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Molecular detection of Coxiella burnetii infection (Q fever) in livestock in Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia

  • Hassan M. Baroom EMAIL logo , Naser A. Alkenani EMAIL logo , Bassam O. Al-Johny , Adi A. Almohimeed , Mohammed S. Mohammed , Layla A. Alshehri , Shaker S. Althobaiti , Raga I. Omar , Majed A. Alshaeri and Saleh M. Al-mmaqar ORCID logo EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: October 24, 2024
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Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C
From the journal Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C Volume 80 Issue 5-6

Abstract

The study aims to investigate the prevalence of Q fever in livestock and ticks in Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia, by molecular methods. Using DNA obtained from (40) blood samples, (60) vaginal swabs and ticks (120) samples. Real-time PCR was used to detect the IS1111 insertion sequence of Coxiella burnetii in aborted animals. Among 40 blood samples only one sample of the camel was found to be infected with an overall prevalence of 2.5 %. The highest prevalence (10 %) was recorded in AL-Laith in one camel blood sample out of 10 samples examined. Of 60 vaginal swabs examined for C. burnetii DNA, four samples were found to be infected with an overall prevalence of 6.6 %. The highest prevalence (10 %) was recorded in Makkah in two camel vaginal swabs out of 20 samples, followed by Jeddah and AL-Laith with a prevalence of (5.6 %) by detection of one sample positive out of 18 samples on each of them, while vaginal swabs from AL-Kamil were negative. Three types of ticks were identified Hyalomma dromedarii, Hyalomma anatolicum, and Hyalomma excavatum. H. dromedarii tick is the most common in aborted camels with a prevalence (6.7 %) in Makkah followed by Jeddah (5 %). The findings of this study revealed that C. burnetii infection is prevalent in agricultural animals especially camels and ticks maintained at livestock farms in Makkah Province. However, these animals and ticks may pass on C. burnetii infections to nearby people and other animals in the study area.

Keywords: Coxiella burnetii ; livestock; molecular; Makkah; Saudi Arabia
Corresponding authors: Hassan M. Baroom, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box: 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; and Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science Um Alqura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia, E-mail: ; Naser A. Alkenani, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box: 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; and Faculty of Sciences, Environmental Protection and Sustainability Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, E-mail: ; and Saleh M. Al-mmaqar, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box: 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; and Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Albaydha University, Al-Baydha, Yemen, E-mail:

Funding source: King Abdulaziz University-DSR

Award Identifier / Grant number: IFPIP:988-130-1443

Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the technical and financial support provided by the Ministry of Education and King Abdulaziz University DSR, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Additionally, the authors acknowledge assistance from the Science and Technology Unit, Deanship of Graduate Studies and assistance from the Dept. of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdul Aziz University (KAU), Jeddah, KSA. The authors also acknowledge the Director of Animal Wealth Department, Makkah Region Branch for cooperative in collecting samples. Thanks, extend to the management of Jeddah Islamic Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory.

  1. Research ethics: This study was approved by the research commenced from the King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Science Biosafety, Animal Care, and Use Committee (Approval no. RHKB7796- 8002472220). Permission was requested and granted by the Animal Resources Sector of the Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture (MEWA), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia to undertake the research. The investigation was carried out in compliance with the Animal Welfare Act (system) for the States of Cooperation Council for Arab States of the Gulf [MEWA-AWA-2016-7 (13)].

  2. Informed consent: Not applicable.

  3. Author contributions: HMB, MSM and NAA: Conceptualization, methodology, writing original draft, writing review and editing. HMB, MSM and MAA: Data collec­tion and curation. HMB, AAA, SSA and LAA: Conceptualisation, methodology, and carried out the DNA extraction and qPCR assays. RIO, BOA and SMA: Carried out data analysis, writing-original draft. All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved the submission.

  4. Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.

  5. Competing interests: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

  6. Research funding: This research work was funded by an institutional Fund Project under grant number (IFPIP:988-130-1443).

  7. Data availability: Not applicable.

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Received: 2024-05-28
Accepted: 2024-10-05
Published Online: 2024-10-24
Published in Print: 2025-05-26

© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-2024-0126
Keywords for this article
Coxiella burnetii; livestock; molecular; Makkah; Saudi Arabia

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Review Articles
  3. Nourishment beyond grains: unveiling the multifaceted contributions of millets to United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
  4. Exploring the functionality of fluorescent liposomes in cancer: diagnosis and therapy
  5. Research Articles
  6. In vitro antibacterial activities, DPPH radical scavenging, and molecular simulation of isolated compounds from the leaves of Rhus ruspolii
  7. Characterization and antimicrobial activity of essential oils extracted from lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) using microwave-assisted hydro distillation
  8. In silico DFT and molecular modeling of novel pyrazine-bearing thiazolidinone hybrids derivatives: elucidating in vitro anti-cancer and urease inhibitors
  9. Molecular mechanisms of the anticancer action of fustin isolated from Cotinus coggygria Scop. in MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cell line
  10. Green synthesized AgNPs of the Anchusa arvensis aqueous extract resulting in impressive protein kinase, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities
  11. Phytochemical composition, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and wound healing activities of Thermopsis turcica
  12. Molecular detection of Coxiella burnetii infection (Q fever) in livestock in Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia
  13. Spermidine protects cellular redox status and ionic homeostasis in D-galactose induced senescence and natural aging rat models
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