of the Ethiopian volcanic province: A new weathering index to characterize and compare soils
  17. Recommended mineral-melt partition coefficients for FRTEs (Cu), Ga, and Ge during mantle melting
  18. Tetrahedral plot diagram: A geometrical solution for quaternary systems
  19. Investigations on alunogen under Mars-relevant temperature conditions: An example for a single-crystal-to-single-crystal phase transition
  20. Crystallization of calcium oxalate hydrates by interaction of calcite marble with fungus Aspergillus niger
  21. Direct and indirect evidence for free oxygen (O2–) in MO-silicate glasses and melts (M = Mg, Ca, Pb)
  22. Effect of fluid composition on growth rate of monazite in quartzite at 1.0 GPa and 1000 °C
  23. Determination of the full elastic tensor of single crystals using shear wave velocities by Brillouin spectroscopy
  24. Temperature dependence of the velocity-density relation for liquid metals under high pressure: Implications for the Earth’s outer core
  25. Thermal, compositional, and compressional demagnetization of cementite
  26. The MnCO3-II high-pressure polymorph of rhodocrosite
  27. Lanthanide tetrads in normalized rare element patterns of zircon from the Koktokay No. 3 granitic pegmatite, Altay, NW China
  28. Hydrogrossular, Ca3Al2(SiO4)3–x(H4O4)x: An ab initio investigation of its structural and energetic properties
  29. High-pressure synthesis of skiagite-majorite garnet and investigation of its crystal structure
  30. Mineralogical evolution of Fe–Si-rich layers at the olivine-water interface during carbonation reactions
  31. High-pressure spectroscopic study of siderite (FeCO3) with a focus on spin crossover
  32. Exploring the potential of Raman spectroscopy for crystallochemical analyses of complex hydrous silicates: I. Amphiboles
  33. Apexite, NaMg(PO4)·9H2O, a new struvite-type phase with a heteropolyhedral cluster
  34. The mechanism of infiltration of metamorphic fluids recorded by hydration and carbonation of epidote-amphibolite facies metabasaltic sills in the SW Scottish Highlands
  35. The axial ratio of hcp Fe and Fe–Ni–Si alloys to the conditions of Earth’s inner core
  36. Shock-induced mobilization of metal and sulfide in planetesimals: Evidence from the Buck Mountains 005 (L6 S4) dike-bearing chondrite
  37. The accretion and differentiation of Earth under oxidizing conditions
  38. Dislocation microstructures in simple-shear-deformed wadsleyite at transition-zone conditions: Weak-beam dark-field TEM characterization of dislocations on the (010) plane
  39. Chemical composition and crystal structure of merrillite from the Suizhou meteorite
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