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Eco-conscious nanofluids: exploring heat transfer performance with graphitic carbon nitride nanoparticles

  • Vijayakumar Gokul , Mohanachandran Nair Sindhu Swapna and Sankaranarayana Iyer Sankararaman ORCID logo EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: October 18, 2023
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A
From the journal Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A Volume 78 Issue 12

Abstract

The work explores the heat transfer capabilities of semiconducting graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanofluids. Also, it presents a sustainable and eco-friendly method for synthesizing g-C3N4 nanoparticles using commercially available rice flour as a natural carbon precursor through hydrothermal treatment. The synthesized sample subjected to various characterizations, including analysis of their structure, morphology, thermal properties, and optical properties. The optical bandgap (2.66 eV) is deduced through Tauc plot analysis and reveals the semiconducting nature of the sample. The formation of g-C3N4 is confirmed by various spectroscopic techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrates the nanoparticles’ excellent thermal stability up to 550 °C, indicating potential applications in heat transfer fluids. The investigation of concentration-dependent thermal diffusivity variation using the sensitive mode mismatched dual beam thermal lens technique highlights the potential of g-C3N4 semiconductor nanofluid as an organic and metal-free additive in industry-demanding coolant applications.

Keywords: graphitic carbon nitride; hydrothermal synthesis; rice flour; thermal lens spectroscopy
Corresponding author: Sankaranarayana Iyer Sankararaman, Department of Optoelectronics, University of Kerala, Trivandrum 695581, India, E-mail:

Acknowledgments

Acknowledging Central Laboratory for Instrumentation and Facilitation (CLIF), University of Kerala, Trivandrum, 695581, India, for providing an instrumentation facility.

  1. Research ethics: Not applicable.

  2. Author contributions: Methodology, V. G.; Software, V. G.; Validation, M. N. S. S. and S. I. S.; Formal analysis, V. G., M. N. S. S. and S. I. S.; Writing-original draft, V. G.; Writing-review and editing, M. N. S. S., and S. I. S.; Supervision- S. I. S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

  3. Competing interests: The authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Research funding: None declared.

  5. Data availability: The raw data can be obtained on request from the corresponding author.

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Received: 2023-07-18
Accepted: 2023-09-22
Published Online: 2023-10-18
Published in Print: 2023-12-27

© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.1515/zna-2023-0192
Keywords for this article
graphitic carbon nitride; hydrothermal synthesis; rice flour; thermal lens spectroscopy

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Dynamical Systems & Nonlinear Phenomena
  3. The effect of dust streaming on arbitrary amplitude solitary waves in superthermal polarized space dusty plasma
  4. Numerical simulation of a non-classical moving boundary problem with control function and generalized latent heat as a function of moving interface
  5. Nambu Jona-Lasinio model of relativistic superconductivity
  6. Gravitation & Cosmology
  7. Why does momentum depend on inertia?
  8. Hydrodynamics
  9. Kelvin–Helmholtz instability in magnetically quantized dense plasmas
  10. Quantum Theory
  11. Relativistic Ŝ-matrix formulation in one dimension for particles of spin-s (s = 0, 1/2)
  12. Solid State Physics & Materials Science
  13. Artificial intelligence approach to analyze SIMS profiles of 11B, 31P and 75As in n- and p-type silicon substrates: experimental investigation
  14. The transmittance properties of the one-dimensional gyroidal superconductor photonic crystals
  15. Eco-conscious nanofluids: exploring heat transfer performance with graphitic carbon nitride nanoparticles
  16. Zirconia nanoparticles unveiled: multifaceted insights into structural, mechanical, and optical properties
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