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Sex, Evolution of

  • Jan Engelstädter and Francisco Úbeda
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Encyclopedia of Theoretical Ecology
This chapter is in the book Encyclopedia of Theoretical Ecology
© 2019 University of California Press, Berkeley

© 2019 University of California Press, Berkeley

Chapters in this book

  1. Frontmatter i
  2. CONTENTS vii
  3. CONTENTS BY SUBJECT AREA xi
  4. CONTRIBUTORS xiii
  5. GUIDE TO THE ENCYCLOPEDIA xxi
  6. PREFACE xxiii
  7. Adaptive Behavior and Vigilance 1
  8. Adaptive Dynamics 7
  9. Adaptive Landscapes 17
  10. Age Structure 26
  11. Allee Effects 32
  12. Allometry and Growth 38
  13. Apparent Competition 45
  14. Applied Ecology 52
  15. Assembly Processes 60
  16. Bayesian Statistics 64
  17. Behavioral Ecology 74
  18. Belowground Processes 80
  19. Beverton–Holt Model 86
  20. Bifurcations 88
  21. Biogeochemistry and Nutrient Cycles 95
  22. Birth–Death Models 101
  23. Bottom-Up Control 106
  24. Branching Processes 112
  25. Cannibalism 120
  26. Cellular Automata 123
  27. Chaos 126
  28. Coevolution 131
  29. Compartment Models 136
  30. Computational Ecology 141
  31. Conservation Biology 145
  32. Continental Scale Patterns 152
  33. Cooperation, Evolution of 155
  34. Delay Differential Equations 163
  35. Demography 166
  36. Difference Equations 170
  37. Discounting in Bioeconomics 176
  38. Disease Dynamics 179
  39. Dispersal, Animal 188
  40. Dispersal, Evolution of 192
  41. Dispersal, Plant 198
  42. Diversity Measures 203
  43. Dynamic Programming 207
  44. Ecological Economics 213
  45. Ecosystem Ecology 219
  46. Ecosystem Engineers 230
  47. Ecosystem Services 235
  48. Ecosystem Valuation 241
  49. Ecotoxicology 247
  50. Energy Budgets 249
  51. Environmental Heterogeneity and Plants 258
  52. Epidemiology and Epidemic Modeling 263
  53. Evolutionarily Stable Strategies 270
  54. Evolutionary Computation 272
  55. Facilitation 276
  56. Fisheries Ecology 280
  57. Food Chains and Food Web Modules 288
  58. Food Webs 294
  59. Foraging Behavior 302
  60. Forest Simulators 307
  61. Frequentist Statistics 316
  62. Functional Traits of Species and Individuals 324
  63. Game Theory 330
  64. Gap Analysis and Presence/ Absence Models 334
  65. Gas and Energy Fluxes Across Landscapes 337
  66. Geographic Information Systems 341
  67. Harvesting Theory 346
  68. Hydrodynamics 357
  69. Individual-Based Ecology 365
  70. Information Criteria in Ecology 371
  71. Integrated Whole Organism Physiology 376
  72. Integrodifference Equations 381
  73. Invasion Biology 384
  74. Landscape Ecology 392
  75. Marine Reserves and Ecosystem-Based Management 397
  76. Markov Chains 404
  77. Mating Behavior 408
  78. Matrix Models 415
  79. Meta-Analysis 423
  80. Metabolic Theory of Ecology 426
  81. Metacommunities 434
  82. Metapopulations 438
  83. Microbial Communities 445
  84. Model Fitting 450
  85. Movement: From Individuals to Populations 456
  86. Mutation, Selection, and Genetic Drift 463
  87. Networks, Ecological 470
  88. Neutral Community Ecology 478
  89. Niche Construction 485
  90. Niche Overlap 489
  91. Nicholson–Bailey Host Parasitoid Model 498
  92. Nondimensionalization 501
  93. NPZ Models 505
  94. Ocean Circulation, Dynamics of 510
  95. Optimal Control Theory 519
  96. Ordinary Differential Equations 523
  97. Pair Approximations 531
  98. Partial Differential Equations 534
  99. Phase Plane Analysis 538
  100. Phenotypic Plasticity 545
  101. Phylogenetic Reconstruction 550
  102. Phylogeography 557
  103. Plant Competition and Canopy Interactions 565
  104. Population Ecology 571
  105. Population Viability Analysis 582
  106. Predator–Prey Models 587
  107. Quantitative Genetics 595
  108. Reaction–Diffusion Models 603
  109. Regime Shifts 609
  110. Reserve Selection and Conservation Prioritization 617
  111. Resilience and Stability 624
  112. Restoration Ecology 629
  113. Ricker Model 632
  114. Sex, Evolution of 637
  115. Single-Species Population Models 641
  116. SIR Models 648
  117. Spatial Ecology 659
  118. Spatial Models, Stochastic 666
  119. Spatial Spread 670
  120. Species Ranges 674
  121. Stability Analysis 680
  122. Stage Structure 686
  123. Statistics in Ecology 691
  124. Stochasticity (Overview) 698
  125. Stochasticity, Demographic 706
  126. Stochasticity, Environmental 712
  127. Stoichiometry, Ecological 718
  128. Storage Effect 722
  129. Stress and Species Interactions 726
  130. Succession 728
  131. Synchrony, Spatial 734
  132. Top-Down Control 739
  133. Transport in Individuals 744
  134. Two-Species Competition 752
  135. Urban Ecology 765
  136. Glossary 771
  137. Index 803
https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520951785-112

