Startseite Temperature-insensitive intensity-modulation liquid refractive index sensor based on fiber-optic Michelson probe structure
Artikel
Lizenziert
Nicht lizenziert Erfordert eine Authentifizierung

Temperature-insensitive intensity-modulation liquid refractive index sensor based on fiber-optic Michelson probe structure

  • Chen Zheng , Wenlin Feng EMAIL logo , Xiaozhan Yang , Guojia Huang , Lian Wang und Bangxing Li
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 21. Mai 2021
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A
Aus der Zeitschrift Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A Band 76 Heft 8

Abstract

A novel liquid refractive index sensor based on the connected single-mode fiber (SMF), no-core fiber (NCF), four-core fiber (FCF), and silver mirror (SM) to form an SMF–NCF–FCF–SM Michelson probe structure is proposed and fabricated. The change of light field in the probe structure has been simulated by the light-beam propagation method. The theoretical results show that light is excited in the NCF and couples into the cores and cladding of FCF at the junction of NCF and FCF. The interference fringes are generated between the cladding modes and core modes of FCF. The sensitivities of the probe in NaCl, sucrose, and glycerol are 171.75 dB/RIU, 121.41 dB/RIU, and 207.50 dB/RIU, respectively. The temperature sensitivity is 0.05 nm/°C, and the intensity change of temperature (≤0.046 dB/°C) is very small and has little effect on the liquid refractive index. Thus, the cross-sensitivity of temperature for the liquid refractive index can be removed. The proposed probe structure has the advantages of easy fabrication, good stability, and linear response, having potential application in the liquid refractive index monitoring environments.

Keywords: fiber-optic sensor; four-core fiber; Michelson interference; no-core fiber; refractive index
Corresponding author: Wenlin Feng, College of Science, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing400054, China; and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Green Energy Materials Technology and Systems, Chongqing400054, China, E-mail:

  1. Author contribution: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  2. Research funding: The research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51574054), Chongqing Municipal Education Commission (Nos. KJZD-M201901102 and KJQN201801133), Chongqing Science and Technology Bureau (Nos. cstc2018jcyjAX0294 and CSTCCXLJRC201905), and Guangzhou Science and Technology Bureau (No. 20202030053).

  3. Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1] B. Lee, “Review of the present status of optical fiber sensors,” Opt. Fiber Technol., vol. 9, pp. 57–79, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1068-5200(02)00527-8.Suche in Google Scholar

[2] J. T. Zhou, Y. P. Wang, C. R. Liao, et al.., “Intensity modulated refractive index sensor based on optical fiber Michelson interferometer,” Sens. Actuators B, vol. 208, pp. 315–319, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2014.11.014.Suche in Google Scholar

[3] P. B. Hu, X. Y. Dong, K. Ni, L. H. Chen, W. C. Wong, and C. C. Chan, “Sensitivity-enhanced Michelson interferometric humidity sensor with waist-enlarged fiber bitaper,” Sens. Actuators B, vol. 194, pp. 180–184, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2013.12.081.Suche in Google Scholar

[4] L. F. Bao, X. Y. Dong, P. P. Shum, and C. Y. Shen, “Compact temperature sensor with highly germania-doped fiber-based Michelson interferometer,” IEEE Sens. J., vol. 18, pp. 8017–8021, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2018.2864799.Suche in Google Scholar

[5] L. B. Yuan, J. Yang, Z. H. Liu, and J. X. Sun, “In-fiber integrated Michelson interferometer,” Opt. Lett., vol. 31, pp. 2692–2694, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1364/ol.31.002692.Suche in Google Scholar

[6] D. K. C. Wu, B. T. Kuhlmey, and B. J. Eggleton, “Ultrasensitive photonic crystal fiber refractive index sensor,” Opt. Lett., vol. 34, pp. 322–324, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1364/ol.34.000322.Suche in Google Scholar

