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Novel Ag(I)-NHC complex: synthesis, in vitro cytotoxic activity, molecular docking, and quantum chemical studies

  • Goncagül Serdaroğlu ORCID logo EMAIL logo , Neslihan Şahin , Serap Şahin-Bölükbaşı and Elvan Üstün
Published/Copyright: July 6, 2021
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Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C
From the journal Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C Volume 77 Issue 1-2

Abstract

The importance of organometallic complexes in cancer biology has attracted attention in recent years. In this paper, we look for the in vitro cytotoxic capability of novel benzimidazole-based N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursor (1) and its Ag(I)-NHC complex (2). For this purpose, these novel Ag(I)-NHC complex (2) was characterized by spectroscopic techniques (1H, 13C{1H} nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR)). Then, in vitro cytotoxic activities of NHC precursor (1) and Ag(I)-NHC complex (2) were investigated against MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 human breast, DU-145 prostate cancer cells, and L-929 healthy cells using MTT assay for 24, 48, and 72 h incubation times. Ag(I)-NHC complex (2) showed promising in vitro cytotoxic activity against all cell lines for three incubation times, with IC50 values lower than 5 µM. It was also determined that (NHC) precursor (1) were lower in vitro cytotoxic activity than Ag(I)-NHC complex (2) against all cell lines. Selectivity indexes (SIs) of Ag(I)-NHC complex (2) against cancer cells were found higher than 2 for 24 and 48 h incubation time. Besides, the electronic structure and spectroscopic data of the newly synthesized precursor and its Ag-complex have been supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations and molecular docking analysis. After, the anticancer activity of these compounds has been discussed considering the results of the frontier molecular orbital analysis. We hope that the obtained results from the experiments and computational tools will bring a new perspective to cancer research in terms of supported by quantum chemical calculations.

Keywords: cytotoxic activity; DFT calculations; molecular docking; N-heterocyclic carbene; silver
Corresponding author: Goncagül Serdaroğlu, Math. and Sci. Edu., Faculty of Education, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey, E-mail:

Funding source: Sivas Cumhuriyet University

Award Identifier / Grant number: CUBAP: EĞT-086

  1. Author contribution: Goncagül Serdaroğlu performed the Quantum chemical calculations and related analyses. Neslihan Şahin synthesized and characterized the precursor and complex. Serap Şahin-Bölükbaşı performed In vitro Cytotoxic activity studies. Elvan Üstün conducted the Molecular Docking studies. Goncagül Serdaroğlu supervised the project. All authors were responsible for Writing - Review & Editing their performed parts.

  2. Research funding: This work was supported by Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Scientific Research Projects Department (Project No: CUBAP: EĞT-086) for financial support. All calculations have been carried out at TUBITAK ULAKBIM, High Performance and Grid Computing Center (TR-Grid e-Infrastructure). All experiments have been carried out at Sivas Cumhuriyet University Advanced Technology Research Center (CÜTAM).

  3. Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.

  4. Availability of data and material: All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files.

  5. Code availability: No.

  6. Ethical statement: All ethical guidelines have been adhered.

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Supplementary material

The online version of this article offers supplementary material (https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-2021-0130).

Received: 2021-05-08
Accepted: 2021-06-15
Published Online: 2021-07-06
Published in Print: 2022-01-27

© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-2021-0130
Keywords for this article
cytotoxic activity; DFT calculations; molecular docking; N-heterocyclic carbene; silver

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