Chapters in this book

  1. Frontmatter i
  2. CONTENTS vii
  3. CONTENTS BY SUBJECT AREA xi
  4. CONTRIBUTORS xiii
  5. GUIDE TO THE ENCYCLOPEDIA xxi
  6. PREFACE xxiii
  7. Adaptive Behavior and Vigilance 1
  8. Adaptive Dynamics 7
  9. Adaptive Landscapes 17
  10. Age Structure 26
  11. Allee Effects 32
  12. Allometry and Growth 38
  13. Apparent Competition 45
  14. Applied Ecology 52
  15. Assembly Processes 60
  16. Bayesian Statistics 64
  17. Behavioral Ecology 74
  18. Belowground Processes 80
  19. Beverton–Holt Model 86
  20. Bifurcations 88
  21. Biogeochemistry and Nutrient Cycles 95
  22. Birth–Death Models 101
  23. Bottom-Up Control 106
  24. Branching Processes 112
  25. Cannibalism 120
  26. Cellular Automata 123
  27. Chaos 126
  28. Coevolution 131
  29. Compartment Models 136
  30. Computational Ecology 141
  31. Conservation Biology 145
  32. Continental Scale Patterns 152
  33. Cooperation, Evolution of 155
  34. Delay Differential Equations 163
  35. Demography 166
  36. Difference Equations 170
  37. Discounting in Bioeconomics 176
  38. Disease Dynamics 179
  39. Dispersal, Animal 188
  40. Dispersal, Evolution of 192
  41. Dispersal, Plant 198
  42. Diversity Measures 203
  43. Dynamic Programming 207
  44. Ecological Economics 213
  45. Ecosystem Ecology 219
  46. Ecosystem Engineers 230
  47. Ecosystem Services 235
  48. Ecosystem Valuation 241
  49. Ecotoxicology 247
  50. Energy Budgets 249
  51. Environmental Heterogeneity and Plants 258
  52. Epidemiology and Epidemic Modeling 263
  53. Evolutionarily Stable Strategies 270
  54. Evolutionary Computation 272
  55. Facilitation 276
  56. Fisheries Ecology 280
  57. Food Chains and Food Web Modules 288
  58. Food Webs 294
  59. Foraging Behavior 302
  60. Forest Simulators 307
  61. Frequentist Statistics 316
  62. Functional Traits of Species and Individuals 324
  63. Game Theory 330
  64. Gap Analysis and Presence/ Absence Models 334
  65. Gas and Energy Fluxes Across Landscapes 337
  66. Geographic Information Systems 341
  67. Harvesting Theory 346
  68. Hydrodynamics 357
  69. Individual-Based Ecology 365
  70. Information Criteria in Ecology 371
  71. Integrated Whole Organism Physiology 376
  72. Integrodifference Equations 381
  73. Invasion Biology 384
  74. Landscape Ecology 392
  75. Marine Reserves and Ecosystem-Based Management 397
  76. Markov Chains 404
  77. Mating Behavior 408
  78. Matrix Models 415
  79. Meta-Analysis 423
  80. Metabolic Theory of Ecology 426
  81. Metacommunities 434
  82. Metapopulations 438
  83. Microbial Communities 445
  84. Model Fitting 450
  85. Movement: From Individuals to Populations 456
  86. Mutation, Selection, and Genetic Drift 463
  87. Networks, Ecological 470
  88. Neutral Community Ecology 478
  89. Niche Construction 485
  90. Niche Overlap 489
  91. Nicholson–Bailey Host Parasitoid Model 498
  92. Nondimensionalization 501
  93. NPZ Models 505
  94. Ocean Circulation, Dynamics of 510
  95. Optimal Control Theory 519
  96. Ordinary Differential Equations 523
  97. Pair Approximations 531
  98. Partial Differential Equations 534
  99. Phase Plane Analysis 538
  100. Phenotypic Plasticity 545
  101. Phylogenetic Reconstruction 550
  102. Phylogeography 557
  103. Plant Competition and Canopy Interactions 565
  104. Population Ecology 571
  105. Population Viability Analysis 582
  106. Predator–Prey Models 587
  107. Quantitative Genetics 595
  108. Reaction–Diffusion Models 603
  109. Regime Shifts 609
  110. Reserve Selection and Conservation Prioritization 617
  111. Resilience and Stability 624
  112. Restoration Ecology 629
  113. Ricker Model 632
  114. Sex, Evolution of 637
  115. Single-Species Population Models 641
  116. SIR Models 648
  117. Spatial Ecology 659
  118. Spatial Models, Stochastic 666
  119. Spatial Spread 670
  120. Species Ranges 674
  121. Stability Analysis 680
  122. Stage Structure 686
  123. Statistics in Ecology 691
  124. Stochasticity (Overview) 698
  125. Stochasticity, Demographic 706
  126. Stochasticity, Environmental 712
  127. Stoichiometry, Ecological 718
  128. Storage Effect 722
  129. Stress and Species Interactions 726
  130. Succession 728
  131. Synchrony, Spatial 734
  132. Top-Down Control 739
  133. Transport in Individuals 744
  134. Two-Species Competition 752
  135. Urban Ecology 765
  136. Glossary 771
  137. Index 803
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