Syzydyerin A, a new unusual C-methylated chalcone isolated from the leaves of Syzygium dyerianum (King) Chantar. & J.Parn
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Faezatul Alwani Mohd Rahim
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Nurunajah Ab Ghani
Abstract
A new unusual C-methylated chalcone was successfully isolated from the leaves of Syzygium dyerianum (King) Chantaran. & J.Parn, identified as syzydyerin A (1), together with β-sitosterol, friedelin and lupeol. The characterisation and structural elucidation of the isolated compounds were established by extensive spectroscopic data analysis and comparison with literature data. Compound 1 exhibited inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and lipoxygenase (LOX) with IC50 values of 50.4 ± 0.2 µm and 30.7 ± 0.25 µm, respectively, compared to the reference inhibitors galantamine (IC50 = 40.7 ± 0.12 µm) for AChE and quercetin (IC50 = 3.5 ± 0.13 µm) 5-LOX. Molecular docking analysis revealed that compound 1 exhibits strong binding affinities toward AChE (−11.0 kcal/mol) and 5-LOX (−9.1 kcal/mol), comparable to standard inhibitors, with key π–π stacking and hydrogen bonding interactions stabilizing its binding at both active sites, highlighting its promising dual inhibitory potential. The study underscores the value of S. dyerianum as a source of bioactive compounds with potential applications in treating neuroinflammatory diseases.
Funding source: Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Award Identifier / Grant number: 2025-0012-103-01
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, UPSI for providing the facilities and resources throughout this study.
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Research ethics: Not applicable.
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Informed consent: Not applicable.
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Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
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Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.
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Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
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Research funding: This research was supported by the Geran Penyelidikan Universiti (Kecemerlangan@UPSI) under grant number 2025-0012-103-01, funded by Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.
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Data availability: All data supporting the findings of this study are included within the article and its supplementary materials.
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Supplementary Material
This article contains supplementary material (https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-2025-0179).
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