Antimicrobial activity and active compounds of a Rhus verniciflua Stokes extract
-
Jinfeng Yang
Abstract
The Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS) extract is used as a traditional herbal medicine in Southeast Asian countries such as Korea and China. In the present study, one phenolic acid and six flavonoids were isolated from an 80% ethanol RVS extract to examine their antimicrobial activities. These compounds were identified as 3′,4′,7-trihydroxyflavone (1), methyl gallate (2), gallic acid (3), fusti (4), fisetin (5), butin (6), and sulfuretin (7) by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activities of compounds 5 and 6 (at a dose of 16 μg/mL each) were superior to that of the control, cycloheximide (at a dose of 25 μg/mL), against Hypocrea nigricans; additionally, the activities of compounds 1 and 2 (at a dose of 8 μg/mL each) were superior to the control against Penicillium oxalicum. Also, chemical compounds 1 and 5 (at a dose of 16 μg/mL each) had higher activities than the control (25 μg/mL) against Trichoderma virens. Chemical compound 1 (at a dose of 8 μg/mL) had a similar activity to that of the control against Bacillus subtilis. The obtained results suggest that the RVS extract could be a promising food and nutraceutical source because of the antimicrobial properties of its phenolic compounds.
Acknowledgments
This study was carried out with the support of the R&D Program for Forest Science Technology (Project No. 2017038B10-1719-BA01) provided by the Korea Forest Service (Korea Forestry Promotion Institute), the Doctor’s Scientific Research Foundation of Hezhou University (HZUBS201612), the Guangxi Talent Highland of Preservation and Deep Processing Research in Fruit and Vegetables, Special Fund for Distinguished Experts in Guangxi.
References
1. AlNeyadi SS, Salem AA, Ghattas MA, Atatreh N, Abdou IM. Antibacterial activity and mechanism of action of the benzazole acrylonitrile-based compounds: in vitro, spectroscopic, and docking studies. J Med Chem 2017;136:270–82.10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.05.010Search in Google Scholar PubMed
2. Cooper EL. Drug discovery, CAM and natural products. Altern Med 2004;50:215–7.10.1093/ecam/neh032Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
3. Snowden R, Harrington H, Morrill K, Jeane L, Garrity J, Orian M, et al. A comparison of the anti-Staphylococcus aureus activity of extracts from commonly used medicinal plants. J Altern Complement Med 2014;20:375–82.10.1089/acm.2013.0036Search in Google Scholar PubMed
4. Niimura N. Determination of the type of lacquer on East Asian lacquer ware. Int J Mass Spectrom 2009;284:93–7.10.1016/j.ijms.2009.03.004Search in Google Scholar
5. Kim J, Kwon Y, Chun W, Kim T, Sun J, Yu C, et al. Rhus verniciflua Stokes flavonoid extracts have anti-oxidant, anti-microbial and α-glucosidase inhibitory effect. Food Chem 2010;120:539–43.10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.10.051Search in Google Scholar
6. Park KY, Jung GO, Lee KT, Choi J, Choi MY, Kim GT, et al. Antimutagenic activity of flavonoids from the heartwood of Rhus verniciflua. J Ethnopharmacol 2004;90:73–9.10.1016/j.jep.2003.09.043Search in Google Scholar PubMed
7. Lee JH, Lee HJ, Lee HJ, Choi WC, Yoon SW, Ko SG, et al. Rhus verniciflua Stokes prevents cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species production in MDCK-I renal cells and intact mice. Phytomedicine 2009;16:188–97.10.1016/j.phymed.2008.10.009Search in Google Scholar PubMed
8. Zhen XZ, Xu PS, Wu CR, Zhu WX, Zhu GZ, He XA, et al. Carboxymethyl flavonoids and a chromone with antimicrobial activity from Selaginella moellendorffii Hieron. Fitoterapia 2016;111:124–9.10.1016/j.fitote.2016.04.022Search in Google Scholar PubMed
9. Shang XY, Li S, Wang YH. Chemical constituents of Bauhinia aurea. Chin Mater Med 2006;31:1953–5.Search in Google Scholar
10. Pei YH, Han B, Feng BM. Studies on chemical constituents of Euphorbia fischerianan. Chin Tradit Herb Drugs 2002;75:591–2.Search in Google Scholar
11. Westenburg HE, Lee KJ, Lee SK. Activity-guided isolation of antioxidative constituents of Cotinus coggygria. J Nat Prod 2000;63:1696.10.1021/np000292hSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
12. Mothana RA, Lindequist U. Antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants of the island Soqotra. Ethnopharmacology 2005;96:177–81.10.1016/j.jep.2004.09.006Search in Google Scholar PubMed
13. Kasai H, Fukada S, Yamaizumi Z, Sugie S, Mori H. Action of chlorogenic acid in vegetables and fruits as an inhibitor of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine formation in vitro and in a rat carcinogenesis model. Food Chem Toxicol 2000;38:467–71.10.1016/S0278-6915(00)00014-4Search in Google Scholar
14. Kwon SH, Hong SI, Ma SX, Lee SY, Jang CG. 3′,4′,7-Trihydroxyflavone prevents apoptotic cell death in neuronal cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress. Food Chem Toxicol 2015;80:41–51.10.1016/j.fct.2015.02.014Search in Google Scholar PubMed
