Quantification of minor phases in growth kinetics experiments with powder X-ray diffraction
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John M. Hanchar
Abstract
Minor amounts of clay minerals precipitated from aqueous solution can be rapidly identified and quantified in a mineral mixture with powder X-ray diffraction using a rotating-anode source and a position-sensitive detector. For the case of gibbsite precipitated on a kaolinite powder substrate we demonstrate a simple method having a minimum detection limit of 0.1 wt%, using pure gibbsite as the intensity reference in mechanical mixtures of gibbsite and kaolinite. The amount of gibbsite precipitated onto kaolinite at 80 °C, pH 3 is higher when determined from solution chemistry than from the X-ray method, and the difference in amounts increases with increasing Al concentration in solution. This discrepancy can be explained by assuming that a fraction of the precipitated material is effectively invisible to the X-ray diffraction technique, either due to a small diffracting domain size along the gibbsite [001] direction or formation of an Al-phase that is amorphous to X-rays. This method should be generally useful for a range of mineral mixtures where at least one intense reflection for the phase of interest is not obscured. The ability to identify, characterize, and quantify trace phases by X-ray diffraction, especially when combined with surface analysis by electron or atomic force imaging, is an important complement to the conventional approach of monitoring solution composition in growth kinetics experiments.
© 2015 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Measurement of crystal size distributions
- Pressure dependence of the solubility of Ar and Kr in melts of the system SiO2-NaAlSi2O6
- Solubility behavior of water in haploandesitic melts at high pressure and high temperature
- Proton-containing defects at forsterite {010} tilt grain boundaries and stepped surfaces
- Incorporation of Fe3+ into forsterite and wadsleyite
- Molecular dynamics simulation of Al/Si-ordered plagioclase feldspar
- Cation ordering and structural variations with temperature in MgAl2O4 spinel: An X-ray single-crystal study
- Aluminium coordination in tektites: A XANES study
- Crystal structure of Cr-mullite
- Structure of synthetic 2-line ferrihydrite by electron nanodiffraction
- Transmission electron microscopy study of gaudefroyite, Ca8Mn6 3+[(BO3)6(CO3)2O6]
- Nano- to micro-scale decompression products in ultrahigh-pressure phengite: HRTEM and AEM study, and some petrological implications
- New insights into the mechanism for chloritization of biotite using polytype analysis
- The dissolution of hectorite: In-situ, real-time observations using atomic force microscopy
- Quantification of minor phases in growth kinetics experiments with powder X-ray diffraction
- Illite-smectite structural changes during metamorphism in black Cambrian Alum shales from the Baltic area
- The tremolite-actinolite-ferro–actinolite series: Systematic relationships among cell parameters, composition, optical properties, and habit, and evidence of discontinuities
- Cordierite I: The coordination of Fe2+
- Cordierite II: The role of CO2 and H2O
- Crystal chemical variations in Li- and Fe-rich micas from Pikes Peak batholith (central Colorado)
- The crystal structure of TlAlSiO4: The role of inert pairs in exclusion of Tl from silicate minerals
- The structure of agrinierite: a Sr-containing uranyl oxide hydrate mineral
- The crystal structure of namibite, Cu(BiO)2VO4(OH), and revision of its symmetry
- The crystal structure of pararobertsite and its relationship to mitridatite
- Description and crystal structure of cabalzarite Ca(Mg,Al,Fe)2(AsO4)2(H2O,OH)2, a new mineral of the tsumcorite group
- Tegengrenite, a new, rhombohedral spinel-related Sb mineral from the Jakobsberg Fe-Mn deposit, Värmland, Sweden
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Measurement of crystal size distributions
- Pressure dependence of the solubility of Ar and Kr in melts of the system SiO2-NaAlSi2O6
- Solubility behavior of water in haploandesitic melts at high pressure and high temperature
- Proton-containing defects at forsterite {010} tilt grain boundaries and stepped surfaces
- Incorporation of Fe3+ into forsterite and wadsleyite
- Molecular dynamics simulation of Al/Si-ordered plagioclase feldspar
- Cation ordering and structural variations with temperature in MgAl2O4 spinel: An X-ray single-crystal study
- Aluminium coordination in tektites: A XANES study
- Crystal structure of Cr-mullite
- Structure of synthetic 2-line ferrihydrite by electron nanodiffraction
- Transmission electron microscopy study of gaudefroyite, Ca8Mn6 3+[(BO3)6(CO3)2O6]
- Nano- to micro-scale decompression products in ultrahigh-pressure phengite: HRTEM and AEM study, and some petrological implications
- New insights into the mechanism for chloritization of biotite using polytype analysis
- The dissolution of hectorite: In-situ, real-time observations using atomic force microscopy
- Quantification of minor phases in growth kinetics experiments with powder X-ray diffraction
- Illite-smectite structural changes during metamorphism in black Cambrian Alum shales from the Baltic area
- The tremolite-actinolite-ferro–actinolite series: Systematic relationships among cell parameters, composition, optical properties, and habit, and evidence of discontinuities
- Cordierite I: The coordination of Fe2+
- Cordierite II: The role of CO2 and H2O
- Crystal chemical variations in Li- and Fe-rich micas from Pikes Peak batholith (central Colorado)
- The crystal structure of TlAlSiO4: The role of inert pairs in exclusion of Tl from silicate minerals
- The structure of agrinierite: a Sr-containing uranyl oxide hydrate mineral
- The crystal structure of namibite, Cu(BiO)2VO4(OH), and revision of its symmetry
- The crystal structure of pararobertsite and its relationship to mitridatite
- Description and crystal structure of cabalzarite Ca(Mg,Al,Fe)2(AsO4)2(H2O,OH)2, a new mineral of the tsumcorite group
- Tegengrenite, a new, rhombohedral spinel-related Sb mineral from the Jakobsberg Fe-Mn deposit, Värmland, Sweden