[7] Z. B. Tian, S. S. H. Yam, and H. P. Loock, “Single-mode fiber refractive index sensor based on core-offset attenuators,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 20, pp. 1387–1389, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2008.926832.Suche in Google Scholar

[8] M. I. Zibaii, A. Kazemi, H. Latifi, M. K. Azar, S. M. Hosseini, and M. H. Ghezelaiagh, “Measuring bacterial growth by refractive index tapered fiber optic biosensor,” J. Photochem. Photobiol. B, vol. 101, pp. 313–320, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.07.017.Suche in Google Scholar

[9] F. F. Pang, H. H. Liu, N. Chen, et al.., “In-fiber Michelson interferometer based on double-cladding fiber for refractive index sensing,” in International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors, vol. 7503, Edinburgh, UK, International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2009, p. 75036Y.10.1117/12.834097Suche in Google Scholar

[10] T. H. Xia, A. P. Zhang, B. B. Gu, and J. J. Zhu, “Fiber-optic refractive-index sensors based on transmissive and reflective thin-core fiber modal interferometers,” Opt. Commun., vol. 283, pp. 2136–2139, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2010.01.031.Suche in Google Scholar

[11] X. L. Zhou, K. Chen, X. F. Mao, W. Peng, and Q. X. Yu, “A reflective fiber-optic refractive index sensor based on multimode interference in a coreless silica fiber,” Opt. Commun., vol. 340, pp. 50–55, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2014.11.030.Suche in Google Scholar

[12] Y. P. Wang, D. Richardson, G. Brambilla, et al.., “Intensity measurement bend sensors based on periodically tapered soft glass fibers,” Opt. Lett., vol. 36, pp. 558–560, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1364/ol.36.000558.Suche in Google Scholar

[13] Y. P. Wang, D. N. Wang, and W. Jin, “CO2 laser-grooved long period fiber grating temperature sensor system based on intensity modulation,” Appl. Opt., vol. 45, pp. 7966–7970, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.45.007966.Suche in Google Scholar

[14] Y. Wang, L. Xiao, D. N. Wang, and W. Jin, “Highly sensitive long-period fiber-grating strain sensor with low temperature sensitivity,” Opt. Lett., vol. 31, pp. 3414–3416, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1364/ol.31.003414.Suche in Google Scholar

[15] Y. J. Rao, X. K. Zeng, Y. Zhu, et al.., “Temperature-strain discrimination sensor using a WDM chirped in-fibre Bragg grating and an extrinsic Fabry-Perot,” Chin. Phys. Lett., vol. 18, p. 643, 2001.10.1088/0256-307X/18/5/307Suche in Google Scholar

[16] J. Grochowski, M. Mysliwiec, P. Mikulic, W. J. Bock, and M. Smietana, “Temperature cross-sensitivity for highly refractive index sensitive nanocoated long-period gratings,” Acta Phys. Pol. A, vol. 124, 2013. https://doi.org/10.12693/aphyspola.124.421.Suche in Google Scholar

[17] K. M. Zhou, L. Zhang, X. F. Chen, and I. Bennion, “Optic sensors of high refractive-index responsivity and low thermal cross sensitivity that use fiber Bragg gratings of > 80 tilted structures,” Opt. Lett., vol. 31, pp. 1193–1195, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1364/ol.31.001193.Suche in Google Scholar

[18] Q. Wu, Y. Semenova, B. B. Yan, et al.., “Fiber refractometer based on a fiber Bragg grating and single-mode– multimode– single–mode fiber structure,” Opt. Lett., vol. 36, pp. 2197–2199, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1364/ol.36.002197.Suche in Google Scholar

[19] J. F. Zhao, J. Wang, C. Zhang, et al.., “Refractive index fiber laser sensor by using tunable filter based on no-core fiber,” IEEE Photonics J., vol. 8, pp. 1–8, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2016.2609598.Suche in Google Scholar

