Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. CONTENTS vii
3. CONTENTS BY SUBJECT AREA xi
4. CONTRIBUTORS xiii
5. GUIDE TO THE ENCYCLOPEDIA xxi
6. PREFACE xxiii
7. Adaptive Behavior and Vigilance 1
8. Adaptive Dynamics 7
9. Adaptive Landscapes 17
10. Age Structure 26
11. Allee Effects 32
12. Allometry and Growth 38
13. Apparent Competition 45
14. Applied Ecology 52
15. Assembly Processes 60
16. Bayesian Statistics 64
17. Behavioral Ecology 74
18. Belowground Processes 80
19. Beverton–Holt Model 86
20. Bifurcations 88
21. Biogeochemistry and Nutrient Cycles 95
22. Birth–Death Models 101
23. Bottom-Up Control 106
24. Branching Processes 112
25. Cannibalism 120
26. Cellular Automata 123
27. Chaos 126
28. Coevolution 131
29. Compartment Models 136
30. Computational Ecology 141
31. Conservation Biology 145
32. Continental Scale Patterns 152
33. Cooperation, Evolution of 155
34. Delay Differential Equations 163
35. Demography 166
36. Difference Equations 170
37. Discounting in Bioeconomics 176
38. Disease Dynamics 179
39. Dispersal, Animal 188
40. Dispersal, Evolution of 192
41. Dispersal, Plant 198
42. Diversity Measures 203
43. Dynamic Programming 207
44. Ecological Economics 213
45. Ecosystem Ecology 219
46. Ecosystem Engineers 230
47. Ecosystem Services 235
48. Ecosystem Valuation 241
49. Ecotoxicology 247
50. Energy Budgets 249
51. Environmental Heterogeneity and Plants 258
52. Epidemiology and Epidemic Modeling 263
53. Evolutionarily Stable Strategies 270
54. Evolutionary Computation 272
55. Facilitation 276
56. Fisheries Ecology 280
57. Food Chains and Food Web Modules 288
58. Food Webs 294
59. Foraging Behavior 302
60. Forest Simulators 307
61. Frequentist Statistics 316
62. Functional Traits of Species and Individuals 324
63. Game Theory 330
64. Gap Analysis and Presence/ Absence Models 334
65. Gas and Energy Fluxes Across Landscapes 337
66. Geographic Information Systems 341
67. Harvesting Theory 346
68. Hydrodynamics 357
69. Individual-Based Ecology 365
70. Information Criteria in Ecology 371
71. Integrated Whole Organism Physiology 376
72. Integrodifference Equations 381
73. Invasion Biology 384
74. Landscape Ecology 392
75. Marine Reserves and Ecosystem-Based Management 397
76. Markov Chains 404
77. Mating Behavior 408
78. Matrix Models 415
79. Meta-Analysis 423
80. Metabolic Theory of Ecology 426
81. Metacommunities 434
82. Metapopulations 438
83. Microbial Communities 445
84. Model Fitting 450
85. Movement: From Individuals to Populations 456
86. Mutation, Selection, and Genetic Drift 463
87. Networks, Ecological 470
88. Neutral Community Ecology 478
89. Niche Construction 485
90. Niche Overlap 489
91. Nicholson–Bailey Host Parasitoid Model 498
92. Nondimensionalization 501
93. NPZ Models 505
94. Ocean Circulation, Dynamics of 510
95. Optimal Control Theory 519
96. Ordinary Differential Equations 523
97. Pair Approximations 531
98. Partial Differential Equations 534
99. Phase Plane Analysis 538
100. Phenotypic Plasticity 545
101. Phylogenetic Reconstruction 550
102. Phylogeography 557
103. Plant Competition and Canopy Interactions 565
104. Population Ecology 571
105. Population Viability Analysis 582
106. Predator–Prey Models 587
107. Quantitative Genetics 595
108. Reaction–Diffusion Models 603
109. Regime Shifts 609
110. Reserve Selection and Conservation Prioritization 617
111. Resilience and Stability 624
112. Restoration Ecology 629
113. Ricker Model 632
114. Sex, Evolution of 637
115. Single-Species Population Models 641
116. SIR Models 648
117. Spatial Ecology 659
118. Spatial Models, Stochastic 666
119. Spatial Spread 670
120. Species Ranges 674
121. Stability Analysis 680
122. Stage Structure 686
123. Statistics in Ecology 691
124. Stochasticity (Overview) 698
125. Stochasticity, Demographic 706
126. Stochasticity, Environmental 712
127. Stoichiometry, Ecological 718
128. Storage Effect 722
129. Stress and Species Interactions 726
130. Succession 728
131. Synchrony, Spatial 734
132. Top-Down Control 739
133. Transport in Individuals 744
134. Two-Species Competition 752
135. Urban Ecology 765
136. Glossary 771
137. Index 803