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Trona at extreme conditions: A pollutant-sequestering material at high pressures and low temperatures
-
Earl O’Bannon III.
,
Christine M. Beavers
Published/Copyright:
October 14, 2014
Abstract
Single-crystal X‑ray diffraction of trona, Na3CO3HCO3·2H2O, was measured between 100 and 340 K at ambient pressures, and the infrared and Raman spectra of this material characterized to ∼25 GPa. The thermal expansion of trona is greatest in the b direction, which is due to a particularly large expansion of the long Na2-O1 and the short Na2-O4 bonds within the sodium septahedron in the trona structure. This crystallographic direction is associated with the distance between neighboring carbonate groups and neighboring water molecules within the structure. The dimensions of the carbonate group undergo no systematic changes over this temperature range, and the disordered hydrogen atom within the structure does not order at temperatures down to 100 K. Thus, detailed changes in the geometry of the sodium polyhedra primarily modulate the response of trona to decreases in temperature. The infrared and Raman spectra undergo discontinuous and reversible changes at ∼7 and ∼14.5 GPa: the former of these phase transitions is likely associated with a shift primarily in the sodium-oxygen polyhedra, while the latter also involves shifts in bonding of the carbonate groups. New assignments are suggested for portions of the vibrational spectrum based on the high-pressure results. Resonance effects between different vibrational modes are observed, including the observation of a transmission maximum associated with a resonant interaction between the carbonate symmetric stretching vibration and a broad mode at similar frequencies. The behavior of trona under extreme conditions is useful for understanding CO2-vapor-saturated alkali-rich systems, and late-stage peralkaline magmatic processes and, in its usage as both a sorbent and scrubber of SO2 and CO2 in flue gasses and lignite coals.
Keywords: Trona; high pressure; low temperature; single-crystal diffraction; vibrational spectroscopy
Received: 2014-2-3
Accepted: 2014-4-29
Published Online: 2014-10-14
Published in Print: 2014-10-1
© 2014 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston
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Keywords for this article
Trona;
high pressure;
low temperature;
single-crystal diffraction;
vibrational spectroscopy
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