[20] Y. Liu, A. Zhou, and L. B. Yuan, “Gelatin-coated Michelson interferometric humidity sensor based on a multicore fiber with helical structure,” J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 37, pp. 2452–2457, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2019.2907568.Suche in Google Scholar

[21] S. Kedenburg, M. Vieweg, T. Gissibl, and H. Giessen, “Linear refractive index and absorption measurements of nonlinear optical liquids in the visible and near-infrared spectral region,” Opt. Mater. Express, vol. 2, pp. 1588–1611, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1364/ome.2.001588.Suche in Google Scholar

[22] O. G. Saracoglu and S. Ozsoy, “Simple equation to estimate the output power of an evanescent field absorption based fiber sensor,” Opt. Eng., vol. 41, pp. 598–600, 2002.10.1117/1.1431254Suche in Google Scholar

[23] F. Riccardo, M. Anna, C. Leonardo, and C. Franco, “Tapered multimode optical fibers for enhanced evanescent-wave absorption spectroscopy of liquids,” in Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Fiber Sensors IX, vol. 3105, Munich, Germany, International Society for Optics and Photonics, 1997, pp. 2–12.Suche in Google Scholar

Received: 2021-04-12
Revised: 2021-05-03
Accepted: 2021-05-04
Published Online: 2021-05-21
Published in Print: 2021-08-26

© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. General
  3. Temperature-insensitive intensity-modulation liquid refractive index sensor based on fiber-optic Michelson probe structure
  4. Dynamical Systems & Nonlinear Phenomena
  5. Impact of non-thermal electrons on spatial damping: a kinetic model for the parallel propagating modes
  6. Role of entropy in ηi-mode driven nonlinear structures obtained by homotopy perturbation method in electron–positron–ion plasma
  7. Study of ferrofluid flow and heat transfer between cone and disk
  8. Solid State Physics & Materials Science
  9. Structural, electronic, magnetic and mechanical properties of the full-Heusler compounds Ni2Mn(Ge,Sn) and Mn2NiGe
  10. Exothermic behaviour of aluminium and graphene as a fuel in Fe2O3 based nanothermite
  11. Surface levels of organic conductors in a tilted in-plane magnetic field
  12. Thermodynamics & Statistical Physics
  13. Adiabatic compressibility of biphasic salt melts
  14. Stochastic thermodynamics of a finite quantum system coupled to a heat bath
https://doi.org/10.1515/zna-2021-0094
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
fiber-optic sensor; four-core fiber; Michelson interference; no-core fiber; refractive index

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. General
  3. Temperature-insensitive intensity-modulation liquid refractive index sensor based on fiber-optic Michelson probe structure
  4. Dynamical Systems & Nonlinear Phenomena
  5. Impact of non-thermal electrons on spatial damping: a kinetic model for the parallel propagating modes
  6. Role of entropy in ηi-mode driven nonlinear structures obtained by homotopy perturbation method in electron–positron–ion plasma
  7. Study of ferrofluid flow and heat transfer between cone and disk
  8. Solid State Physics & Materials Science
  9. Structural, electronic, magnetic and mechanical properties of the full-Heusler compounds Ni2Mn(Ge,Sn) and Mn2NiGe
  10. Exothermic behaviour of aluminium and graphene as a fuel in Fe2O3 based nanothermite
  11. Surface levels of organic conductors in a tilted in-plane magnetic field
  12. Thermodynamics & Statistical Physics
  13. Adiabatic compressibility of biphasic salt melts
  14. Stochastic thermodynamics of a finite quantum system coupled to a heat bath
Jetzt anmelden und 20% sparen
Institutioneller Zugang
Wie funktioniert Authentifizierung?
Haben Sie eine Idee, wie wir unsere Website verbessern können?
Bitte schreiben Sie uns.
© 2025 De Gruyter Brill
Heruntergeladen am 14.10.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/zna-2021-0094/html?lang=de
Button zum nach oben scrollen