15. Kang JH, Lee J, Moon M, Yim M. 3′4′7-Trihydroxyflavone inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclast formation via NFATc1. Pharmazie 2015;70:661–7.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
16. Reis MP, Carvalho CR, Andrade FA, Fernandes OF, Arruda W, Silva MR. Fisetin as a promising antifungal agent against Cryptocococcus neoformans species complex. J Appl Microbiol 2016;121:373–9.10.1111/jam.13155Search in Google Scholar PubMed
17. Kang SY, Kang JY, Oh MJ. Antiviral activities of flavonoids isolated from the bark of Rhus verniciflua Stokes against fish pathogenic viruses in vitro. J Microbiol 2012;50:293–300.10.1007/s12275-012-2068-7Search in Google Scholar PubMed
18. Sorrentino E, Succi M, Tipaldi L, Pannella G, Maiuro L, Sturchio M, et al. Antimicrobial activity of gallic acid against food-related Pseudomonas strains and its use as biocontrol tool to improve the shelf life of fresh black truffles. Int J Food Microbiol 2018;266:183–9.10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.11.026Search in Google Scholar PubMed
19. Chew YL, Mahadi AM, Wong KM, Goh JK. Anti-methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) compounds from Bauhinia kockiana Korth. and their mechanism of antibacterial activity. BMC Complement Altern Med 2018;18:70–8.10.1186/s12906-018-2137-5Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
20. Daglia M, Di Lorenzo A, Nabavi SF, Talas ZS, Nabavi SM. Polyphenols: well beyond the antioxidant capacity: gallic acid and related compounds as neuroprotective agents: you are what you eat. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2014;15:362–72.10.2174/138920101504140825120737Search in Google Scholar PubMed
21. Garcia-Mediavilla V, Crespo I, Collado PS, Esteller A, Sanchez-Campos S, Tunon MJ, et al. The anti-inflammatory flavones quercetin and kaempferol cause inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2 and reactive C-protein, and down-regulation of the nuclear factor kappaB pathway in Chang liver cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2007;557:221–9.10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.11.014Search in Google Scholar PubMed
22. Mshvildadze V, Favel A, Delmas F, Elias R, Faure R, Decanosidze Q. Antifungal and antiprotozoal activities of saponins from Hedera colchica. Pharmazie 2000;55:325–6.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
23. Kubo I, Fujita K-i, Nihei K-i, Nihei A. Antibacterial activity of akyl gallates against Bacillus subtilis. J Agric Food Chem 2004;52:1072–6.10.1021/jf034774lSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
24. Kim JH, Kim MY, Kim JH, Cho JY. Fisentin suppresses macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses by blockade of Src and Syk. Biomol Ther 2015;23:414–20.10.4062/biomolther.2015.036Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
25. Cushnie TP, Lamb AJ. Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2005;26:343–56.10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2005.09.002Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
26. Kacergius T, Abu-Lafi S, Kirkliauskiene A, Gabe V, Adawi A, Rayan M, et al. Inhibitory capacity of Rhus coriaria L. extract and its major component methyl gallate on Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation by optical profilometry: potential applications for oral health. Mol Med Rep 2017;16:949–56.10.3892/mmr.2017.6674Search in Google Scholar PubMed
27. Kubo I, Fujita K, Nihei K. Anti-Salmonella activity of alkyl gallates. J Agric Food Chem 2002;50:6692–6.10.1021/jf020467oSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
©2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- Muscle relaxant activities of pistagremic acid isolated from Pistacia integerrima
- Facile one-pot syntheses of new C-28 esters of oleanolic acid and studies on their antiproliferative effect on T cells
- Biodiversity and full genome sequence of potato viruses Alfalfa mosaic virus and potato leaf roll virus in Egypt
- Carotenoids, tocopherols, organic acids, charbohydrate and mineral content in different medicinal plant extracts
- Two new usnic acid derivatives from the endophytic fungus Mycosphaerella sp.
- Antimicrobial activity and active compounds of a Rhus verniciflua Stokes extract
- Benzimidazole – Schiff bases and their complexes: synthesis, anticancer activity and molecular modeling as Aurora kinase inhibitor
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- Muscle relaxant activities of pistagremic acid isolated from Pistacia integerrima
- Facile one-pot syntheses of new C-28 esters of oleanolic acid and studies on their antiproliferative effect on T cells
- Biodiversity and full genome sequence of potato viruses Alfalfa mosaic virus and potato leaf roll virus in Egypt
- Carotenoids, tocopherols, organic acids, charbohydrate and mineral content in different medicinal plant extracts
- Two new usnic acid derivatives from the endophytic fungus Mycosphaerella sp.
- Antimicrobial activity and active compounds of a Rhus verniciflua Stokes extract
- Benzimidazole – Schiff bases and their complexes: synthesis, anticancer activity and molecular modeling as Aurora kinase inhibitor
