Facile hydrothermally grown cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanostructures and their electrochemical performances

Krishnakumar Athira; Swaminathan Dhanapandian; Selvakumar Suthakaran; Sivadasan Shobika; Krishnan Yogalakshmi; Manikandan Ayyar; Munawar Iqbal

doi:10.1515/zpch-2023-0440

Article

Facile hydrothermally grown cobalt oxide (Co₃O₄) nanostructures and their electrochemical performances

Krishnakumar Athira , Swaminathan Dhanapandian , Selvakumar Suthakaran , Sivadasan Shobika , Krishnan Yogalakshmi , Manikandan Ayyar and Munawar Iqbal

Published/Copyright: February 5, 2024

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From the journal Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie Volume 238 Issue 4

Abstract

In this study, pure cobalt oxide (Co₃O₄) nanoparticles were synthesized using a simple hydrothermal approach. The effect of the reducing agent and reaction temperatures of the prepared products were examined. Co₃O₄ is formed in the as-synthesized sample, at reaction temperature 190 °C was observed in the XRD pattern. The XPS survey scan spectrum showed the distinctive peaks of the Co and O elements and their valence states. FESEM and HRTEM revealed the particles as cubical in nature. Peak associated with the elements Co and O on the EDAX spectrum demonstrated the purity of the nanoparticles. Three electrode setups were used to measure the electrochemical properties of the synthesized nanoparticles. DTA curve corresponding exothermic peak at 225 °C and the crystallization of the final product was attributed for the third weight loss of 1.5 % in the temperature range of 280 °C to 450 °C. Formation of Co₃O₄ was confirmed by the observed XRD diffraction peaks at 2θ = 36.83°, 59.82°, and 65.30°, which correspond to h k l planes (311), (511) and (440), respectively. The high-resolution Co2p spectra showed two prominent spin-orbital peaks, 2p_1/2 and 2p_3/2, at 796.37 eV and 781.81 eV, respectively. The increase in temperature causes the particle size to grow ranges between 20 and 70 nm and the average particle size distribution in the TEM image is 42 nm. The integral area of the CV curve was measured during the CV measurement and as the as-prepared Co₃O₄ electrode displays specific capacitance values of 154, 126, 81, 65, and 49 Fg⁻¹ at various scan rates of 10, 20, 50, 70, and 100 mVs⁻¹, respectively.

Keywords: Co3O4 ; hydrothermal method; HR-TEM; XPS survey; cyclic voltammetry

Corresponding authors: Swaminathan Dhanapandian, Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608002, India, E-mail: professordhana10@gmail.com; and Manikandan Ayyar, Department of Chemistry, Centre for Material Chemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore- 641021, Tamil Nadu, India, E-mail: manikandan.frsc@gmail.com

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to express special thanks of gratitude to Centralized instrumentation and service laboratory, Annamalai university for providing their lab facilities.

Research ethics: Not applicable.
Author contributions: K. Athira: conceptualization, methodology, writing – original draft; S. Dhanapandian: supervision, writing – review & editing; S. Suthakaran: data curation, visualization; S. Shobika, K. Yogalakshmi, Manikandan Ayyar, Munawar Iqbal: review & editing.
Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Research funding: None declared.
Data availability: Not applicable.

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Received: 2023-10-17

Accepted: 2023-12-16

Published Online: 2024-02-05

Published in Print: 2024-04-25

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Articles in the same Issue

https://doi.org/10.1515/zpch-2023-0440

Keywords for this article

Co3O4; hydrothermal method; HR-TEM; XPS survey; cyclic voltammetry